US3829864A - Transmitting stacked aerial - Google Patents

Transmitting stacked aerial Download PDF

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US3829864A
US3829864A US00406615A US40661573A US3829864A US 3829864 A US3829864 A US 3829864A US 00406615 A US00406615 A US 00406615A US 40661573 A US40661573 A US 40661573A US 3829864 A US3829864 A US 3829864A
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radiators
tier
angle
support
aerial
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D Truskanov
K Brunin
L Ratner
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems

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  • ABSTRACT A transmitting stacked aerial comprising a currentconducting cylindrical support and tiers comprising current-energized radiators.
  • radiators are arranged equidistantly along at least some portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the support and are radially oriented relative to the surface thereof. Radiators in each tier are offset in azimuth relative to those of each next tier through a preset angle and are energized with currents of an equal phase, consecutively shifted by 90 from tier to tier.
  • Radiators in each tier are offset in aximuth relative to those in each next tier through an angle of 111/4 (it: being an angle between adjacent radiators in the same tier).
  • Radiators in each tier are consecutively offset in azimuth relative to those in the next tier through said angle of ill/4.
  • the radiators are energized with currents of an equal phase, consecutively shifted in one direction by 90 from tier to tier.
  • a transmitting stacked aerial also comprises an additional tier of radiators arranged in the middle of the radiating portion of the aerial.
  • This additional tier is designed to rule out troughs in the radiation pattern of the aerial in the vertical plane and is arranged symmetrically with respect to the first and last tiers.
  • Additional radiators are energized with currents of an equal phase, shifted by an angle of 90, through four radiators. All concerning the second embodiment only holds true with an even number of main tiers.
  • the present invention relates to aerials and more particularly to transmitting stacked aerials used for TV and VHF -FM broadcasts.
  • radiators are adjusted through changing the geometry thereof (the length, diameter and the shape of radiators end face surfaces) and through changing a distance between a radiator and the support (reflector). This, however, changes the radiators partial pattern, which accounts for a non-uniform radiation pattern of the aerial as a whole. It should also be taken into consideration that in order to obtain a negligibly non-uniform radiation pattern in the horizontal plane with supports of different cross-sections, use has to be made of radiators with a diffent partial pattern width.
  • adjacent tiers are turned with respect to one another through a certain angle, said angle of the turn of the adjacent tiers being equal to (ill/2, where ll! is an angle between adjacent radiators in the same tier;
  • radiators in each tier are energized according to the rotating field principle, the phase of currents being displaced from tier to tier by an angle equal to that between radiators in a tier;
  • radiators in adjacent tiers are energized with the current phase being displaced at a certain angle, said phase displacement angle of currents energizing radiators of adjacent tiers being equal to that of their offest in azimuth, i.e. it is equal to 111/2;
  • the direction of said turn of tiers changes consecutively from tier to tier to the opposite, so that in each other tier the arrangement of radiators is repeated;
  • aerials of the above type does not lead to the desired effect, for example, when an aerial is mounted upon a support with a large cross-section, whose perimeter is either equal to or even exceeds the wavelength.
  • radiators in each tier are divided into two groups so that radiators of one group are arranged between those of the other group and are energized, within each group, from a power source with currents of an equal amplitude and phase.
  • the difference between the phases of the currents energizing the above groups is that of an angle of
  • the radiation pattern of each group practically does not depend upon the geometry of a radiator, including its length, the shape of its face end surfaces and the width of a clearance between the radiator and the support.
  • the radiation pattern of the group is determined by the ratio (D/lll and by a number of radiators in a group.
  • aerials with radially oriented radiators may have a radiation pattern in the horizontal plane extremely close to an ideal circle, provided that there is a required number of radiators in the groups and that these are energized in the above-mentioned manner with currents of equal amplitudes, the phases of the currents energizing different groups being displaced by an angle of 90.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a transmitting stacked aerial capable of eliminating troughs in its vertical plane radiation pattern.
  • an aerial upon supports rising high above the Earths surface brings about the necessity of eliminating troughs in the vertical plane radiation pattern thereof.
  • This may be attaned by providing the proposed aerial with an additional tier of additional radiators, keeping the number of main tiers even.
  • Said additional tier is arranged in the middle of the radiating portion of the aerial symmetrically to the first and last main tiers.
