US2880933A

US2880933A - Rotary differential actuating mechanism

Info

Publication number: US2880933A
Application number: US265432A
Authority: US
Inventors: Westinger Karl; Hirt Otto
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1952-01-08
Filing date: 1952-01-08
Publication date: 1959-04-07
Anticipated expiration: 1976-04-07

Description

April 7, 1959 Filed Jan. 8, 1952 K. wEs'rlNGr-:R ETAL ROTARY DIFFERENTIAL ACTUATING MECHANISM xg. Inventors:

KARL WEST/Hem,

Efwsr Ammann MD o-rm HfRT April 7, 1959 K. wEsTlNGER ETAL 2,880,933

ROTARY DIFFERENTIAL ACTUATING MECRANISM 8 sheets-sheet 2 Filed Jan. 8, 1952 KARL )Altas-UNSERl ERNST Aufn/sum1? Arly; OTro HIRT BYS Y* April 7, 1959 K. WESTINGER ETAL 2,880,933

ROTARY DIFFERENTIAL ACTUATING MECHANISM 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Jan. 8, 1952 mix KML wesfmscx,

sans? Rummel( Adv erro Hnir. s y" April 7, 1959 K. WESTINGER ETAL 2,880,933

ROTARY DIFFERENTIAL ACTUATING MECHANISM vFiled Jan. 8, 1952 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 /nvenIo-rs:

KARL Ldlasv-/m-ERl ERNST ALTE/{BURGER PHD cfr-ro H/RT www K. WESTINGER ETAL 2,880,933

8 Sheets-Shree?l 5 April 7, 1959 ROTARY DIFFERENTIAL ACTUATING MECHANISM Filed Jan. 8, 1952 www S5 P11) Awww, kw WM/,wa u N. mi Y mh @hw RW N Nv. mw ww QW Mw hw :uw Q m6 R. a m. .G

April 7, 1959 K. WESTINGER ET AL 2,880,933

ROTARY DIFFERENTIAL ACTUATING MECHANISM Filed Jan. 8, 195,? 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 /n venors t KARL lA/:STIHSER/ ERNST Amer/BURGER HND mvo H/ April 7, 1959 K. WESTINGER ET AL 2,880,933

ROTARY DIFFERENTIAL ACTUATING MECHANISM 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed Jan. 8, 1952 /n venfor's: KARL IA/Esfr/rf-ER,

ERP/gr- ALTENBURGLER AND om Hiv Bf April 7, 1959 K. WESTINGER ET AL 2,880,933

ROTARYDIFFERENTIAL ACTUATING MECHANISM Filed Jan. 8, 1952 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 w Q HNI.) (Dv-ro HIRT United States Patent C ROTARY DIFFERENTIAL ACTUATING MECHAN ISM Karl Westinger, Ernst Altenburger, and Otto Hirt, Oberndorf (Neckar), Germany Application January 8, 1952, Serial No. 265,432 14 Claims. (Cl. 23S- 79) The present invention relates to calculating machines.

More particularly, the present invention relates to that type of vcalculating machine which includes a single set of ten keys for setting numbers into the machine and which is capable of adding, subtracting, dividing and multiplying.

One of the objects of the present invention is to greatly simplify the construction of known machines of this type while rendering the same convenient to use.

A specific object of the invention is to provide a novel rotary differential actuating mechanism.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a very simple and effective means for interconnecting the differential actuating mechanism of the machine with the accumulator mechanism.

With the above objects in view, the present invention mainly consists of a calculating machine having a single set of ten digit keys for setting numbers into the machine. A pair of value representing means are mounted in the machine for independent movement, these values representing means being in the form of pin carriages adapted to be set by the digit keys. A support with swing members thereon is mounted in the machine between the digit keys and pin carriages, and this support is laterally shiftable so that the digit keys may selectively operate on either one of the pin carriages.

Mounted on each of these pin carriages is an apparatus for indicating to the operator the number set into the pin carriage so that the operator may continually see this number during a calculation by the machine. This indicating apparatus preferably takes the form of a plurality of numbered wheels which cooperate with the pins of a pin carriage to automatically indicate the numbers set into the pin carriage.

The invention also includes structure for transferring the numbers represented in the set pin carriages to other calculating mechanisms of the calculating machine. This structure includes a plurality of gear sectors located beside each other and mounted on the machine for rotation about a single axis, these gear sectors being located adjacent to one of the pin carriages so as to cooperate therewith, and the several gear sectors being adapted to assume a particular angular relationship with respect to each other in accordance with the setting of the pins on the pin carriage, the latter setting being determined by the numbers set into the machine. A locking means cooperates with the gear sectors to lock them in the above-mentioned angular relationship. The sectors are then turned about the above-mentioned axis through a single angle, after being raised by a cam and lever arrangement into meshing engagement with gears of an accumulator. Each of the gear sectors include a set of additive gear teeth and a set of subtractive gear teeth staggered with respect to the additive teeth.

The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth inparticular in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, to-

2,880,933 Patented Apr. 7, 19:59

gether with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of approximately the upper half of a calculating machine constructed in accordance with the present invention, as seen from the outside, and having the cover thereof broken away at a few places to indicate parts of the revolutions counter and accumulator structure beneath the cover.

Fig. 1a is a continuation of Fig. 1 and shows the lower half of the machine in a top plan view as seen from the outside.

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of approximately the upper half of the machine of the present invention with the cover removed and with some, but not all, of the value transferring structure within the machine being illustrated.

Fig. 2a is a continuation of Fig. 2 and shows in top plan View, partly in section, the pin carriages of the machine as well as the structure for inserting values from the keys into the pin carriages.

Fig. 3 is a side sectional view of the machine illustrating some, but not all, of the structure for transferring numbers set into the machine to the accumulator.

Fig. 3a is a fragmentary perspective view of value receiving gear sectors of Fig. 3 and control structure therefor.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary side view, partly in sectionn, of the mechanism which operates the value receiving and transferring gear sectors.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary isometric view of some of the digit keys of the machine and pin carriages associated therewith, the structure of Fig. 5 being viewed from the rear of the machine.

As is shown in Fig. la, the calculating machine includes one set of keys 1 for setting numbers into the machine and another set of keys 2-11 for carrying out the various functions of the machine. The machine is provided with a cover 19 formed with an opening 20 in which the keys 1 are located and an opening 21 in which the keys 2-11 are located. The key 2 is used for addition; key 3 is used for subtraction; key 4 is depressed after the multiplicand is set into the machine and before the multiplier is set into the machine, and key 5 is depressed after the multiplier is set into the machine to give the result of the multiplication; key 6 is depressed after the dividend is set into the machine and before the divisor is set into the machine; and key 7 is depressed after the divisor is set into the machine in order to give the quotient. The keys 8-10, respectively, remove various numbers from the machine, and key 11 removes all numbers from the machine and sets it into its starting position.

The cover 19 is provided with

windows

13, 14 and 15. The window 13 shows the numbers which are being added or subtracted, and also the multiplicand, dividend and divisor appear in this Window. The window 14 at the left-hand side of the machine shows the multiplier, and the window 15 shows on the right-hand side thereof the results of addition, subtraction and multiplication as well as the dividend. In the left-hand part of window 15, as viewed in Fig. l, there appears the multiplier and the quotient.

As is apparent from Fig. la, the machine also includes a selection lever 12 which is adjustable between a central position when the machine is to carry out addition and subtraction, a lower position when the machine is to carry out multiplication, and an upper position when the machine is to carry out division. In the position illustrated in Figs. la and 2a, the lever 12 is located in a position for adding and subtracting.

The numbers which are added or subtracted disappear after each cycle of operation of the machine. Also, the

assogsss;

dividcndwhich'appears in'window 13 disappears after it is carried over into the accumulator mechanism and then appears in the right-hand part of window 15.

The multiplier appearing in window 14 and the multi-V plicandanddivisorappearing in' window 13 remain visible .inthese windows until the end of the calculation.

As is shown in Fig. 3, the entire machine-is mountedV onabasefplate 16 formed with several side wall portions 17 andwl. (Fig. 2d) tok support various parts of thev machine, the

parts

17 and 18 being diagrammatically il.

lustrated in the drawings. In addition to the above-mentioned cut-

outs

20 and 21 of cover 19, the latter is formed with a slot 22 through which the lever 12 extends.

