US2891200A - Electromagnetic relays - Google Patents

Electromagnetic relays Download PDF

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Publication number
US2891200A
US2891200A US529467A US52946755A US2891200A US 2891200 A US2891200 A US 2891200A US 529467 A US529467 A US 529467A US 52946755 A US52946755 A US 52946755A US 2891200 A US2891200 A US 2891200A
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United States
Prior art keywords
armature
relay
frame
pivotal axis
stiffness
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US529467A
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English (en)
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Carpenter Rupert Evan Howard
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/24—Parts rotatable or rockable outside coil
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/795—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of macromolecular substances
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2263—Polarised relays comprising rotatable armature, rotating around central axis perpendicular to the main plane of the armature

Definitions

  • the armature in many forms of relay is mounted for rocking movement on a spring or springs.
  • Such springs act on the armature with a mechanical force which tends to hold the armature in a position of mechanically stable equilibrium between the polar faces of the air gap in which the armature is mounted, and this mechanical force imparts to the armature a positive stiffness.
  • the magnetic forces acting on the armature tend to move it out of any position of magnetically unstable equilibrium towards one of the polar faces.
  • the armature is journalled in an elastomer member or members having a torsional stiffness which is small compared with the magnetic negative stiffness of the armature and its associated magnetic circuit, but having a sufficiently large stiffness transverse to the pivotal axis of the armature to determine the position of that axis.
  • this elastomer has no significant effect in controlling the rocking movement of the armature whilst keeping the pivotal axis of the lat- 2,891,206 Patented June 16, 1959 ter in position. Since the torsional stilfness of the elastomer is small compared with that of the springs used hitherto, hysteresis or creep is of negligible effect.
  • the small torsional force exerted by the elastomer may be the only mechanical force acting on the armature, in which case movements of the armature are controlled almost exclusively by the magnetic forces.
  • a relay having such an arrangement will have only a low sensitivity since a large number of ampere-turns will be needed to overcome the large negative stiffness of the armature and its associated magnetic circuit.
  • a resilient element or elements are arranged to act on the armature to provide it with a mechanical stiffness which opposes the magnetic negative stiffness.
  • the pivot of the armature comprises two coaxial pins projecting from either side of the armature, each being surrounded by an elastomer sleeve having an adjustable position in the relay.
  • Such pins and sleeves may be conical in form so that by adjusting the end pressure axially the torsional stiffness and the stiffness transverse to the pivotal axis may be altered.
  • such pins and sleeves are cylindrical and each sleeve is held under compression by the inner cylindrical surface of a corresponding rigid holder which is provided with a flange at its outer end and which has such outer dimensions that it may be moved within a corresponding opening in a fixed part of the relay in which the holder is carried so as to enable the position of the pivotal axis to be adjusted, clamping means being provided to enable the flange of the holder, and thus the pivotal axis of the armature, to be fixed in position.
  • Figure 1 is an elevation of the relay
  • Figure 2 is an elevation of the relay looking from the left of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 is a section of the pivoting arrangement of the armature
  • Figure 4 is an elevation of this arrangement looking from the left of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a plan of the relay
  • Figure 6 is .a section of the modified pivoting arrangement.
  • the signals magnetic structure includes two signal coils 1 and 2 .arranged side by side and having corresponding Mumetal cores 3 and 4 which are joined together at their lower ends. These cores extend upwards outside .the coils and are connected to corresponding fiat parallel Mumetal plates 5 and 6 which constitute the pole faces between which the armature of the relay rocks.
  • the plates 5 and 6 are maintained a fixed distance apart by two up right brass bars 7 which are arranged between the plates 5 and 6 along their adjacent vertical sides. The faces of the bars in contact with the plates are accurately finished so that the distance between the plates is accurately determined.
  • the disc 11 carries the contact arrangement of the relay.
  • a bottom plate 12 is fixed across the bottom of plates and 6 and the bars 7 so that the armature is completely enclosed within the box made up of this bottom plate 12, the disc 11, the bars 7 and the plates 5 and 6. This particular design of relay thus prevents magnetic or other particles from penetrating into regions near the armature.
  • the armature which is pivoted between the centres of the two brass bars 7 as described below, consists of a permanent magnet of rectangular cross-section and two similar radiometal end pieces 16 secured (as by one of the methods referred to in the above-mentioned copending application) to the magnet 15 at its poles, that is at the top and bottom.
  • two cylindrical pins 17 (only one of which is shown, the other being similar), having a diameter of 0.052 inch, are fixed to, and project from, the sides of the magnet 15 and each is held within a corresponding cylindrical sleeve 18 made of a mechanically, thermally and chemically stable elastomer of the silicone type, such as one of those sold under the registered trademark Silastomer.
  • Each sleeve 18, in its unstressed condition, has an inner diameter of 0.041 inch and an outer diameter of 0.082 inch and is thus compressed by a rigid metal cylindrical holder 19 of inner diameter 0.078 inch within which the sleeve is held.
  • the compressed elastomer has only a small torsional stiffness compared with the magnetic negative stiffness of the armature and its associated magnetic circuit whilst it has a sufliciently large stiflness transverse to the pivotal axis of the armature to determine the position of that axis.
  • the sleeve 18 In order to prevent the sleeve 18 from slipping parallel to the axis of the pin 17, the sleeve is bonded to either the pin 17 or the holder 19 or both.
  • the pin 17 is screw-threaded at its outer end and thereby carries a nut 20a which bears on the outer end of the sleeve 18 and thus main tains the sleeve in position.