  • This additional tier has a non-directional radiation pattern in the horizontal plane. Troughs in the vertical plane radiation pattern are eliminated by means of introducing a phase difference between the radiation field of the additional tier with respect to that of all the main tiers.
  • a preset portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the support may be determined by the entire periphery of the cross-section of the support and be equal to 360.
  • each tier of the aerial comprises a limited number of radiators, it may be necessary to improve its partial radiation pattern so as to reduce the non-uniformity of the radiation characteristic of the entire aerial.
  • passive dipoles are arranged in each main tier of the proposed aerial in immediate proximity to the radiators thereof; the number of the passive dipoles is equal to that of the radiators; they are mounted upon the aerial s support and are radially oriented relative to the surface thereof.
  • the emfs induced in any given radiator of a given main tier which is not the first or last, by currents of radiators of adjacent main thiers are cancelled because the currents energizing them are in anti-phase.
  • the input impedances of radiators of the main tiers are equal and the power fed to the aerial is divided among them in equal amounts.
  • the elimination of the effect of intercoupling between radiators of adjacent tiers ensures feeding of the aerials radiators in accordance with a required current distribution, which makes it possible to obtain the aerial characteristics that are very close to the estimated.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of tiers with radiators of a transmitting stacked aerial, in accordance with the invention, together with a power source;
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of one of the aerial s tiers with radiators of FIG. 1 with a cross-section of the support;
  • FIG. 3 is a general view of the radiating portion of another embodiment of the proposed transmitting stacked aerial
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of one of the aerials tiers with radiators of FIG. 3 with a cross-section of the support;
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of the serials tiers of FIG. 3 and of the phase of the current energizing them;
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of several of the aerials tiers with radiators of FIG. 3 with a power source;
  • FIG. 7 is a view of additional tier of additional radiators of the aerial of FIG. 3 with a cross-section of the support;
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view of tiers with radiators of a transmitting stacked aerial, in accordance with the invention, having a directional radiation pattern, together with a power source;
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view of main tiers with radiators and of an additional tier with additional radiators of a transmitting stacked aerial, in accordance with the invention, with a power source;
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view of tiers of the proposed aerial with radiators and passive dipoles in the tiers;
  • FIG. 11 is a plan view of one tier of the aerial of FIG. I0 with part of the cross-section of the support;
  • FIG. 12 is a radiation pattern in the horizontal plane of a main tier of the aerial of FIGS. 1 and 3;
  • FIG. 13 is a radiation pattern of the aerial of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 14 is a radiation pattern of the aerial of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. is a radiation pattern of the aerial of FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 16 is a radiation pattern of the aerial of FIG. 10.
  • An example of a non-directional TV aerial is offered by an aerial for TV Band II (76 100 MHz).
  • the aerial is arranged around a current-conducting cylindrical support 1 (FIG. 1) with a diameter D 0.7 A, ()t being the midband wavelength) and comprises twelve tiers 2 through 13 of radiators 14 (three in each tier) mounted upon the support 1 and radially oriented relative to the surface thereof.
  • tiers are counted from the uppermost one down.
  • a number of radiators in a tier is determined specifically for each individual embodiment, depending upon a ratio between a perimeter of the aerials support and the wave length, as well as limitations imposed upon the nonuniformity of the radiation pattern.
  • the cross-section area of the support may be sufficiently large, so as to secure the required stiffness of the structure as a whole, on the one hand, and to accommodate, if necessary, all the feedline elements, ladders and lifts inside it, on the other.
  • the arrangement of the above-listed components and units of the aerial structure inside the support substantially facilitates servicing and improves the reliability of the structure.
  • the tiers 2 through 13 are consecutively turned in one direction with respect to one another.
  • each lower tier is turned clockwise with respect to the upper one, if we take a top view of the aerial.
  • the radiators 14 of each tier 2 through 13 are electrically interconnected by radio frequency lines 15 of an equal length to one point of connection 16; as a result, radiators in each tier are energized with cophasal currents.
  • Said points of connection 16 are electrically coupled to a power source 17 of the radiators 14 by radio frequency lines 18 through 21 which are connected to the power source 17 at an outlet 22.
  • the present disclosure does not deal with adjustment units arranged at points of connection 22 and 16, which adjust the radio frequency lines 18 through 21 with the power source 17, on the one hand, and with the radio frequency lines 15, on the other, as said adjusting units have no bearing upon the present invention and are well known to those in the art.
