US288346A - Half to byeon a - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) B. R. KNOWLES.

ELECTRIC LAMP.

No. 288,346. n Patented'Nov. 13, 1883. I /"E D' 6- O 0 Q 7 8 6 I J /c F d.

0 I ll WITNESSES: I l INVBNTOR r BY ATTORNEY N. PETERS. Piwwmm n hun Wasllmgtnn, D. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD R. KNOWLES, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSI GNOR OF ONE- HALF TO BYRON A. BROOKS, OF SAME PLACE.

ELECTRIC LAM P.-

EPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 288,346, dated November 13, 1883.

Application filed July 13, 1882. (No model.)

To aZZ whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, EDWARD R. KNOWLES, of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Lamps, of which the following is a description in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any one skilled in the art to which my invention appertains or with which it is most nearly connected to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making part of this specification, in

- which- Figure 1 is a vertical section through a completed lamp having my improvements applied thereto, and Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are parts in detail, to be hereinafter described.

My invention consists of certain mechanical improvements in the construction of the lamp and in the application of the circuits thereto.

The construction of thelamp and its machinerylwill be readily understood from the following description, and the points of novelty constituting my improvements will be designated in the clai ms concluding this specification.

Reference being had to the drawings, A and A are two electro-ma'gnets mounted on the 1 frame E. The magnet A is divided into secnet of Professor Henry.

" the convolutions do not fill all the space-stock the same as if wound with a fine wire 5 but by takingra number of small wires the sum of whose areas equals that of a given coarse wire, and winding each one on separately, and then connecting their ends as described, a much greater number of convolutions can be put over the magnet, while the total metal area will be the same, so that a much greater magnetic effect can be obtained by this arrangeinent of fine wire than by the ordinary winding with coarse wire. This magnet as such is not new; but by combining it in the lighting-circuit of an electric lamp, to work itsma chinery, a much smaller magnet can be used, while at the same time much greater magnetic force can be obtained and the resistance of the circuit materially decreased.

The magnet A is wound with very fine wire, and the two magnets A and A are connected, so that a differential action is set up, the magnetism of A pulling against the magnetism of A, the two being so connected in circuit that about one per cent. of the current passes through A and all the rest through A.

G is a rocking lever, connected at its ends to the movable magnet-cores B and B by pins P and 1 passing through oblong holes J and J, made in the ends of the lever. Said lever is also pivoted to the frame E at 1? through an oblong hole, J, in said lever. The ends of this lever embrace the ends of the coresB and MB, and through it the rod D also passes, as

shown in Fig. 4.

D is a rod that carries the uppencarbon holder H and carbons 0, held by means of screw S. The rod D passes through long cylindrical bearings H H, forming part of the frame E, and also through the lever G, as above described. 1

Pivoted in the lever G at P is a clutch-la ver, F, the end of which carries a hollow receptacle, M, supplied with mercury, the amount of which can be adjusted to the weight re quired on the lever, the end of the lever being preventedfrom rising up above the lever G by a stop, 9, in the manner shown. S is a set screw, against which the weight M abuts when the lamp is not in action, the object of which is to release the rod D from the clutch-lever F the moment the circuit is disrupted. The object of this arrangement of the lever G with the magnet-cores B and B and the other 0011- necting parts is to work or operate the upper carbon, as will be hereinafter explained. Modifications of substantially the same combination of devices for the same purpose are shown by Figs. 5, 6, and 7 of the drawings.

S and S are two adjustable contact-points insulated from E and G, and tipped with platinum 5 and 6.

In the top of the lamp-case K is inserted a too tube, U, in the top of which a ring, R, is i serted, by which the lamp is suspended. Inside of the tube U a weight, V, is placed in the form of a ring, and made to embrace the rod D. This weight is arranged to slide freely up and down in the tube and upon the rod, to which it is attached, by means of cords or chains 0 O, passing over pulleys 7 and 8, the object of the weight being to counterbalance the weight of the rod D. By thesemeans much less magnetic force is made necessary to operate the upper electrode and its holder, for its weight being balanced by the weight V, a very small magnet is all that is necessary to I operate it.

The frame E, that carries the magnets A and A and the rocking lever G, is secured to the frame L by the screws S S. To the upper-carbon holder H is attached a catch-hook, 11, and to the lower side of the lamp-frame L is bolted or fixed a bracket, 10, onto which the hook 11 catcheswhen the rod D is shoved up, and by which the electrodes are kept apart when the lamp is not in use.

lhe base M of the lamp is connected to the frame L by means of rods R R, insulated at l, I, and I. In the base-piece M are set two circular plates, 0 and 1?, having shoulders, as shown. The plate P is set eccentrically in O, and O is set centrally in M, the two being held .by a plate, N, and screws Z Z. The tube R,

. carrying the lower-earbon holder H and carbon O, is set centrally in the plate 0, and on the under side of these plates 0 and P are projecting pins 15 t, to which a wrench can be applied to adjust the plates with reference to each other. By means of this device the lower carbon, C, can be adjusted to center exactly under the upper carbon. The arrangement is fully shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The tube R is of course fastened in the plate P, and. swings with it in the plate 0, the two plates being adjustable with reference to each other, by which the carbon point is brought in its proper position.