  • the sleeve 18 is provided with a flange which bears against one end of the holder 19 and thus positively prevents axial movement of the sleeve beyond a certain point.
  • Each holder 19 is formed at its outer end with an annular flange 20, and the cylindrical part of the holder lies within a corresponding bore 21 formed in one of the brass bars which thus serve both to determine the gap between the plates 5 and 6 and to support the armature pivoting system.
  • the outer diameter of each holder 19 is smaller than that of its bore 21 so that, until the holders 19 are clamped in position, the armature may be adjusted with respect to the plates 5 and 6.
  • Each of the flanges 20 lies in a corresponding shallow groove 22 formed across the bar 7 and the sides of the two slides over the friction surface.
  • this groove 22 lying within a deeper and longer portion 23 also cut across the bar 7 and the sides of the plates 5 and 6.
  • the groove 22 is made only just slightly wider than the outer diameter of the circular flange 20, so that the pivot of the armature is substantially fixed in a vertical direction but, owing to the loose fit of the holder 19 in its bore 21 it can be moved at right angles to this direction so that the armature may be adjusted with respect to the plates 5 and 6.
  • spacing shims (not shown) are temporarily inserted between the armature and these plates 5 and 6 the shims having a thickness to correspond to the required air gaps and pivot 17 of the armature is then fixed by a brass plate 24 which fits into the cut-away portion 23 and which is fixed by screws 24a onto the bar.
  • a large aperture 25a is provided to accommodate the nut 20a, the part of the plate 24 surrounding this aperture 25a again pressing against the flange 20 to maintain it in its correct position.
  • One of the pins 17 is longer than the other (see Figure l) and passes through the corresponding aperture 25 (or 25a).
  • a long upright magnetic strip 28, fixed to this longer pin 17 and extending from near the top of the signals coils 12 to just above the disc 11 rocks to and fro with the pin 17 and the armature and thereby serves to convey the rocking eifect of the armature to the contact making arrangement on the disc 11.
  • Lying on the strip 28, and held to it by its own flux is a permanent magnet in the form of a thin plate 29 which is pivoted freely about a cylindrical boss 30 formed on the outer surface of the strip 28.
  • This thin plate 29 serves to produce an inertia damping effect on oscillations of the armature in the manner disclosed in my British patent specification No.
  • the strip 28 is turned over at the top through a right angle so as to form a horizontal platform on which is secured a barrel-shaped insulating bead 31 which then rocks in synchronism with the armature.
  • Two cars 32 which are fixed to and depend from a spring arm 33 extending at right angles to the direction of movement of the head 31 are spread to engage the head 31 on opposite sides.
  • This spring arm 33 thus constitutes the resilient element which acts on the armature to provide it with a mechanical stiflness opposing the magnetic negative stiffness.
  • each of these side contacts consists of a stud 35 mounted on a spring strip 36 which is fixed at one end to a rigid backing bar 37 so that the strip 36 and the bar 37 lie roughly parallel to, but spaced from, each other.
  • the free end of the strip 36 and the nearby end of the bar 37 are bent towards the arm 33, and a plug 38 having a front face with a desired frictional characteristic is screwed through this bent part of the backing bar so that the free end of the strip bears upon the friction surface.
  • a plug 38 having a front face with a desired frictional characteristic is screwed through this bent part of the backing bar so that the free end of the strip bears upon the friction surface.
  • Each backing bar is supported by a corresponding resilient strip 45 connected at one end to the back of the bar and at the other end to an upright post 46 which is mounted on the disc 11.
  • Each strip 45 is turned through a right angle and so fixed to the post that the backing bar is approximately parallel to one of the surfaces of the post 46, and so that it causes an adjusting screw 47 which is screwed through the post 46 to bear on the back of the backing member 37.
  • adjusting screw 47 which is screwed through the post 46 to bear on the back of the backing member 37.
  • the spring arm 33 is anchored at its fixed end in an upright post 50 mounted at the apex of a triangular horizontal plate 51 which is adjustably fitted onto the disc 11.
  • This adjustable fitting is brought about by a hexagonal nut 52 with a conical undersurface which acts as a pivot for the plate 51, and two screws 53 and 54 the shank portions of which are of smaller diameter than that of the bores in the plate 51 through which they pass.
  • the whole plate 51 (carrying with it the spring arm 33 and the studs 34) may be turned through a small angle about the nut 52 with a suitable tool, the plate then being locked in position by tightening the nut and the two screws.
  • An electromagnetic relay comprising a frame, a magnetic structure mounted on said frame and formed with a pole face, an armature spaced from said pole face by a working air-gap and defining with said structure a circuit for magnetic flux, said armature being mounted in said frame so as to be movable about a pivotal axis to and from said pole face, a signal winding linked with said circuit, bearing members on opposite sides of said armature and providing a pivotal support for said armature, said members including resilient means exerting upon said armature a pressure having at least components acting radially around said pivotal axis and tending to maintain said pivotal axis in a desired position, means adjustably mounting said bearing members relatively to said frame to permit adjustment transversely of said pivotal axis to alter the length of said air-gap, and clamping means for securing said members to said frame to determine said pivotal axis permanently.
  • bearing members are tapered in opposite directions and cooperate with correspondingly tapered surfaces on the armature, whereby axial movement of the armature is substantially prevented.
  • a relay according to claim 1 comprising means producing a polarising magnetic flux across said working air gap giving to said armature a negative torsional stifiness about said pivotal axis, and further resilient means mounted between said armature and said frame and providing for said armature a positive torsional stiffness about said pivotal axis of much greater magnitude than the positive torsional stiffness provided by the first-named resilient means.