  • these lines differ in their electric length by )t,,/4, A,,/2 and AM, respectively, thereby the phase of the currents energizing radiators 14 of adjacent tiers is consecutively changed by in one direction.
  • Said phase displacement of currents energizing radiators of adjacent tiers may be obtained in the aerial of FIG. 1 not only due to the employment of radio frequency lines of a different length, but also as a result of using other known phase shifters.
  • the radiator 14 (FIG. 2) is an assymmetrical band quarter-wave dipole made as a hollow metal cylinder 23 whose outer face end is covered by a lid 24 and which is fastened to the support 1 by means of a metal flange 25 and an insulator 26.
  • the insulator 26 serves to protect it from atmospheric precipitation.
  • the aerial may employ, according to FIG. 1 and 2, other known asymmetrical radiators (monopoles).
  • An example of the proposed aerial with an additional tier of additional radiators for non-directional radiation is furnished by an aerial for TV Band III (174-230 MHZ).
  • the aerial is arranged around a cylindrical currentconducting support 27 (FIG. 3) with a diameter D 1.17 A and comprises an even number, in the present example, 16, main tiers 28 through 43 of radiators 44 (four in each tier) and one additional tier 45 of additional radiators 46.
  • the angle ,B [(2k /D) 57.3] 98.
  • the angle 1!; (FIG. 4) between adjacent radiators 44 in each main tier 28 through 43 is to be less than the angle ,8.
  • tl1 90, and said radiators in the main tiers are arranged equidistantly around the entire periphery of the cross-section of the support, i.e. cover 360.
  • the radiators 44 (FIG. 5) of each main tier 28 through 43 are offset in azimuth relative to respective radiators in adjacent tiers by an angle (til/4). In our example, (111/4) 22.5.
  • the radiators 44 (FIG. 6) of each main tier 28 through 43 (FIG. 3) are electrically interconnected by first radio frequency lines 47 (FIG. 6) of an equal length to one point of connection 48, which makes for energizing the radiators in each main tier with cophasal currents.
  • Said points of connection 48 are electrically connected to a power source 49 through radio frequency lines 50 through 53.
  • radio frequency lines 50 through 53 differ in their electrical length by )t,,/4, A /2 and %A,,, respectively, thereby the phase of the currents energizing radiators of adjacent tiers is displaced from tier to tier by 90 in one direction.
  • an additional tier 45 of additional radiators 46 which is arranged in the middle of the radiating portion of the aerial symmetrically with the first tier 28 (FIGS. 3 and 5) and the last tier 43.
  • the additional radiators 46 (FIG. 7) are arranged equidistantly along the periphery of the cross-section of the support 27 and are radially oriented relative to the surface thereof.
  • An angle 2 between adjacent additional radiators 46 also is to be less than an angle 'y [(ZLJ/D 57.3], and with an equidistant arrangement of the radiators 44 (FIG.
  • this angle y is four times less than the angle ill between adjacent radiators 44.
  • 2 22.5 The additional radiators 46, which are offset in azimuth relative to one another by an angle 42, are electrically interconnected by second radio frequency lines 54 of an equal length to one point of connection 55, thereby these radiators are energized with cophasal currents.
  • Said points of connection 55 (FIG. 6) are electrically connected to the power source 49 by radio frequency lines 56 through 59 at a point of connection 60. Also connected to said point of connection 60 are the radio frequency lines 50 through 53.
  • the radio frequency lines 56 through 59 differ in their electrical length by )t /4, )t /2 and 4A,.
  • the currents energizing adjacent additional radiators 46 (FIG. 5) of the additional tier 45 are displaced in phase by 90, said phase displacement being effected in consecutive order from radiator to radiator so that the direction of the phase displacement from radiator to radiator of the additional tier 45 follows the chosen direction of the turn of the main tiers 28 through 43 and coincides with that of the phase displacement of the currents energizing radiators 44 from tier to tier following the turn thereof.
  • the required phase displacement of the radiation field of the additional tier 46 with respect to the radiation field produced by all the main tiers 28 through 43 is attained due to the fact that electrical lengths of the radio frequency lines 50 through 53 (FIG. 6) differ in the present example from respective lengths of the radio frequency lines 56 through 59 by AJ 12.
