US2880418A - Omnidirectional antenna using dipoles - Google Patents

Omnidirectional antenna using dipoles Download PDF

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Publication number
US2880418A
US2880418A US338057A US33805753A US2880418A US 2880418 A US2880418 A US 2880418A US 338057 A US338057 A US 338057A US 33805753 A US33805753 A US 33805753A US 2880418 A US2880418 A US 2880418A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
dipoles
radiation
dipole
energy
omnidirectional antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US338057A
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English (en)
Inventor
Stohr Walter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens and Halske AG
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
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Publication of US2880418A publication Critical patent/US2880418A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/20—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path
    • H01Q21/205—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path providing an omnidirectional coverage

Definitions

  • This invention relates to antennae systems and is particularly concerned with an omnidirectional antenna.
  • an omnidirectional antenna comprising dipoles with reflectors which radiate in four main directions displaced by 90
  • the magnitude of such extended radiations depends, in the presence of suitable relationship of the diameter of the mast or tower to wavelength to be radiated, on the concentration characteristics of the individual dipoles. For example, by using half wave dipoles more energy will be radiated at an angle of 45 to the main radiation direction than in the main radiation direction. By using full wave dipoles, the energy radiated at each angle in the intermediate zones between the four main radiation directions will be smaller than in each of the main radiation directions.
  • the antenna In order to keep the extended radiation of the radiation diagram small, that is, in order to radiate at each angle energy of substantially identical magnitude, the antenna would have to be made of dipoles each of which radiates energy at an angle of :45 to its main radiation direction, which is so small that it furnishes together with the energy of the neighboring dipole of the main radiation direction which is displaced by 90 a practically corresponding energy. In an antenna built up of such dipoles, as much energy would be radiated at the angle of 1:45 to the main radiation direction as in the four main directions.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an omnidirectional antenna comprising identical dipoles disposed in a common plane or level about a carrier, the dipoles being for good impedance matching shorter than full wave, equipped with reflectors, the ratio of length of the dipoles to the diameter thereof being such that the radiation characteristics is broadened so that the energy radiated in the zone between neighboring main radiation directions corresponds substantially to the energy of the main direction.
  • the radiation characteristic is then broadened with such dipoles in such a degree that one fourth of the energy of the main radiation direction is radiated at an angle of -45 to the main radiation direction.
  • the ratio of length of the dipole to the diameter is suitably /25 and preferably /25.
  • the length of the dipoles is about to 35% shorter than full wave.
  • the width of the radiation will then vary between that of a full wave dipole and that of a half wave dipole.
  • a carrier or tower 1 provided with four identically constructed cylindrical or rodshaped dipoles having respectively the elements 2-3, 4-5, 6-7
  • dipoles are respectively mounted on reflectors indicated at 10, 11,12 and 13, by means of arms 14 to 21 which are disposed in the zero potential points of the individual dipole elements.
  • the reflectors are held by tubular members 22 to 25 containing the respective feed lines for the dipoles.
  • the length of the dipoles is about 20 to 35% shorter than the operative wave-length in order to obtain good matching between the input impedance of the dipoles and the wave impedance of the feed lines.
  • the broad band characteristic is with the specified ratio of lengths to diameter of the dipoles so favorable that the antenna is especially adapted for television purposes requiring particularly small mismatching in a broad frequency range wherein f is the operating frequency and f the mean frequency of the range.
  • Fig. 2 shows an antenna comprising dipole elements disposed in several planes or levels.
  • the elements indicated in full lines lie in an upper level and the elements indicated in dotted lines lie in a level disposed underneath.
  • the dipole elements of the dilferent levels are angularly displaced by about 22 so that the maxima of the radiation diagram of one level appears in the minima range of the radiation diagram of the other level. This angularly displaced array results in further equalization of the radiated energy.
  • the anenna may be analogously provided with similarly angular displaced dipole elements in several additional levels.
  • Several dipoles, preferably four dipoles of the same main radiating direction may then be coupled in a radiation unit for the purpose of matching their input impedance to the wave impedance of the feed line.
  • An antenna system comprising a plurality of individual structurally identical dipoles arranged in the general outline of a rectangle lying in a common plane about a suitable carrier and having a reflector for each dipole, each dipole comprising at least two colinear radiators, each dipole being for impedance matching shorter than full wave and the length/diameter ratio of each dipole having a value lying between 10 and 25, whereby the radiation characteristics of said dipoles is broadened so that energy radiated in zones lying between neighboring 3 principal-radiation directions corresponds substantially to 2,310,853 Lindenblad Feb. 9, 1943 the energy radiated in the principal radiation directions. 2,419,552 Himmel et a1. Apr. 29, 1947 2.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US338057A 1952-03-03 1953-02-20 Omnidirectional antenna using dipoles Expired - Lifetime US2880418A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE727527X 1952-03-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2880418A true US2880418A (en) 1959-03-31

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ID=6635486

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US338057A Expired - Lifetime US2880418A (en) 1952-03-03 1953-02-20 Omnidirectional antenna using dipoles

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US2880418A (ja)
BE (1) BE518091A (ja)
GB (1) GB727527A (ja)
NL (2) NL89425C (ja)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6885352B2 (en) * 2001-11-16 2005-04-26 Lg Electronics Inc. Wireless communications antenna assembly generating minimal back lobe radio frequency (RF) patterns
CN110337755A (zh) * 2016-12-30 2019-10-15 赛门铁克公司 用于无线通信设备和其他无线应用的天线系统

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3413644A (en) * 1961-11-23 1968-11-26 Siemens Ag Antenna having at least two radiators fed with different phase
CN106380436B (zh) * 2016-08-10 2018-06-01 山东阳谷华泰化工股份有限公司 一种二硫化二异丙基黄原酸酯的制备方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2134126A (en) * 1936-07-17 1938-10-25 Frederick J Hooven Aircraft landing system
US2163770A (en) * 1935-03-05 1939-06-27 Telefunken Gmbh Antenna
US2238904A (en) * 1936-04-28 1941-04-22 Rca Corp Short wave communication system
US2298449A (en) * 1941-11-08 1942-10-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Antenna
US2310853A (en) * 1941-12-20 1943-02-09 Rca Corp Antenna
US2419552A (en) * 1943-06-12 1947-04-29 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Radio antenna
US2444320A (en) * 1944-08-10 1948-06-29 Rca Corp Antenna system

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2163770A (en) * 1935-03-05 1939-06-27 Telefunken Gmbh Antenna
US2238904A (en) * 1936-04-28 1941-04-22 Rca Corp Short wave communication system
US2134126A (en) * 1936-07-17 1938-10-25 Frederick J Hooven Aircraft landing system
US2298449A (en) * 1941-11-08 1942-10-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Antenna
US2310853A (en) * 1941-12-20 1943-02-09 Rca Corp Antenna
US2419552A (en) * 1943-06-12 1947-04-29 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Radio antenna
US2444320A (en) * 1944-08-10 1948-06-29 Rca Corp Antenna system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6885352B2 (en) * 2001-11-16 2005-04-26 Lg Electronics Inc. Wireless communications antenna assembly generating minimal back lobe radio frequency (RF) patterns
CN110337755A (zh) * 2016-12-30 2019-10-15 赛门铁克公司 用于无线通信设备和其他无线应用的天线系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL176342B (nl)
BE518091A (ja)
NL89425C (ja)
GB727527A (en) 1955-04-06

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