  • a relay according to claim 1 wherein said magnetic structure includes two parallel pole faces spaced apart and said armature is located between the parallel pole faces, said bearing members being adjustable to alter the lengths of the air gaps between the armature and the pair of pole faces, whereby the armature may be moved to a central position between the pole pieces and parallel to them.
  • a relay according to claim 4 wherein said bearing members are tapered in opposite directions and cooperate with correspondingly tapered surfaces on the armature, whereby axial movement of the armature is substantially prevented.
  • a relay according to claim 1 said bearing members and said armature having male and female parts, and said resilient means comprising an elastomer member confined between said parts.
  • said armature having male parts comprising two coaxial pins having cylindrical surfaces and secured to and projecting from opposite sides of the said armature, said female parts comprising bearing members having cylindrical openings receiving said pins and said elastomer members comprising sleeves confined within said cylindrical openings and surrounding said pins.
  • each of said bearing members comprising a hollow sleeve constituting said female part and an annular flange on each bearing sleeve constituting said adjustable means, said flange being secured to said frame by said clamping means and said frame being formed with openings in which said sleeves of said bearing members are adjustably located.
  • a polarised electromagnetic relay comprising a frame, a magnetic structure mounted on said frame and formed with two facing pole faces, an armature located between said pole faces and defining with said structure circuits for magnetic flux, said armature being mounted upon said frame to be movable about a pivotal axis towards one of said pole faces and away from the other of said pole faces, means producing a polarising magnetic fluX between said pole faces and said armature, a signals winding linked with said circuits, bearing members on opposite sides of said armature and providing a pivotal support for said armature, said bearing members including resilient means exerting upon said armature a pressure having at least components acting radially around said pivotal axis and tending to maintain said pivotal axis in a desired position, means adjustably mounting said bearing members relatively to said frame to permit adjustment transversely of said pivotal axis to center said armature between said pole faces, and clamping means for securing said members to said frame to hold said pivotal axis in adjusted position.
  • An electromagnetic device comprising a frame including a fixed magnetic member, a magnetic member movable about a pivotal axis relatively to said frame, male and female support members, the latter in surrounding relation to the former, one of said support members being fixed to said movable member, movably engaging surfaces on the other of said support members and on said frame permitting adjustment of said other support member in a direction perpendicular to said pivotal axis to vary the relative positions of said fixed and movable magnetic members, resilient means interconnecting the support members to exert pressure between them, said pressure having at least components acting radially around said pivotal axis and tending to maintain said axis in fixed relation to said support members, and means for rigidly clamping said other support member to said frame.
  • a device according to claim 11, wherein said resilient means is an elastomer member compressed between said support members.
  • a device comprising further resilient means providing between said movable member and said frame a torsional stiffness much greater than that provided by said elastomer member.
  • a device comprising a frame, a member movable about a pivotal axis relatively to said frame, male and female support members, the latter in surrounding relation to the former, one of said support members being fixed to said movable member, movably engaging surfaces on the other of said support members and on said frame permitting adjustment of said other support member in a direction perpendicular to said pivotal axis, elastomer members positioned between the support members to, exert pressure between them, said pressure having at least components acting radially around said pivotal axis and tending to maintain said axis in fixed. relation to said support members, and means for rigidly clamping said other support member to said frame.
  • a device comprising resilient means providing between said movable member and said frame a torsional stiffness much greater than that provided by said elastomer members.
  • An electromagnetic relay comprising a frame, a magnetic structure mounted on said frame and formed with a pole face, a signals winding linked with said structure, an armature spaced from said pole face by a Work ing air-gap and mounted in said frame so as to be mov able about a pivotal axis to and from said pole face, sup porting means on opposite sides of said armature to provide pivotal support for said armature in said frame and to determine the position of said pivotal axis, each said supporting means comprising a male pivot member, a female pivot member surrounding the male pivot member and resilient means exerting between said members a pressure having at least components acting radially around said pivotal axis and tending to maintain said pivotal axis in a desired position, one of said members and said frame having flat surfaces engaging each other on a plane transversely of said pole face, said one member being adjustable to effect relative sliding of said en gaging surfaces in a direction to alter the length of said air gap, and clamping means for clamping said one member
  • An electromagnetic relay comprising a frame, a magnetic structure mounted on said frame and formed With a pole face, an armature spaced from said pole face by a working air-gap and defining with said structure a circuit for magnetic flux, said armature being mounted in said frame so as to be movable about a pivotal axis to and from said pole face, a signal winding linked with said circuit, supporting means on opposite sides of said armature to provide pivotal support for said armature in said frame and to determine the position of said pivotal axis, each said supporting means comprising a male pivot member, a female pivot member surrounding the male pivot member and resilient means exerting between said members a pressure having at least components acting radially around said pivotal axis and tending to maintain said pivotal axis in a desired position, one of said members and said frame having surfaces engaging each other over an area oriented to permit adjustment of said one member with respect to said frame by relative sliding of said engaging surfaces in a direction to alter the length of said air gap, and clamping means for