  • Said required phase displacements of currents energizing the radiators 44 and the additional radiators 46 may be obtained not only due to the employment of radio frequency lines of different lengths, but also through using other known phase shifters.
  • the radiator 44 (FIG. 4) and the additional radiator 46 (FIG. 7) are made in an analogous manner as the radiator 14 (FIG. 2), i.e., as the hollow metal cylinder 23 (FIGS. 4 and 7) with the lid 24, which is fastened to the support 27 by means of the metal flange 25 and the insulator 26.
  • a distance between the main tiers 28 through 43 is selected depending upon requirements imposed upon the radiation pattern of the aerial in the vertical plane, taking into account the ratio (D/X and the number of the main radiators 44 in each tier.
  • the ratio (D/X and the number of the main radiators 44 in each tier is roughly equal to 0.45 )t
  • the distance between the additional tier 45 and the adjacent main tiers 35 and 36 maybe somewhat increased; in the aerial under review, this distance equals 0.75 A
  • An example of an aerial with a directional radiation pattern is furnished by an aerial consisting of four tiers 61 through 64 (FIG. 8) mounted upon a cylindrical support 65 with a diameter D 1.17 A
  • Each tier 61 through 64 of the given aerial comprises three radiators 66 which, according to the invention, are arranged equidistantly along a portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the support 65, within a sector of less than 360, and are energized with currents having different phases.
  • the sector of the equidistant arrangement of the radiators 66 equals 180.
  • the angle of the consecutive offset in azimuth of the radiators 66 from the upper tier 61 to the lower tier 64 is (Ill/4) 22.5", where 1; is an angle between adjacent radiators, with phases of the energizing current consecutively increasing by 90.
  • Reference numeral 67 in FIG. 8 indicates radio frequency lines of an equal length connecting the radiators 66 of each tier to one point of connection 68 which is connected, by means of radio frequency lines 69 through 72 and via point of connection 73, to a power source 74.
  • the lines 69 through 72 differ in their length by (h /4), (A /2) and A M.
  • FIG. 9 An embodiment of an aerial with a directional radiation pattern and with an additional tier of additional radiators is illustrated in FIG. 9.
  • the aerial comprises eight main tiers 75 through 82 of radiators 83 and one additional tier 84 of additional radiators 85 mounted upon a current-conducting cylindrical support 86 with a diameter D 1.17 A
  • Each main tier 75 through 82 comprises three radiators 83 arranged equidistantly along a portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the support 86, which is less than 360, and are energized with currents of different phases. In the present example, this portion of the periphery equals 180.
  • the additional tier 84 comprises sixteen additional radiators 85.
  • the structure and arrangement of said additional tier 84, the power circuit of the aerial and its embodiment and the structure of the radiator are analogous to those of the aerial in FIG. 3.
  • the reference numerals 87 and 88 indicate radio frequency lines of an equal length connecting the radiators 83 and the additional radiators 85, respectively, to one of points of connection 89 and 90, respectively, which are coupled, by means of radio frequency lines 91 through 95 and via a point of connection 96, to a power source 97.
  • radio frequency lines 91 through 95 and via a point of connection 96 for greater clarity, only one point of connection of four radiators 85 in the ad ditional tier 84 is shown.
  • FIG. 10 An example of an aerial with passive dipoles in each tier for obtaining a non-directional radiation pattern in the horizontal plane is shown in FIG. 10.
  • the frequency range of this aerial is 88 to I08 MHz.
  • the aerial is mounted upon a current-conducting cylindrical support 98 with a diameter D 0. l4 A, and comprises eight tiers 99 through 106 of radiators 107 and passive dipoles 108.
  • the radiators 107 are arranged equidistantly along the entire periphery of the cross-section of the support 98.
  • the power circuit of the aerial under review, the embodiment thereof and the structure of the radiator are analogous to those of the aerial in FIG. 1.
  • the reference numeral 109 indicates radio frequency lines of an equal length connecting the radiators 107 to one point of connection 110, which are coupled by meansof radio frequency lines 111 through 114 and via a point of connection 115 to a power source 116.
  • each tier of the aerial comprises two (which is the number of radiators) passive dipoles 108 which are arranged in immediate proximity to the radiators 107 (FIG. 18) and equidistantly along the periphery of the cross-section of the support 98 and which are offset in azimuth relative to the radiators 107 by an angle of 45.