All off the keys 1-11.' are guided in a slotted

guide plate

23,1* asis shown in Fig. 3, and in ai detent device which includes the ball members 24 for per-` mitting only one 'key to be depressed at one time.

Two of4 theseV detent vdevices may be provided, oneV for the keys 1 and the other for the keys 2-11 so that one of the latter set of keys may be depressed simultaneously'V withdepression of any one of the keys ll. The downward movement of the keys is limited by an elastic bar member 25 V*which extends over the width of the entire machine. To each of the keys there is connected a spring 26 which is also connected to the plate 23 so that'the keys `are urgedinto their upward, inoperative position. Each of the keys includes an extension 26a to which the spring'v 26 is connected, as isshown in Fig. 3.

Referring now to Figs. 2, 2a, 3 and 5, and particularly to the latter, it will be seen that the

sides

17 and 18 of the machine carry a pair'of horizontal transversely extending shafts 27 and 28 upon which ka support 29 is mounted for lateral movement, this. support -29 being.:

located behind the keys 1-11. As is shown in Fig. 2a,

a spring 30 is connected tothe support 29 and side 18 of the lmachine toresiliently lurge support 29 to the right, as

viewed in Fig. 2a. The movement of support 29 to the rightis limited by a stop member 32 mounted on lower portion 31 of the support`v 29 and'being bent therefrom,

thisstop32-having Aan inclined surface which engages a member 33 which has an inclined surface mating with.

the inclined surface of stop 32. The member 33 is xedly mounted on an elongated rod 34 which is adapted to lbe moved upon Aactuation of key 4, aswill be described below..

Thesupport 29 carries an upper swing member 35 which 'is pivotally mounted on opposite sides of the support V29, as shown in Fig. 5, this swing member 35 being provided with two rearwardly extending projections .36v

and 37. The support 29 carries below the swing member 35 nine additional swing members 38 which are similar to swing member 35 and which correspond in a downward direction to the

digits

9, 8, 7, 6 1.

`These swing members 38 are each provided, directly under the projections 36 and 37, with rearwardly extending projections 39 and '40. The swing members 38 are each provided with a forwardly extending projection 41 which is arranged to cooperate only with one key 1. each swing -member 38`being 'associated with a different key 1.k Thus, as is clearly illustrated in Fig. 5, the key stem Behind .the .carriage/29 there"are"located 'two horil zontal', transversely extending shafts 44l and' 45 upon which are slidably mounted the pin 'carriages' 46 and 47 each of which forms a Vpick-up and value representing :i

meansnfor picking up the numbers set into themachine by keys 1, `,so` that ths'ejnumbers may be transmitted-to.`

other parts ofthe mechanism. The carriages 46 and47 are independently movable son shafts 44 and 45. The left-hand carriage 46, as viewed in Fig. 2a, is urged to the left by a spring 49 which is fixed at one end to the eye 48 and which is fixed at its opposite end to the righthand side of carriage 46.4 A spring 50 is fixed at one end to the-eye-Sl 'and at its oppositefend to therighthand side of carriage 47 to urge the'latter to the left, as viewed in Fig. 2a.

Both of the'carriagesli k'and 47 are providedadjacent the upper parts thereof with pins 52 and 53, respectively, the carriage 46 carrying vertical' rows of pins 54 respectively located directly beneath each pin 52 and the carriage 47 carryingvertical rows'of pins '55 respectively located directly beneath each pin 53. All of these pins 52-55 extend through the front and rear walls of the carriages 46 and 47 which areprovided 'with slots for slidably guiding the pins `52--55. The number of vertical rows of pins corresponds to-thefnumber of digits in the` largest numeral which the'l machine is capable of handlingi The right-handpin carriage 47, as' viewed in Fig.v Z, is prevented from moving to the left under the action of spring 50 bythev engagement of one of thepin members 53l with a stop member 56,' this .latter being'pivotallv mounted at 57 and provided with a plate portion 58 fori reasons stated below." Thus, upondepression of any one of the keys 1, the swing member 38 corresponding thereto I willbe turnedby engagement of projection 41 with 'a key stem part 42, and the projection 40 ofi this swing member 38-will-push the proper -.pin55 to the rear.

thereof pushes the pin 53 resting against stop 56 to the number keyfl is depressed.V

If the machine is being used forfmultiplication, .the multiplicandfis set into the pin'carriage 47, and the mul-V tiplier is set into the pin'carirage46: In order to provide"vv independent operation of carriages 46 and 47, the pro` jections 36 and 37. of swing member 35 .as well asthe

projections

39 and 40 of swing members 38 are 'spaced' from each other by a -distance equal to the space between; corresponding vertical rows' of pins of the carriages" 46" and47 plus one half of the distance between two adjacent` Therefore, when the projectionsvertical rows of pins. 37 and 4t) are locateddirectly infront ofk a vertical row of pins of pin carriage 47, the projections 36 -and 39 will.

be located between a pair ofV -adjacent vertical rows-:of

pins of carriage 46 so thatthe latter carriage will Irem'ain" unaffected during movement of 'the' pins of carriage 47.

ln the same way when the pins of `carriage 46 are moved' by projections 36 and l39,thepins of carriage 47 remain unaffected.

The multiplication key 4, which is depressed after the multiplicand is set'into the machinel and before'the multiplier is setl into the `machne,'is `provided adjacentV its lower end with a structure similar to that shown ink Fig. 3 for the addition key 2, so as to actuate a leverV 184 pivotally'mounted on the stationary shaft 59 ex-" tending laterally across' the machine. The vrod 34, which.' was referred to above, is linked tothe lever 134, which is constructed in the same way `as the lever 96 appearing in Fig. 3, and as a result, when key 4 isy depressed, theA rod 34 `with member 33 mounted thereon is moved rear'V wardly so' that the member '33 engages-the' inclined fsurface fof 'stop 32 of the suppo-rt"29rto movefthe latter to the left by adistancefequalto one half of the space* between adjacent vertical rowsof pins;l The lkey" 4 may-'be held in its depressed position byv theV operator" while the multiplier 'is-set into the carriage 46 withthe Also, the swing member 35 will be swung` so that projection 37 keys v1,v or any suitable lock means. may be provided ,to hold key 4 depressed while the multiplier is set into the machine. lf desired, the ball'members 24 of the above-mentioned detent mechanism cooperating with the keys 2-11 may be designed to frictionally engage the key 4 to maintain the same depressed until another of the keys 2-11 is depressed, the key 11 then being designed to move any depressed keys 2-10 upward. Thus, after depression of key 4 the projections 36 and 39 will be located directly opposite the pins of carriage 46, and in this way the multiplier is set into the carriage 46, while the

projections

37 and 40 are located between a pair of adjacent vertical rows of pins of carriage 47 so that the latter remains unaffected. The pins 52 of carriage 46 are adapted to successively engage the sta tionary stop 60 (Fig. 2a) so that the carriage 46 steps to the left under the influence of spring 49 after each digit of the multiplier is set into the machine, the pins 52 cooperating with stop 60 in the same way that the above described pins 53 cooperate with the stop 56.

In order to enable the machine to render the multiplicand and multiplier visible to the operator after these numbers have been set into the machine, the pin carriages 46 and 47 are provided with

shafts

61 and 62 on which numbered wheels 63 are located, these wheels 63 being visible through the

windows

13 and 14. Each wheel 63 has fixedly connected thereto a gear 64, each gear 64 meshing with an arcuately slotted gear sector 65. The gear sectors 65 respectively extend through guide slots 66 formed on the rear wall of the carriages 46 and 47 and are guided for movements on

shafts

67 and 68 which are mounted in each of the pin carriages 46 and 47.