The glass globe G is held by a plate, Q, slipped on the tube R, and held by a setscrew,

S, the stopper T being removable to allow the plate to be slipped onto the tube in the manner shown. By these means the globe can be adjusted over the carbons to the desired position, and can be readily removed to take out one carbon and put in another.

The electrical connections are as follows: The main-circuit conductor comes to the binding-posts p p. The current enters at the lpoints and divides, one part passing through magnet A to E, rod D, carbons 0, base M, rod B, wire Z, to point at p, the other parts going through X, contact-points Sand X, to magnet A, through magnet A and X to the point through Z and Y, thus making two closed circuits-one through magnet A and the lamp, the other through magnet A and the terminal of the lamp, the magnet A being cut out when the lamp is not in action by the contact-points S and S, which takes place the instant the circuit in the magnet A is broken, by which the core B is released and the lever G dropped, by which the point S is brought in contact with the point S, shortcircuiting both the lamp and magnet A.

The action of the lamp is as follows: The current enters at the point and divides, part going through and energizing the magnet A, thence through the carbons and R to the side. This causes the magnet Ato draw in the core B and lift the lever G. As G is lifted, the weight M causes the lever F to fall and clutch the rod D between the cam e and the sideof the hole in G, and as the core B continues to lift the rod D, held by the camlever F, the carbon points are separated and the are established. The other part of the current passes to S, through the coil of the magnet A, through wire X, contact S wire Y and Z, to point, thus also energizing the magnet A, which tends to pull in the core B 5 but as A is of very low resistance and A of very high resistance, the magnetism of a A overcomes that of A, and the lever G is lifted against the pull of the latter magnet. Before the lever G is lifted the current is short-circuited around the magnet A of the contactpoints S and S"; but as soon as thelever G is lifted by the core B the contact between the points S and S is broken, and the current passes through the coil of the magnet A, thus decreasing the magnetism of A, while that of A increases, thus varying the pull on the lever G, which gradually falls until the weight M comes in contact with the set-screw S", by

which the cam cis made to release the rod D,

and allow it to fall sufficiently to re-establish the proper length of arc. The lever e is then again instantly raised, and the cam clutches and holds the rod as before. All of these movements are of course gradual, so that the rod G really continually falls slowly as fast as the carbons are consumed.

, In case it is desired at any time to out a lamp out of circuit, the upper-carbon rod D is pushed up until the hook 11 catches 011 the bracket 10, by which the-circuit is disrupted, the current then going through the contactpoints around the magnet A to the next lamp in circuit.

Having thus described my several improvements in arc-lights, I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent the following claims:

1. In an are electric lamp, the combination, with the upper-carbon rod, of a rocking lever, G, two moving magnet cores, B and B, a weighted cam-lever, F, contact-points S and S, and differential magnets A and A, electrically connected in circuit, and coacting, substantially as described, to govern the operation of the lamp.

2. In an are electric lamp, the combination connected in the circuit of the lamp, combined with moving magnet-cores and a rocking lever having elongated pivot-holes P l? P, and clutch F, common to' both of them, and also with the upper-carbon rod,for the purpose of operating the same. a t

3. In an are electric lamp, the combination, with the upper-carbon rod, of a rocking lever embracing said-rod, and holding a cam-lever impinging against it, and a positive weight upon said cam-lever, the weight and camlever coacting with the embracing-lever to hold and feed-the rod, as described.

4:. In an are electric lamp, the combination, with the lower-carbon rod or holder, of adjusting-pieces O P,having shoulders, and one being set eccentrically in the other in the base a of the lamp, for the purpose of centering the 5. In an are electric lamp, the combination, I

with the lower-carbon rod, of a tubular holder and an adjustable globe-holder, Q, clamped to the said tubular holder below the lampframe, by meansof which the globe is readily slid up and down or removed to facilitate the placing of the carbons.

6. In an arc electriclamp, the upper-carbon rod orholderD, providedwith abracket, 11, and a hook, 10, to engage in said bracket, in combination with differential magnets A and A, magnet-cores l3 and B, lever G, and contactpoints 8' and S, connected in the circuits of an electric lamp, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

EDWARD R. KNOWLES.

\Vitnesses:

AMos BROAIDNAX, WM. H. BROADNAX.

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