  • the angle of displacement of the passive dipoles 108 with respect to the radiators 107 may assume other values, depending upon the ratio D/A and an angle I; between radiators in a tier.
  • the radiator 107 (FIG. 11) is analogous to the radia tor 14 (FIG. 2) and is made as the hollow metal cylinder 23 (FIG. 11) with the lid 24, fastened to the support 98 by means of the metal flange 25 and the insulator 26.
  • the passive dipole 108 in the present example is made as a hollow metal cylinder 117 with a length of close to ).,,/4 covered at its outer face end by a lid 118. Said cylinder 117 is electrically connected to the support 98. Used instead of the above-listed passive dipole may be other assymmetrical radiators electrically connected to the support.
  • angle B [(ah lD) 5.73] the radiation pattern of one tier F in the horizontal plane (FIG. 12) is described, with a high degree of accuracy, by the function where qb is the varying angle in. the azimuthal plane.
  • the radiation pattern (FIG. 13) of the aerial of FIG. I in the mid-band frequency is uniform within :1.5 dB.
  • the radiation pattern is uniform within :l .8 dB.
  • the radiation pattern of the radiators 46 that are energized with a phase of 90 and 270 is displaced in space by an angle (ill/4) 22.5. Taking into account the fact that the phase of the fields radiated by adjacent additional radiators 46 is shifted through 90, the overall radiation pattern of the additional tier 45 also turns out to be non-directional.
  • the additional tier 45 of the aerial under review is additionally displaced in phase by 30.
  • a similar effect may be obtained by respectively shifting the additional radiators 46 of the additional tier 45 through an appropriate angle in azimuth relative to the remaining radiators.
  • the aerial has additional provisions for compensating the radiation characteristic in the vertical plane. It is seen from FIGS. 3 and 5 that the extreme main tiers 28 and 43 in which the radiators 44 are energized with a phase of 0 are located farther from the additional tier 45 than the main tiers 29 and 42 whose radiators 44 are energized with phases of 270 and 90.
  • the directional radiation pattern shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is marked by the fact that the portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the supports and 86, respectively, placed equidistantly within which in the main tiers 61 through 64 and through 82 are the radiators 66 and 83, is less than 360.
  • the radiation pattern of the aerial shown in FIG. 8 in the mid-band frequency range (FIG. 15) is uniform in the serviceable sector, which is close to 180, within $1.5 dB, and within $2.2 dB in the frequency range of 10.15.
  • the radiation pattern of the aerial in the mid-band frequency (FIG. 16) is uniform within 120.8 dB. At the extreme frequencies of the range of 10.1 h the radiation pattern is uniform within $1.1 dB.
  • Equidistant distribution of radiators in the tiers with an angle between adjacent radiators determined by the ratio D/Ao enables the proposed aerial to operate on supports of any diameter, with an optimum number of radiators in the tiers.
  • Energizing radiators in the tiers with cophasal currents makes the radiation pattern practically independent of the geometry of the radiators, which substantially facilitates the adjustment of the aerial.
  • a transmitting stacked aerial comprising:
  • each said tier comprising a preset number of said radiators arranged equidistantly within at least some portion of the periphery of the cross-section of said support;
  • said angle of turn of the adjacent tiers being equal to ill/4, where ml: is an angle between adjacent radiators in the same tier, the turn being effected from tier to tier inone direction;
  • said angle ill between adjacent radiators in the same tier being less than an angle ,8 [(ZMD) 57.3], where D is the diameter of said support, and A is the mid-band wavelength: radio frequency lines of an equal length electrically interconnecting said radiators of each tier to one point of connection, which provides for energizing the radiators in each tier with cophasal currents; 9
  • a power source of said radiators electrically connected to said points of connection so that the currents energizing the radiators of adjacent tiers are displaced in phase by 90, said displacement in phase being effected from tier to tier in one direction.