The numbered wheels 63 are hollow and within each of these wheels there is mounted a helical spring 69 joined at one end to the

shaft

61 or 62 and at an opposite end to the inner surface of wheel 63 so as to urge the latter to rotate with respect to

shaft

61 or 62. The springs 69 urge the wheels 63 in a clockwise direction about

shaft

61 or 62, as viewed in Fig. 3, so that the gears 64 urge the sectors 65 in a downward direction. In the rest position of sectors 65, the latter are prevented from moving downwardly by the engagement of the rearwardly extending projection 70 of each sector 65 with a lateral projection 71 of each pin 52 and 53. Upon movement of the pins 52 or 53 to the rear by projections 36 or 37 of swing member 35, the projections 71 are moved out of engagement with projections 70, and the gear sectors 65 move downwardly under the influence of spring 69 which then rotate the numbered wheels 63. Upon movement of one of the pins 54 or 55 to the rear by a

projection

39 or 40 of swing members 3S, a lateral projection 73 on each of these pin members 54 and 55 is moved into the path of movement of the lower projection 72 of a sector 65, so that the' downward movement of the latter is arrested by engagement with the lateral projection 73 of the particular pin which has been moved upon the depression of one of the keys 1. The pins 54 and 55 correspond to

numbers

9, 8, 7 l in a downward direction and the springs 69 move the sectors 65 and numbered wheels 63 by a distance corresponding to the number of the particular key 1 depressed so that this number appears in the

windows

13 and 14. No pins are provided for the digit 0 so that when a O is set into the machine a sector 65 moves downwardly until its lower end 72 engages the lower shaft 45 of the pin carriages 46 and 47.

As isshown in Fig. 2 and diagrammatically illustrated in Fig. 3, a pair of angular bar members 77, 77a extend laterally across the machine, are respectively located behind the carriages 157 and 46 and are mounted on levers .which are turnable on the shafts 75 and 76 (Fig. 2). The levers supporting bar members 77, 77a are preferably connected to

bars

107 and 107a, respectively, as will be described later, to rmove together withthe same, or they may be connected byany suitable ,mechanism such as earns and levers to the shaft 114 of the drive means so as to turn the members 77 and`77a upwardly and into engagement with the rearwardly extending upper projection 74 provided on each gear sector 65 so as to return the latter to its starting position and so as to remove the numbers from

windows

13 and 14.

Members

77a and 107a coact with each other as do members 77 and 107, respectively. Thus bars 77a and 107a can be tilted independently from members 77 and 107. The sectors at the right side of the machine, are returned into the original position simultaneously with sectors 83, while sectors 65 at the left side of the machine, are returned simultaneously with sectors 85. This zeroing occurs during the second half of the cycle.

The above described structure may be used with any suitable mechanism for transferring the numbers set into pin carriages 46 or 47 to the accumulator mechanism, although a particular differential Aactuating mechanism will now be described.

The above mentioned shaft 75, about which the zeroing bar 77 turns, is mounted on a frame 80 that is pivotally mounted on a stationary shaft 79 extending horizontally across the entire machine, as is most clearly shown in Fig. 2. The above mentioned shaft 76, located on the left side of the machine as viewed in Fig. 2, is mounted on a frame 82 in exactly the same way that shaft is mounted on frame 80, this frame 82 also being mounted on stationary shaft 79 for turning movement thereabout.

A number of gear sectors 83 are mounted on the shaft 75 for turning movement thereabout, these gear sectors 83 corresponding in number to the capacity of the machine and being adapted to transfer the numbers set into the pin carriage 47 to the accumulator mechanism located above gear sectors 83. Each gear sector83 is provided with one set of additive gear teeth 83a and one set of subtractive gear teeth 83h. To the left of sectors 83 there are mounted on the shaft 75 a plurality of gear sectors 84 having only one set of teeth corresponding to teeth 83h of sectors 83. The several sectors 84 are spaced from each other by a distance equal to the space between the several sectors 83, but the extreme right-hand sector S4 shown in Fig. 2 is spaced from the extreme left-hand sector 83 by a distance equal to one half the distance between each of the sectors 83. On the left-hand shaft 76 there are located a plurality of sectors 85 each of which includes teeth corresponding only to teeth 83a of sectors 83, these sectors 85 cooperating with a revolution counting mechanism located thereover, the number of sectors 85 corresponding to the desired capacity of the multiplier and quotient to be handled by a machine.

Over the entire groups of sectors 83, 84 and 85 there is located a carriage y86 which is laterally slidable on

guide shafts

87 and 88 which are stationary in the machine. The carriage 86 carries on the right hand side thereof, as viewed in Fig. 2, the accumulator mechanism which totalizes the results of addition, subtraction and multiplication and which takes up the dividend transferred from pin carriage 47 by' sectors 83 in a manner described below. This accumulator mechanism includes an intermediate gear 89 for each of the sectors 83 and 84 and adapted to cooperate therewith, these intermediate gears 89 each meshing with a gear 90. Each of the gears 90 has fixed thereto a numbered wheel 91 visible in the right hand part of window 15. All of the intermediate gears 89 are mounted for rotation on the shaft 92 of carriage 86, and the gears 90 and numbered wheels 91 are mounted for rotation on the shaft 93 of carriage 86, these

shafts

92 and 93 being supported by the side Walls of carriage 86. The accumulator mechanism 89, 90 includes a tens-carrying mechanism which may be of any suitable known construction.

The revolutions counter located at the left hand side of the machine is only -fragmentarily illustrated in Fig. :1.

where'there are illustrated a few gears 94 of the same construction as gears l90 `and, each having a numbered Iwheel 95 tixed'theret'o. An, intermediate gear 89a similar'to v'gear 89 is associated with each of the gears 94 vand cooperates with the gear sectors 85 in the same way that 4intermediate lgears 89 cooperate with gear sectors 83 and 84. The gears 94- and numbered wheels 95 are rof ta'tabl'y" mounted onl thesameshaft 93 which supports niembersf90 and 91 and theintermediate gears 89a of ,the revolution. countery are rotatably mounted on` the same shaft 92 as theint'e'rmediat'e'gears 89. The revolutions counter also includes a. tens-carrying mechanism which may be of any suitable construction.

, The gear sectors 83 are each connected to a spring I105 which urges the .gear sector connected thereto in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 3. Each of the .gear sectors include a lower forwardly extending projection 104 which, in the position of rest of gear sectors 83, rests upon the upper edge of a tiltable rail member 101. "This rail member 101 is part of a boxlike structure which is mounted for rotation on a stationary shaft 102 extending across the machine, this structure including a cross rod 100 to which the rod 98 is linked, this rod 98 being linked to the lever 96 mounted 4for rotation on the stationary shaft v59, as shown in Fig. 3. vThe spring 99 (Fig. 4) urges the bar member 98 to the left, as Viewed in Figs. 3 and 4, so as to tend to rotate rail member 101 in a clockwise" direction. Upon depression of one of the

function keys

2 or 3, the rod 98 is moved to the right against the action of yspring 99 and rotates the rail member101 in a counterclockwise direction so that the latter moves away from projections 104 of sectors 83 and the latter are thereby freed to the inuence of springs 105 so as to be rotated in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in Figs. 3 and 4. The sectors 83 are respectively provided with forwardly extending projections 106 which are respectively adapted to engage the pins 55 movedto the rear of carriage 47. Thus, when a number 9 is set into the device, one of the gear sectors 83 will turn through a very small distance, as shown in Fig. 4, and as the numbers decrease in value a gear sector 83 will turnthrough larger distances before engaging one of the pins 55. When a O is set into the machine, none of the pins of the pin carriages 46 and 47 will be moved, as was described above, and in this event a gear sector 83 will engage the upper edge of a rail member 107 which is mounted on the zeroing lever 108, the latter being mounted on shaft 75 for rotation thereabout. It will be noted from Fig. 2 that subtractive teeth 83h of sectors 83 are displaced from the additive teeth 83a by a distance equal to one half of the distance between adjacent sectors 83.

A tiltable rail 101a, similar to rail 101, cooperates with the gear sectors 85. This rail 101a extends, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. over all gear sectors 85 and these gear sectors 85 rest in the rest position thereof on the upper edge of rail member 101a, which is also part of a boxlike structure. By depressing of either key 2 or 3, rail 101 will be turned counterclockwise, the motion being imparted over

members

96, 98 and 100. A similar counterclockwise rotation of rail 101 is obtained by pressing key 4, operating in conjunction with

members

184, 34 and 100, whereby sectors 83 and the right plate 103 will become disengaged, as is more fully explained later on. By depressing of key 5, rail 101a is tilted with the aid of

members

185, 59, 186 and 187, whereby sectors 85 and the left plate 103 are operated.