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
US529467A 1954-08-27 1955-08-19 Electromagnetic relays Expired - Lifetime US2891200A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB332643X 1954-08-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2891200A true US2891200A (en) 1959-06-16

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US529467A Expired - Lifetime US2891200A (en) 1954-08-27 1955-08-19 Electromagnetic relays

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US (1) US2891200A (xx)
BE (1) BE540821A (xx)
CH (1) CH332643A (xx)
DE (1) DE1087276B (xx)
FR (1) FR1155111A (xx)
GB (1) GB809442A (xx)
NL (2) NL199953A (xx)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3234345A (en) * 1960-04-11 1966-02-08 Carpenter Rupert Evan Howard Electromagnetic relay having novel field pieces and a novel coil bobbin
EP0771018A3 (en) * 1995-10-25 1998-08-19 Gec Alsthom Limited Magnetic actuator arrangement
EP3799100A1 (en) * 2019-09-30 2021-03-31 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for controlling a position of contacts in a relay device

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1763003A (en) * 1929-05-06 1930-06-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electromagnetic device
US2209382A (en) * 1937-03-10 1940-07-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Telephone ringer
FR1006837A (fr) * 1948-11-29 1952-04-28 Shipton & Company Ltd E Relais polarisé

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE683639C (de) * 1937-08-26 1939-11-10 Aeg Schnell arbeitendes Relais, insbesondere Telegrafierelais

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1763003A (en) * 1929-05-06 1930-06-10 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electromagnetic device
US2209382A (en) * 1937-03-10 1940-07-30 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Telephone ringer
FR1006837A (fr) * 1948-11-29 1952-04-28 Shipton & Company Ltd E Relais polarisé

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3234345A (en) * 1960-04-11 1966-02-08 Carpenter Rupert Evan Howard Electromagnetic relay having novel field pieces and a novel coil bobbin
EP0771018A3 (en) * 1995-10-25 1998-08-19 Gec Alsthom Limited Magnetic actuator arrangement
EP3799100A1 (en) * 2019-09-30 2021-03-31 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for controlling a position of contacts in a relay device
US11417482B2 (en) 2019-09-30 2022-08-16 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for controlling a position of contacts in a relay device
US12119191B2 (en) 2019-09-30 2024-10-15 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for controlling a position of contacts in a relay device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1155111A (fr) 1958-04-23
NL99853C (xx)
DE1087276B (de) 1960-08-18
NL199953A (xx)
BE540821A (xx)
CH332643A (fr) 1958-09-15
GB809442A (en) 1959-02-25

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