  • a transmitting stacked aerial comprising:
  • each said tier comprising a preset number of said radiators arranged equidistantly within at least some portion of the periphery of the cross-section of said support;
  • said radiators of each said tier being offset in azimuth relative to the respective radiators of the adjacent tier by a preset angle
  • t is an angle between adjacent radiators in the same tier, the turn from tier to tier being effected in one direction; said angle ll! between adjacent radiators in the same tier being less than an angle B [(ZA /D) 57.3], where D is the diameter of said support, and A, is the mid-band wavelength;
  • one additional tier of additional radiators designed to eliminate troughs in the radiation pattern in the vertical plane. arranged in the middle of the radiating portion of the aerial symmetrically with regard to the first and last main tiers;
  • additional radiators arranged equidistantly along the periphery of the cross-section of said support and radially oriented relative to its surface, an angle 2 between adjacent additional radiators being less than an angle first radio frequency lines of an equal length electrically interconnecting said radiators of each main tier to one point of connection, which makes for energizing the radiators in each main tier with cophasal currents;
  • second radio frequency lines of an equal length electrically interconnecting the additional radiators, which are offset in azimuth relative to one another by an angle of 4 E, to one point of connection, which ensures energizing these radiators with cophasal currents;
  • said power source electrically connected to said points of connection of the additional tier so that the currents energizing adjacent additional radiators are displaced in phase by 90, said phase displacement being effected in consecutive order from radiator to radiator so that the direction of that phase displacement from radiator to radiator of the additional tier in the direction of the selected turn of adjacent main tiers coincides with that of the phase displacement of the main radiators of the main tiers from tier to tier following the turn thereof.
  • a transmitting stacked aerial as claimed in claim 1, wherein a preset portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the support is determined by the entire perimeter of that cross-section of the support and is equal to 360.
  • a transmitting stacked aerial as claimed in claim 2, wherein a preset portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the support is determined by the entire perimeter of that cross-section of the support and is equal to 360, said angle 2 between adjacent additional radiators being four times less than said angle 1b.
  • a transmitting stacked aerial as claimed in claim 1, wherein arranged in immediate proximity to said radiators in each said tier are passive dipoles whose number is equal to that of the radiators and which are mounted u on said support and are radially oriented with regar to the surface thereof.
  • a transmitting stacked aerial as claimed in claim 2, wherein arranged in immediate proximity to the main radiators in each main tier are passive dipoles whose number is equal to that of the radiators and which are mounted upon said support and are radially oriented with regard to the surface thereof.
  • a transmitting stacked aerial as claimed in claim 3, wherein arranged in immediate proximity to said radiators in each said tier are passive dipoles whose number is equal to that of the radiators and which are mounted u on said support and are radially oriented with regar to the surface thereof.
  • a transmitting stacked aerial as claimed in claim 4, wherein arranged in immediate proximity to the main radiators in each train tier are passive dipoles whose number is equal to that of the radiators and which are mounted upon said support and are radially oriented with regard to the surface thereof.

Abstract

A transmitting stacked aerial comprising a current-conducting cylindrical support and tiers comprising current-energized radiators. In each tier, radiators are arranged equidistantly along at least some portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the support and are radially oriented relative to the surface thereof. Radiators in each tier are offset in azimuth relative to those of each next tier through a preset angle and are energized with currents of an equal phase, consecutively shifted by 90* from tier to tier. Radiators in each tier are offset in aximuth relative to those in each next tier through an angle of psi /4 ( psi being an angle between adjacent radiators in the same tier). The angle psi is less than an angle Beta ((2 lambda o/D) . 57.3)*, where D is a diameter of the support and lambda is the mid-band wavelength. Radiators in each tier are consecutively offset in azimuth relative to those in the next tier through said angle of psi /4. The radiators are energized with currents of an equal phase, consecutively shifted in one direction by 90* from tier to tier. In another embodiment, a transmitting stacked aerial also comprises an additional tier of radiators arranged in the middle of the radiating portion of the aerial. This additional tier is designed to rule out troughs in the radiation pattern of the aerial in the vertical plane and is arranged symmetrically with respect to the first and last tiers. Additional radiators are arranged equidistantly along the periphery of the cross-section of the aerial support, with an angle Sigma between adjacent additional radiators being less than an angle gamma (( lambda 0/2D . 57.3)*. Additional radiators are energized with currents of an equal phase, shifted by an angle of 90*, through four radiators. All concerning the second embodiment only holds true with an even number of main tiers.

Description

United States Patent [191 Truskanov et al.
[ Aug. 13, 1974 TRANSMITTING STACKED AERIAL [22] Filed: Oct. 15, 1973 [2]] Appl. No.: 406,615
Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 380,227, July 18, l973, abandoned, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 264,407, June 15, 1972, abandoned, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 40,960, May 27, 1970, abandoned.