During multiplication with digits 1-5 and addition the intermediate gears89, which are rotatable on shaft 92, mesh with the tooth portions 83a of sectors 83, while during multiplication with digits 6-9 and subtraction, the intermediate gears 89, as a result of a lateral movement of carriage 86 by structure to be described below, mesh withtooth portions- 83h `ofrsectors 83.

'fter ril 101 has been turned so as *to permitjtlie sectors 83 to turn under the influence of springs'v105 to an extent determined by the position of thepins of pin carriage 47, the gear sectors 83 are not yet in mesh with yintermediate gears y89 because the sectors 83 are in the lower position illustrated in the drawings. It is only duringthe calculating cycle that the sectors 83 are raised into lmeshing engagement with intermediate gears 89 by a structure now to be described.4 i

On the right hand vside of sectors 83A and on the left side vof sectors 85, as viewed in Fig. 2, there are respec; tively'located sector-like plate members 103 which are pivotally mounted on the axes 75 and 76, respectively, these plates 103 each being provided with a curved slot 109, 'as illustrated inFigs. 3 and 4. Each plate 103 is provided with a projection 110 which bears against the upper'ed'ge lof rail 101er 10101, respectively, when eacli plate'103 is in its position of, rest, a spring 111 being connected to each plate 103 and urging projection 110 against the rail. Upon counterclockwise turning of

rail

101, or 101a, respectively, as viewed in Figs. 3 and 4, the respective rail frees one of plates 103 to the influence of springs 11.1, and the slot 103 formed in each plate 103 moves over the rail until the upper edge of this slot rests against the rail. This movement of plate 103 starts the drive` motor of the machine in a manner to be de-` scribed below.

On the shaft' 75 and on opposite sides of the sectors 83 and 84 there are pivotally mounted two levers 115 through which a shaft 116 passes, this shaft 116 pivotally supporting a bail 117 which is provided with a pin 118 located in slot 109 of right plate 103, as viewed in Fig. 2, this slot having one portion located further from shaft 75 than another portion thereof. Shaft 116 extends freely through cutouts in sectors 83 and is fixed to all sectors 84 so that sectors 84 move with shaft 116. The projection of plate 103 at the right of Fig. 2 extends to a greater distance from the shaft 75 than the projections 104 of sectors 83 so that, upon turning of rail 101, as was described above, the sectors 83 are first released to the influence of springs 105, and then this plate 103 is released to the influence of spring 111. Thus, after the sectors 83 have turned so that their projections 106 engage pins S5 of carriage 47, the right plate 103 of Fig. 2 turns and moves its slot 109 over the pin 118 so as to move the latter upwardyl. The sectors 83 are each formed with an opening having an upper edge portion formed with grooves and the bail 117 cai? ries a locking bar 119 which extends freely through cutouts of sectors 84 and through all of the openings of sectors 83 (Fig. 3a). Thus, the upward movement of vpin 118 causes an upward movement of locking bar 119l so that the latter enters into a groove 120 of each sector 83 and in this way locks the sectors 83 to the levers 115 which are rotatably mounted on shaft 75, as describe above.

The above described

elements

103, 115, 116, 117, 118, 109, and 119 which are located on the right side of the machine as viewed in Fig. 2 and associated with the sectors 83 is repeated on the left side of the machine where this structure is associated with the sectors 85 which are formed with cutouts and have grooves 120 to cooperate with a locking bail in the manner described above.

The right hand lever 115, as viewed in Fig. 2, is pivotally connected to a driving bar 121 which is formed with an elongated slot 122 located about the main operating shaft 114 which extends laterally across the machine, as shown in Fig. 2. Rotatably mounted on the driving bar 121 are a pair of

rollers

123 and 124, these rollers being located on opposite sides of a cam 125 turnably mounted on shaft 114, cam 125 being eccentrically mounted so as to cause reciprocating movement of driving bar 121. The movement of driving bar 121 causes turning movementfoflevers l115 onshaft 75r and this way -causes a' esmas similar turning movement of al1 sectors 83 which are locked to levers 115 by the locking bar 119, as described above. Because of the above construction all of the sectors 83 are turned through the same angle so that, in accordance with the particular angular relationship of sectors 83 determined by pins 55, more or less of the two portions 83a and 83b will engage the intermediate gears 89.

In order to bring about this latter engagement of sectors 83 with gears 89, the frame 80, upon which shaft '75 is mounted, is pivotally mounted about the stationary shaft 79, the yframe 80 having a pair of extensions v126 and 127 at its right hand end, as viewed in Fig. 4, these extensions being respectively provided with

rollers

128 and 129. The rollers 12S and 129 engage the periphery of a cam 130 turnably mounted on the main shaft 114 of the machine, and this cam 130 is so formed that the shaft 75 and the sectors 83 and plate 103 therewith are bodily shifted back and forth in opposite directions about shaft 79 during one rotation of cam 130. The

cams

125 and 130 are connected to cam 145 by any means known in the art, to turn with cam 145 when the latter is coupled with shaft 114, as will be described later on, and they are so shaped and located out of phase with respect to each other that the cam 130 first turns the frame 80 in a clockwise direction about shaft 79 so as to move sectors 83 into mesh with intermediate gears 89, and then the cam 125 moves the driving bar 121 to the right, as viewed in Fig. 4, so that the sectors 83 are thereby turned in a clockwise direction about shaft 75. As a result of this arrangement a particular member of teeth of each sector 83 engages an intermediate gear 89 in accordance with the position of each sector 83 determined by a pin 55.

The arrangement is such that as sectors 83 are turned through greater distances by engagement with progressively lower pins 55, less additive teeth 83a and more subtra-ctive teeth 8311 engage the intermediate gears 89. Since the pins 55 of each vertical row correspond in a downward direction to

numbers

9, 8, 7, 6, l the additive teeth 83a turn the intermediate gears 89 through an angle corresponding and proportional to the digit represented by a particular pin 55, and the subrractive teeth 8319 turn the intermediate gears 89 through an angle corresponding and proportional to the complement of the particular digit represented by a pin 55, this complement being the difference between 9 and the latter digit represented by pin 55. The nines complement is used for all orders except the units with which a tens complement is used or, instead, a special fugitive one mechanism may be provided.

Upon termination of the above described turning movement of the sectors 83, the frame 80 is turned back to its original position that shaft 79 by the cam 130 so that the sectors 83 are swung downwardly out of mesh with gears 89. During the remaining part of a revolution of the main operating shaft 114 of the machine, the frame 80 and its shaft 75 remain stationary while the cam 125 moves the driving bar 121 and pair of levers 115 back to their original position. During the time that this latter operation is taking place the tens-carrying mechanism operates on gears 90.

The elongated member 107 which is mounted on lever 10S, the latter being turnable about shaft 75, is adapted to return the sectors 83 and right plate 103 back to their original position. It will be noted that during clockwise turning of member 107 the lower edge portion thereof will engage the pins 55 of carriage 47 to return them to their original position. The zeroing members 77 and 107 may be operated by any suitable mechanism (not shown). It should be noted that the zeroing member 107 spans only the gear sectors 84 and 83 located on the right side (as viewed n Fig. 2) of the calculating machine, whereas a separate zeroing member 107a is PrQvided which spans the scar sectors 85. Likewise, the

zeroing member 77 spans only the sectors 65 located on the right side of the calculating machine whereas a separate zeroing member 77a is provided for zeroing the sectors 65 located on the left side of the calculating machine. For example, these members may be interconnected by a spring so that the movement of one of these members causes a resilient following movement in the other member. These members may be controlled, for example, by connection with two suitably shaped cams on shaft 114. The left cam actuates members 77a and 1070, whereby sectors 65 and pins 54 of the left carriage 46, as well as sectors and left plate 103 are brought back into the original position. The right cam acts upon members 77 and 107, whereby sectors 65 and pins 55 of the right carriage 47, as well as sectors 83 and right plate 103 are returned to the original position. Each of the cams may be driven from drive shaft 114 by means of a coupling similar to the one indicated in Fig. 3, reference numerals 146-149. The cams may also reset the members automatically at the end of a calculation cycle. The left cam, however, may be also coupled with drive shaft 114 by pressing key 8, and the right cam by pressing key 10.