521 U.S.Cl 343/833, 343/853, 343/890 51 Int. Cl. ..H0lq21/00 [58] Field of Search 343/796, 797, 798,799,
[56] References Cited FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 544,401 1/1956 Italy 343/800 Primary Examiner-Eli Lieberman Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Holman & Stern [57] ABSTRACT A transmitting stacked aerial comprising a currentconducting cylindrical support and tiers comprising current-energized radiators. In each tier, radiators are arranged equidistantly along at least some portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the support and are radially oriented relative to the surface thereof. Radiators in each tier are offset in azimuth relative to those of each next tier through a preset angle and are energized with currents of an equal phase, consecutively shifted by 90 from tier to tier. Radiators in each tier are offset in aximuth relative to those in each next tier through an angle of 111/4 (it: being an angle between adjacent radiators in the same tier). The angle ll: is less than an angle ,8=[(2)\0/D) 57.3], where D is a diameter of the support and A is the mid-band wavelength. Radiators in each tier are consecutively offset in azimuth relative to those in the next tier through said angle of ill/4. The radiators are energized with currents of an equal phase, consecutively shifted in one direction by 90 from tier to tier.
In another embodiment, a transmitting stacked aerial also comprises an additional tier of radiators arranged in the middle of the radiating portion of the aerial. This additional tier is designed to rule out troughs in the radiation pattern of the aerial in the vertical plane and is arranged symmetrically with respect to the first and last tiers. Additional radiators are arranged equidistantly along the periphery of the cross-section of the aerial support, with an angle 2 between adjacent additional radiators being less than an angle 'y={()t0/2D 57.3].
Additional radiators are energized with currents of an equal phase, shifted by an angle of 90, through four radiators. All concerning the second embodiment only holds true with an even number of main tiers.
8 Claims, 16 Drawing Figures PATENTEDAUB 13 m4 SHEET nu nr 10 PATENTEDAus 13 m4 SHEET 08 0F 10 10 M m M M 0 y 1 J PATENTEDAUG 13 m4 sum mar 10 PATENTEUAUG 1 3 m4 3. 829.864
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TRANSMI'I'IING STACKED AERIAL The present application is a continuation-in-Part of our co-pending application, Ser. No. 380,227 filed July 18, 1973 which, in turn, is a continuation of application, Ser. No. 264,407 filed June 15, 1972, which application, in turn, is a continuation of application, Ser. No. 40,960 filed on May 27, 1970. All prior applications are now abandoned.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to aerials and more particularly to transmitting stacked aerials used for TV and VHF -FM broadcasts.
Known are recently developed transmitting TV aerials with horizontal-tangential radiators arranged around the aerial support (cf. US. Pat. No. 3,329,959). In such aerials, radiators are adjusted through changing the geometry thereof (the length, diameter and the shape of radiators end face surfaces) and through changing a distance between a radiator and the support (reflector). This, however, changes the radiators partial pattern, which accounts for a non-uniform radiation pattern of the aerial as a whole. It should also be taken into consideration that in order to obtain a negligibly non-uniform radiation pattern in the horizontal plane with supports of different cross-sections, use has to be made of radiators with a diffent partial pattern width.
As a result, it is very difficult, using horizontaltangential radiators, to obtain a high degree of adjustment of radiators with the power line in combination with a negligible degree of non-uniformity of the radiation pattern of the aerial. Even if this result is obtained with a certain cross-section (diameter) of the support, it is no longer the case with another cross-section (diameter).
ln order to make the horizontal plane radiation pattern less non-uniform, in some stacked aerials radiators of adjacent tiers are displaced relative to one another by a certain angle. This applies, for example, to aerials described in ltalian Pat. Nos. 527,649 and 544,401, in British Pat. No. 936,029 and in FRG Pat. No. 1,147,993.