During multiplication with digits l-S and during addition, the sectors S3 remain in engagement with intermediate gears 89 until the end of their clockwise turning movement so that they leave the gears 39 at a turning speed of zero and in this way an overrunning of gears 90 is avoided. During multiplication with digits 6-9 and during subtraction, the tooth portions 83b move away from the intermediate gears 89 just at the moment when the sectors 83 are at their highest rotating speed, and therefore a suitable pawl device such as that illustrated diagrammatically at 131 in Figs. 3 and 4 must be provided to prevent overrunning of gears 90.

In order to avoid an excessive loading on the pins 55 by the sectors 83, the grooves and locking bar 119 are so arranged that upon raising of locking bar 119 by the engagement of pin 118 and slot 109, as described above, the sectors 83 are raised a slight distance, such as, for example, 0.6 mm., to remove the weight of these sectors from the pins of the carriage 47.

The following mechanism is used to start the operation of the machine:

On the stationary shaft 59 which is located beneath the entire keyboard there is located, in the region of the lower portion of

keys

2 and 3, a lever 96 which is located beneath both of these keys and which is linked to the rod 98 connected to cross rod 100 of the structure to which rail 101 is connected. The right plate 103 turns under the influence of spring 111 upon turning of rail 101 in a counterclockwise direction, as was described above. As is shown in Figs. 3 and 4, a pivot pin 134 is iixedly mounted on the plate 103 and pivotally supports a pawl member 132 which is urged by spring 133 in a clockwise direction about pin 134 and which is provided with a lower extension 135. The pawl 132 engages, with its extension 135, an upper arm 136 mounted for turning movement on the stationary shaft 102, as shown in Fig. 3, this pawl 136 being urged in a clockwise direction about shaft 1552 by spring 138.

On the stationary shaft 79 there are pivotally mounted a pair of double arm levers 140 and 141 which are located beside each other. In Fig. 3, the lever 140 appears in front of the lever 141 and is urged by spring 142 in a counterclockwise direction about shaft 79, this lever 140 having on its left arm a bent stop portion 143 which, when the machine is in its position of rest, bears against the upper portion 139 of pawl 136. The right-hand arm of lever 140 is provided with a similar stop portion 144 which, in the position of rest of the machine, bears against a clutch pawl member 146. The latter pawl member is pivotally mounted on a cam 145 that is loosely mounted on shaft 114 for free rotation with respect thereto, this clutch pawl 146 being held by lever 140, against the 137 o-f a second pawl decadas 11 action of leaf spring 147 which bears at one end thereof against clutch pawl 146, in a position away from the ratchet wheel 149 lixedly mounted on shaft 114 for rotation therewith so that the tooth 148 of pawl 146 does not mesh with the teeth of wheel 149.

The spirally shaped cam 145 is provided with the stop portion 150 which, in the position of rest of the machine, bears against the roller 152 of the double armed lever 141, the latter being urged in a counterclockwise direction about shaft 79 by the spring 151. The lever 141 is provided with a lower arm 153 which carries an electrically insulated roller 154. Upon turning of the cam 145, the lever 141 will be rotated in a clockwise direction against the action of spring 151, and the roller 154 will then move upwardly against a springy pair of contact members 155 which are located in the circuit of the motor 112 of the machine. These contacts `155 are mounted on a lower arm 156 of the lever 140 and are closed when, upon turning of lever 140 in a counterclockwise direction, the contacts 155 move against the insulated roller 154.

The above described mechanism for starting motor 112, which through gearing 113 drives the main operating shaft 114 of the machine, was described with reference to the calculating mechanism on the right hand side of the machine, as viewed in Fig. 2. It should be noted, as was mentioned above, that the above-mentioned shaft 116 which is connected to levers 115, is rigidly fixed to the gear sectors 84 located to the left of sectors 83 so that during subtraction and division nines will be turned into the machine by the sectors 84. v

The left hand calculating mechanism which operates as a revolution counter and whose sectors 85 are provided only with additive gear teeth is provided with a control and starting mechanism exactly as described above. This control and starting mechanism comprises a driving bar 121 carrying

rollers

123 and 124, a cam 1 25, a frame 80 with the

rollers

128 and 129, a lever 140 with the controls 155, a lever 141, a cam 150 and the parts cooperating with these elements as shown in Fig. 3.- This mechanism is a mirror image of the above described structure since the plate 103 for this left-hand mechanism is located on the left side of sectors 85, as shown in Fig. 2, while the plate 103 for sectors 83 is located on the right side of the latter. Also, as was pointed out above, the locking bail structure described above is also located in operative relation to the sectors 85.

Beneath the multiplication key 4, as was described above, there is provided a lever 184 similar to lever 96, this lever 184 being shown in Figs. 2a and 3a and being connected to the rod 34 as described above. The rod 34 is connected to the cross rod 100 of the structure supporting rail 101 so that upon actuating of key 4 the right plate 103 and sectors 83 are released to the action of the springs connected thereto. Beneath the function key 5, which is depressed after both of the numbers to be multiplied have been placed into the machine, there is located a lever 185, shown in Figs. 2a and 3a, similar to lever 96 except that this lever 185 is lixed to the shaft 59 which is mounted for turning movement about its axis on the side supports 17 and 18. Adjacent the left end of shaft 59 there is fixed a lever 186 which extends downwardly and which is connected to a rod 187 which actuates the sectors 85 of the revolution counter the same way that the rod 98 actuates the sectors 83, the sectors S5 cooperating with the pins 54 of carriage 46 in the same way that the sectors 83 `cooperate with the pins 55 of carriage 47. Lever 187, being actuated by key 5, moves 101a in a similar fashion as

rods

98 and 34 turn rail 101, whereby sectors 85 and the left sector 103 of the revolution counter become disengaged.

The carriage 86 can be driven to the left as well as to the right side by changing the position of selection lever 12.l The specific 'arrangementtherefor is 'notfsubject of the present invention and is disclosed in U. S. Patents No. 1,968,201 and 1,912,133. The control of the lateral stepby-step movement of carriage 86, as used for performing an automatic, foreshortened multiplication is executed by a known mechanism, such as, for instance, described in the above-mentioned U. S. Patent 1,968,201. During this operation the carriage 86 moves from left to right. (See especially the chapter Carriage of page 2 of the Patent 1,968,201 and the Figs. 1, 7a and 13a thereof.)

Control of the lateral step-'by-step movement of carriage 86, as utilized in performing an automatic division is also done by known means, as disclosed, for instance, in the U. S. Patent No. 1,912,133. (See especially Fig. 4

- of this patent and the description thereof starting with line 72 of page 2 of the specication thereof.) During that operation the carriage 86 moves from right to left. I In .order to be able to use the entire capacity of the', machine for division, the right hand pin carriage 47 must be moved to an extreme left hand position after the dividend is set into the machine. For this purpose the division key 6 is provided with an extension 208 extending to the right, as shown in Fig. 2a. This extension 208 is located over the plate portion 58 of the turnable stop 56 and therefore, when the key 6 is depressed the extension 208 depresses plate portion 58 to turn stop 56 out of engagement with an upper pin 53 of carriage 47. In this way the carriage 47 is released and drawn to the left by the spring 50 until the carriage 47 strikes against the lever 209. This lever is mounted for turning movement on a shaft 210, xed to the base 16 of the machine, and is linked to the bar 211 which is connected to the cross rod so that the sectors 83 and right plate 103 turn when the carriage 47 strikes against lever 209.

In order to obtain the quotient, the pin carriage 47, into which the divisor as well as the dividend is set, must again be moved to the extreme left position. Therefore the key 7 is provided with an extension 213 which cooperates with stop 56 in the same way as extension 208 of key 6. The division process is controlled and carried out in a manner similar to that shown in the German Patent 418,445 and it is mentioned that the above-referred to U. S. Patent 1,912,133 corresponds to this German patent.

The zeroing members 77 and 107 have been described above. Any suitable device, several of which are known to persons skilled in the art, may -be provided to return the carriages 46 and 47 to their original position of rest. See for example U. S. Patent 2,034,345, which discloses a device which, with obvious modilications, may be usedto return the pin carriages 46 and 47 (See especially Fig. 5 and the description thereof starting with line 40 of page l in the specification of the mentioned patent.)

The above described machine operates as follows:

In order to carry out an addition, the selection lever 12 is moved to the central position, as illustrated in Fig. 1a, the carriage 86 controlled by this lever 12 is located in such a position, that the gears 89 of the right-hand accumulator mechanism are in line with the additive gear teeth 83a of the sectors 83, by a mechanism described in the above-mentioned U. S. Patent No. 1,912,133.

The keys 1 are depressed in order to set the numbers to be added into the machine. These keys turn the swing members 38 so that the right hand projections 40 move the proper pins 55 to the rear. After each key 1 turns a corresponding swing member 38, it turns the swing member 35 so that the projection 37 will move the Vpin 53 engaging stop 56 to the rear, and as a result the pin carriage 47 steps to the left under the action of spring 50 until the next pin 53 engages the stop 56. In this way the successive digits of the numbers to be added are set into the machine. The movement of pins 53 and 5S causes the tooth sectors 65 to turn under the action of springs 69 until their lower projections 72 respectively engage the lateral projections-of pins 55 which have been.

-13 moved to the rear, so that the number which has been depressed appears in the window 13.

After a particular number to be added has been set into the machine, the addition key 2 is depressed. As a result, the lever 96 is turned in a counterclockwise direction about shaft 59 so that the bar 98 turns rail 101 in a counterclockwise direction about shaft 102. The sectors 83 and the right plate 103 shortly thereafter are thereby released to the action of springs 105 and 11, respectively, so that the projections 106 of the sectors 83 engage the pins 55 which have been moved to the rear by keys 1. As was mentioned above, there is no pin 55 corresponding to a zero, and therefore the sector 83 corresponding to vthis digit turns until it engages the upper edge portion of rail 107.

The turning of right plate 103 causes the pawl 132 pivotally mounted thereon to strike with its lower arm 13,5' against the upper arm 137 of pawl 136 so as to turn the latter in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 3, these pawls cooperating after sectors 83 have been locked in a predetermined angular relationship by bar 119. As a result, the double-armed lever 140, which up to this time was resting on the upper portion 139 of pawl 136, is released from engagement with pawl 136 and therefore turns under the action of spring 142 in a counterclockwise direction about shaft 79. This causes the springy contacts 155 mounted on the lower arm 156 of lever 140 to move into engagement with the insulated roller 154 mounted on the lower arm 153 of lever 141, these contacts 155 being pressed together by this movement so as to close the circuit to motor 112. The latter then drives the gearing 113 which is connected to the main operating shaft 114 of the machine, and this shaft then rotates in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 3.

The turning of lever 140 under the action of spring 142 causes the end 144 of lever 140 to move out of engagement with the clutch pawl 146 so that the latter is released to the influence of spring 147 and is moved downwardly so that its tooth 148 engages with the ratchet wheel 149 xedly mounted on shaft 114 so as to cause the cam 145 to rotate with shaft 114. This turning of cam 145 in a counterclockwise direction, as viewed in Fig. 3, produces a clockwise turning of lever 141 about shaft 79 so that the insulated roller 154 constantly holds the contacts 155 together and at the same time through the contactS and part 156 turns the lever 140 in a clockwise direction about shaft 79 against the action of spring 142 until the left hand stop 143 of lever 140 again engages the portion 139 of pawl 136. At the end of a rotation of shaft 114, the roller 152 of shaft 141 falls behind the

step

1,50 of cam 145 and thereby opens the circuit suddenly. Since the motor and the gearing connected thereto turn a :further distance due to inertia, the clutch pawl 146 presses against the right-hand stop 144 of lever 140 and is moved away from ratchet wheel 149 so that the cam 145 is no longer coupled to the shaft 114.

During the above described operations, the sectors 83 were moved to turn the intermediate gears 89 by

members

121, 115, 117 and 119 in the manner already described above. In this way the numbers transferred to the sectors 83 by pins 55 are turned into the accumulator. Toward the end of the above-described rotation of shaft 114, the zeroing devices return the parts of the machine to their original positions so that the pins 55 of carriage 47 are zeroed and the sectors 65 are again in their position of rest, in a manner as outlined more detailed in U.S. Patent No. 1,957,617 and 2,034,345, showing similar devices. (See for instance Figs. 9 and 10 of the Patent No. 1,957,617, and page 3, lines 25-107 of the specication.)

In order to carry out a subtraction with the abovedescribed structure, the numbers to be subtracted are set info the machine in the same way as with addition. However, upon actuation ofthe subtraction key 3, the carriage 86 is moved to the right by a distance corresponding to one half of the space between -a pair of adjacent sectors 83, by a mechanism described in the above-mentioned U.S. 'Patent No. 1,912,133. (See especially page 2, linesA 33 and following of the specification of this patent.) As a result the intermediate gears 89 are now no longer in line with the additive teeth 83a, but instead are in line with the subtractive teeth 83b so as to mesh with the latter when the frame is raised in the manner described above. The teeth 83b subtract by rotating in the same direction as teeth 83a and turning into the mechanism above sectors 83a a value which is the complement of the numbers set into the machine by the keys 1.

In order to carry out a multiplication the selection lever 12 is moved into the lower position shown in Fig. 1a. In this way the carriage 86 is moved to the left, in a manner described in U.S. Patent 1,968,201.

The keys 1 are first depressed to set the multiplicand into the machine. In the same manner as with addition, the right-hand pin carriage 47 is actuated by the keys 1 at this time and steps to the left as described above. The multiplicand is then visible in the window 13 of cover 19. After the multiplicand is set into the machine, the key 4 is depressed. This causes a turning of the lever 184 which moves the rod 34 and the member 33 Xedly mounted thereon so as to move the inclined stop member 32 and carriage 29 therewith to the left by a distance equal to one half of the distance between adjacent vertical rows of pins on the carriages 46 and 47. At the same time, the rod 34 acts on the cross rod 100 to turn the rail 101 so as to free the sectors 83 which thereby take up the multiplicand. A device, of any suitable construction (not shown), is provided to prevent the turning of the accumulator mechanism on the right hand side of the machine as well as to prevent the zeroing ofv the pins 55 and sectors 65 of the right hand pin carriage 47, this device also preventing the return of this carriage 47 to its original position. For example, this device may take the form of any known means for preventing closing of the contacts upon movement of rod 34 so that the motor cannot operate. The multiplier is then set into the machine by the keys 1 which at this time, as a result of the leftward movement of support 29, actuate the pins of carriage 46 so that this carriage takes up the multiplier and steps to the left, in the same way as carriage 47,

under the action of spring 49. The multiplier then appears in window 14 of cover 19.

After both of the numbers to be multiplied have been set into the machine, the key 5 is depressed. The key 5, through lever 185, turns the shaft 59 about its axis so as to also turn the lever 186 and bar 187 connected thereto so as to operate the sectors 85 to set the multiplier into the revolution counting mechanism 89a, 94. After the multiplier has been set into Athe revolution counter, the multiplicand is turned into the right-hand accumulator mechanism by the known shortened multiplication process mentioned above. At the end of this process the carriage 86 rests against a stop member 212 located at the right hand end of the guide shaft 87 of the carriage, as shown in Fig. 1.

The

function keys

8, 9, 10 and 11 are provided for zeroing purposes in order to remove certain numbers from the machine. The exact construction of the zeroing structure associated with keys 8-11 forms no part of the present invention and is not illustrated in the drawings. The various keys 8-10 serve to zero separate parts of the mechanism while the key 11 zeroes the entire machine.

In order to carry out a division, the selection lever 12 is moved to the upper position shown in Fig. la. The moving of the lever 12 into this upper position causes the carriage 86 to shift to the right in a manner described in the above-mentioned U.S. Patent 1,912,133.

following of the" (See especially page 2, lines 75 and specification of this patent.) The dividend is then set into the machine with the keys 1 and is picked up by the pin carriage 47, the dividend appearing in window 13 of the cover 19. Then the division key 6 is depressed so as toraise the stop 56 and bring about a movement of carriage 47 to the left under the action of spring 50 until the carriage 47 strikes against the lever 209. In

` this way the bar 211 is moved to the rear, so as to turn cross rod 100 and rail 101 therewith to permit the lsectors 83 to take up the dividend set into the pin carriage 47. 'I'he operation of the machine at this point is the same as that which takes place during addition and the .dividend appears in the right hand part of window 15. The' dividend is removed from carriage 47 by the machine and the divisor is then set into the machine in the same way as the dividend and is received in the pin carriage 47. Then the key 7 is depressed so that the extension 213y again turns the stop 56 to free the carriage 47 to the influence of `spring 50 so that the carriage 47 again engages the lever 209. In the meantime a known mechanism of the type shown for example in the above mentioned U.S. Patent No. 1,912,133 and described on page 2, line 75 and following thereof for automatically carrying out av division has been moved into its operative position. The key 7 moves the carriage 86 to the right by a' distance equal to one half of the space between a pair of adjacent sectors 83, and the intermediate gears 89 are therefore in line with the subtractive teeth 83b' ofsectors 83 so as to mesh with the latter and suhtract the divisor from the dividend in a known manner. In this way the number of revolutions for each position of the mechanism during the division process is turned into the revolution counter so that the latter gives the quotient.

IThe invention described above and claimed below is also disclosed in co-pending applications having Serial- Numbers 262,722 (filed December 2l, 1951) now Patent No. 2,742,228; 264,774 (tiled January 3, 1952) now Patent No. 2,667,307; and 265,431 (filed January 8, 1952) n ow Patent No. 2,722,383.

-It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other types of calculating machines differing from the types described above.

, -While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a calculating machine adapted to carry out all four types of calculations with a single keyboard of ten keys, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

l. A calculating machine, comprising in combination, aset of keys for setting a number into the machine; a valve representing means operatively connected to said keys to be set by the same; a plurality of gear sectors located beside each other and being mounted on the machine for rotation about a single axis, said gear sectors being located adjacent to said value representing means to cooperate therewith; spring means associated with said gear sectors for urging the same about said single axis into engagement with said valve representing means so that said sectors will assume a particular angular relationship with respect to each other; releasable locking means associated with said gear sectors for locking the same in said angular relationship; a main operating shaft mounted on the machine for operating the same; and moving means interconnecting said locked gear sectors and said main operating shaft for simultaneously moving said gear sectors through a single angular distance away from said valve representing means.

v,2. In a calculating machine, in combination, a ten-key keyboard for setting a number into the machine; a pickup means operatively connected to said keys for picking up the number set into the machine by the same, said pick-up means including a pin carriage; a plurality of gear sectors located beside each other and being mounted onjthe machine for rotation about a 4single axis, said gear agences' sectors being located adjacentto said pick-up means to' cooperate therewith; spring means associated with said gear sectors for urging the same into engagement with the set pins of said pick-up means so lthat said sectors will assume a particular angular relationship with respect to each other; releasable locking means associated with said gear sectors for locking the same in said angular relationship; operating means connected to said locking means for operating the same; a main operating shaft mounted on the machine for operating the same; moving means interconnecting said locked gear sectors and said main operating shaft for simultaneously moving said gear sectors through a single angular distance away from said pick-up means; a result indicating means located over said gear sectors and comprising a plurality of gears which are out of mesh with said gear sectors when the latter are in their inoperative position; and tilting means operatively connected to said gear sectors and main operating shaft for shifting said gear sectors into meshing engagement with said gears of said result indicating means after said sectors have been locked in said angular relationship.

3. In a calculating machine, in combination, a ten-key keyboard for setting a number into the machine; a pickup means operatively connected to said keys for picking vup the number set into the machine by the same, said pick-up means including a pin carriage; a plurality of gear sectors located beside each other and being mounted on the machine for rotation about a single axis, said gear sectors being located adjacent to said pick-up means to cooperate therewith and said gear sectors being located apart from each other by a predetermined distance, said gear sectors each being provided with a set of additive teeth and a set of subtractive teeth which are laterally offset with respect to said additive teeth, the subtractive teeth of said gear sectors also being spaced from each other by said predetermined distance; spring means associated with said gear sectors for urging the same intoA engagement with the set pins of said pick-up means so that said sectors will assume a particular angular relationship with respect to each other; releasable locking means associated with said gear sectors for locking the,l same in said angular relationship; operating means connected to said locking means for operating the same; a, main operating shaft mounted on the machine for oper,- ating the same; and moving means interconnecting said; locked gear sectors and said main operating shaft for simultaneously moving said gear sectors through a singlel angular distance away from said pick-up means. 1

4. In a calculating machine, in combination, a ten-keyj keyboard for setting a number into the machine;`a pickup means including a pin carriage and being operatively-` connected to said keys for picking up the number setinto the machine by the same; a plurality of gear sectors located beside each other and being mounted on the ina-1 chine for rotation about a single axis, said gear sectors" being located adjacent to said pick-up means to cooperate therewith; spring means associated with said gear sectors for urging the same into engagement with set pins of said pick-up means so that said sectors will assume a particular angular relationship with respect to each other;

releasable locking means associated with said gear sectors for locking the same in said angular relationship; control means operatively connected to said locking means for moving the same into and out of a locking position; va i main operating shaft mounted on the machine for oper- A.

ating the same; and moving means interconnecting said locked gear sectors and said main operating shaft for I simultaneously moving said gear sectors through a singley angular distance away from said pick-up means.

atively connected to said keys for picking up the number setntqthevmachineby the Samara pluralityofsiearf.

sectors located beside eachotherv and being mounted on the machine for rotation about a single axis, said gear sectors being located adjacent to said pick-up means to cooperate therewith and each being provided with a projection extending to a predetermined distance from said axis; spring means associated with said gear sectors for urging the same into engagement with set pins of said pick-up means so that said sectors will assume a particular angular relationship with respect to each other; releasable locking means associated with said gear sectors for locking the same in said angular relationship; control means operatively connected to said locking means for moving the same into and out of a locking position, said control means comprising a plate member located beside said gear sectors and also being mounted for rotation about said axis, said plate member having a projection extending to a further distance from said axis than said projections of said gear sectors, and a spring operatively connected to said plate member for urging the same toward said pick-up means; a stop rail mounted for tilting movement on the machine and, in one position,

engaging said projections of said gear sectors and platemember to maintain the same in an inoperative position against the action of said spring means and spring, respectively, whereby, when said stop rail is tilted to release said sectors and plate member the latter will be released after said sectors are released so that said locking means does not operate until said sectors have asl'I sumed said angular relationship; a main operating shaft mounted on the machine for operating the same; and moving means interconnecting said locked gear sectors and said main operating shaft for simultaneously moving said gear sectors through a single angular distance away from said pick-up means.

6. A calculating machine, comprising in combination, a stationary first shaft; a frame mounted on said stationary shaft for turning movement thereabout; a second shaft parallel to said first shaft and mounted on said frame for movement therewith; a plurality of gear sectors mounted on said second shaft for turning movement thereon and being adapted to assume a particular angular relationship with respect to each other, said relationship corresponding to a number set into the machine; means for moving said sectors simultaneously to a position where they have said angular relationship; an accumulator located over said gear sectors and including a plurality of gears spaced from said gear sectors when said frame is in an inoperative position; a main operating shaft parallel to said rst shaft and being mounted in the machine on the opposite side of said first shaft from said second shaft; rst cam means mounted on said operating shaft and engaging said framefor tilting the same about said first shaft so as to move said gear sectors -into mesh with-said gears of said accumulator and second cam means mounted on said oper-4 ating shaft and operatively connected to said gear sectors for turning said sectors after tilting of saidlframe so that said gear sectors turn said gears of said accumulator.

7. In a calculating machine, in combination, a shaft; a plurality of gear sectors mounted on said shaft for turning movement thereabout and each being formed with an opening having an upper edge portion formed with a plurality of grooves extending thereacross; adjustable stop means adapted to be set in a position corresponding to a given number set into the machine and being located in the path of turning movement ofsaid gear sectors about said shaft forstopping said gear sectors respectively in positions where they have a predetermined angular relationship with respect to each other corresponding to said given number;,a locking bar extending through said openings of said gear, sectors; rst moving means operatively engaging said locking bar for moving the same into a groove of each sector so as to lock and maintain said sectors in said angular relationship with respect to each other; and second moving respect to said stop means to move said sectors out of engagement with said stop means while said locking bar maintains said sectors in said relationship.

8. In a calclulating machine, in combination, a shaft; a plurality of gear sectors mounted on said shaft for angular adjustment thereabout and being adapted to assume an angular relationship with respect to each other, said relationship corresponding to a number set into the machine, said gear sectors each being formed with an opening having an upper edge portion formed with a plurality of grooves extending thereacross; a locking bar extending through said openings of said gear sectors; a support member xedly connected to said locking bar to support the same; mounting means rotatably mounted on said shaft and mounting said support member for turning movement about an axis parallel to said shaft so that said locking bar turns about said axis upon movement of said support member; a pin member xedly mounted on said support member; a plate member mounted on said shaft beside said gear sectors for turning movement about said shaft and being formed with a curved slot into which said pin member extends and which at one portion thereof is located at a further distance from said shaft than another portion thereof, whereby, when said plate member is turned about said shaft so as to move said one portion of said slot into engagement with said pin, said `locking bar is moved into a groove of each of said gear sectors to maintain the same in said angular relation-v ship.

9. In a calculating machine, in combination, a shaft; a plurality of gear sectors mounted on said shaft for angular adjustment thereabout and being adapted to assume an angular relationship with respect to each other, said relationship corresponding to a number set into the machine, said. gear sectors each being formed with an opening having an upper edge portion formed with a plurality of grooves extending thereacross; a locking bar extending through said openings of said gear sectors; moving means operatively connected to said locking bar for moving the same about an axis parallel to said shaft to and from a locking position in a groove of each of said sectors so as to lock the latter in said angular relationship; a main operating shaft mounted on the machine for operating the same; a driving bar operatively connected to said locking bar for moving the same about said shaft; and cam means mounted on said main operating shaft and being operatively connected to said driving bar for moving the same, whereby, when said main operating shaft is rotated and said locking bar is in said locking position thereof, said driving bar is moved so as to move said locking bar and gear sectors locked thereby about said shaft. 7

l0. In a calculating machine, in combination, a shaft; a plurality of'gear sectors mounted on said shaft for angular adjustment v.t'liereabout and being adapted to assume an angular relationship with respect toy each other, said relationship corresponding'to a number set into themachine, said gear sectors each being formed with an opening havy movement about an axis parallel to said shaft so that said locking bar turns about said axis upon movement of said support member; apin member lixedly mounted on said support member; a plate member mounted Ion said shaft beside said gear sectors for turning movement about said shaft and being formed with a curved slot into which said pin member extends and which at one portion thereof is s. located ata ,further distance Yfrornzsaidshaftthan another... portion thereof,`.whereby, ,when saidfplate .member, is..

turned. about said shaft soy as tomove saidone portion ofsaid slot .into engagement withsaidpin, said,locking bar is moved intoa groove of each -of said gearsectors to maintain the same in said angular relationship,.said vplate member being provided with a projection extendingto a distance from saidshaft greater than said predetermined.

operative position against the, actionof said spring means,

whereby, when. said stoprail,is .turnedaway from said one position, one ofsaid springmeans r'st turns said gear.

sectors about said shaft so thatthey assume Ysaidangular relationship and the other of said spring ,means then turns said plate memberso as to lock said gear sectors .in said.

angular relationship.

11. In a calculating machinefin veombinatioma shaft;

a plurality of gear. sectors mounted `on said. shaft for angular adjustment .thereabout-r and being adaptedrto assume an angular relationship with `respect to each other, said relationship correspondinggto a number -set into .the

machine, said.gearsectors each being-formed withan opening having ,anupper edge, portion 'formed withl'a pluralityI of.,grooves extending thereacross, and Asaid gear sectors each being provided with a projection extendingf;

to a predetermined.distance'fromsaid ,shaft;a locking bar extending through said openings of said gear sectors; a support member .fixedly connected to said lockingpbar to support the same; mountingvmeans rotatably mounted. onsaidshaft and mounting-said .support member for 1 turning movement .about an axisxparallelto said yshaft so "that said locking bar turns about saidaxis upon move-- mentv .of said support member; a. pin member liixedly mounted on said support member; a plate .member mounted on saidfshaft beside said gear sectors for turning movement about said shaft and being formed with av curved slot into which said pinV member. extends. and

which at one portion thereof is located at a'further dis tance from said shaft than another portion thereof, whereby, when said plate membery is turned about said shaft so as to move said one portion 4of said slot-into engage-l ment with said pin, said 1ocking3bar is moved :into a groove of each of said gear sectors to maintain the samein said angular relationship, said plate member being pro. vided witha projection extending tozadistanceffrom said shaft greater than said predetermined distance; a pair of-` spring means Loperatively. .connectedftosaid gear sectors and plate memb'ei,respectively, for urging ,the esame 'to.

turnaboutsaid shaft' so .that said sectors may assume said angularxrelationship; av stop rail mounted 'on the machine for .turning movement and,.in one position, .engaging said projections of said gear L sectors s and platefmemberrsto maintainthe. same in an inoperative positionv against. the action of 'said spring-means, whereby, whensaid stop,

rail is turned away from said oneposition, oneof said spring means first turns said gear .sectors about said shaft so that they assume said angular relationship'. and the.

other of said springmeans then turns said plate member so as to lock said gear sectors in said angular, relationship;

and at least one functionrkey .operatively connectedto.. said stoplrailfor turning the same away from said one position thereof..

mounted. on said;..fr ame. for -.-'mov ement. .therewith about said stationary shaft; a .plurality,ofigearsectors mounted on said movable shaft, for independentturning movement thereabout so thatsaid sectorsmayassume a particular angular relationship with-respect ,to each other; locking means turnable about said movableshaft and being operatively connected to said gear. sectors for locking the same in said angular. relationship; a drivingban operatively connected to said lockingmeansfor lmoving ythesame and .said gear sectors therewithabout said movableshaft; a

main operating shaft mounted on the machinefor operating the same; and apair of cam meansrespectively interconnecting said frame with said .main operating shaft and said drivingbar withsaid ymainoperating shaft so that when the latter is rotated .said framewillbe tilted about said stationary shaft'j. and said driving bar -will'be moved to turnsaid vgear sectors .about said-.movable shaft, said pair of cams means beingout. of. phase-with respect to.

lationship with respect to .each other, said relationship corresponding toa number setinto the machine, said gear.

sectors each,.being .,formed...with.:anL opening having van .upper edge .portion-formed .with afplurality ofgrooves extending .thereacross; alockingfbar. extending through saidopenings of said gear sectorsgand moving ymeans operatively connected tocsaid lockingfbar-..for moving the same into a groove of eachof said,sectors .so as to lock the latter in saidangular. relationshipand for moving said gearasectors a slightdistance away v.from thepins of said pin carriage.

14. In a calculating machine, in combinationa pin carriagevadapted to pick up ia number setinto the machine; a shaft located adjacentto said pingcar-riage; a plurality of gearsectors mounted onsaid.shaftfor.turningmovement .thereabout .andbeing-adapted to-,contact pins on said pin carriage so as to assume an-angular. relationship with respect to each other, saidfrelationship .corresponding'to. a number set intothefmachine, said gear sectors each being formedwith an opening having an upper edge portion formed. with` a .plurality ofgrooves extending thereacross; spring `means operativelyconnected to said gear sectors for urging .the Y. same into engagement with thepins vof said pincarriage; a locking bar extending throughY said openings I'of said gear sectors; and moving means operatively.connectedtosaid lockingjpar fory movof said pin carriage.;v

ReferencesCited fin .thelfefo .thispatent UNITED; STATESEPATENTS 121,'687 Teasdalea. Dec. 5,' 1871 1,136,391 Austin'. Apr.'20, 1915 1,385,700 Milinowski `luly 26, 1921 1,927,771 t Carls'trom Sept. 19, 1933 1,957,617 Siewert May 8, 1934 2,034,345 Kottmann Mar. 17,' 1936 2,049,015 Moller; July 28, 1936 l FOREIGN PATENTS..

831,642." France .June 13, Y1938 4,376 GreatBritain' June 19, 1912 171,475 Great 'Britainf Nov.l 14,` 1921