Aerials built in accordance with the above patents are marked by the following distinguishing features:
adjacent tiers are turned with respect to one another through a certain angle, said angle of the turn of the adjacent tiers being equal to (ill/2, where ll! is an angle between adjacent radiators in the same tier;
radiators in each tier are energized according to the rotating field principle, the phase of currents being displaced from tier to tier by an angle equal to that between radiators in a tier;
radiators in adjacent tiers are energized with the current phase being displaced at a certain angle, said phase displacement angle of currents energizing radiators of adjacent tiers being equal to that of their offest in azimuth, i.e. it is equal to 111/2;
The direction of said turn of tiers changes consecutively from tier to tier to the opposite, so that in each other tier the arrangement of radiators is repeated;
The direction of said current phase displacement of radiators in adjacent tiers changes to the opposite from tier to tier, so that in each other tier the phases of the Aerials built according to cited patents employ supports of small cross-sections, when the perimeter of the cross-section of the support is less that the wavelength and when it may be assumed that said energizing of radiators in each tier with currents of reverse phases according to the rotating field principle ensures alteration of the phase of the field according to the linear law, with the phase characteristic slope equal to unity.
in a number of instances, the use of aerials of the above type does not lead to the desired effect, for example, when an aerial is mounted upon a support with a large cross-section, whose perimeter is either equal to or even exceeds the wavelength.
Further development of aerial engineering has led to the development of a transmitting stacked aerial with radiators mounted upon the support and radially oriented with respect to its surface (cf. USSR Inventors Certificate No. 240,047). In such aerials, radiators in each tier are divided into two groups so that radiators of one group are arranged between those of the other group and are energized, within each group, from a power source with currents of an equal amplitude and phase. The difference between the phases of the currents energizing the above groups is that of an angle of The radiation pattern of each group practically does not depend upon the geometry of a radiator, including its length, the shape of its face end surfaces and the width of a clearance between the radiator and the support. When radiators are energized with cophasal currents and are arranged equidistantly around the support, the radiation pattern of the group is determined by the ratio (D/lll and by a number of radiators in a group.
Hence, when adjusting radiators to the power line by way of changing their geometry, one need not take into consideration the form of the radiation pattern of the group; in this respect, aerials of this type compare favorably with those with horizontal-tangential radiators.
Unlike aerials with horizontal-tangential radiators, aerials with radially oriented radiators may have a radiation pattern in the horizontal plane extremely close to an ideal circle, provided that there is a required number of radiators in the groups and that these are energized in the above-mentioned manner with currents of equal amplitudes, the phases of the currents energizing different groups being displaced by an angle of 90.
It is difficult, however, to obtain a non-directional radiation pattern in the horizontal plane with the use of such aerials because of inter-coupling between radiators of different groups which are arranged close to each other and are energized with non-cophasal currents; this accounts for a difference between their input impedances. As a result, the power is divided between the radiator groups in an unforseen manner, adjustment of the aerial is hampered, and its electrical characteristics are impaired in comparison with the estimated ones.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a transmitting stacked aerial with radially oriented radiators, in which inter-coupling between adjacent radiators in neighboring tiers, which are energized with noncophasal currents, is obviated by arranging the radiators around the support and energizing them in such a way that the emfs induced in a given radiator by said currents in radiators of the neighboring tiers are mutually cancelled.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a transmitting stacked aerial capable of eliminating troughs in its vertical plane radiation pattern.
In view of the above objects, in a transmitting stacked aerial, thereof each main tier comprises a preset number of radiators energized from a power source, mounted upon a current-conducting cylindrical support and radially oriented with regard to its surface, the radiators being energized with currents displaced in phase by 90 from tier to tier, the radiators in each tier are arranged, according to the invention, equidistantly along at least some portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the support and are offset in azimuth relative to the respective radiators of an adjacent tier by a'preset angle equal to (ill/4), where this an angle between adjacent radiators in a tier, which is less than an angle B =[(2)t,,/D) 57.31", where D is a diameter of the support, and A is the mid-band wavelength, the radiators being turned in one direction from tier to tier and being inter-connected by means of radio frequency lines of an equal length to one point of connection, due to which radiators in each tier are energized with cophasal currents, said displacement in phase being effected from tier to tier in consecutive order in one direction.
Mounting an aerial upon supports rising high above the Earths surface brings about the necessity of eliminating troughs in the vertical plane radiation pattern thereof. This may be attaned by providing the proposed aerial with an additional tier of additional radiators, keeping the number of main tiers even. Said additional tier is arranged in the middle of the radiating portion of the aerial symmetrically to the first and last main tiers. This additional tier has a non-directional radiation pattern in the horizontal plane. Troughs in the vertical plane radiation pattern are eliminated by means of introducing a phase difference between the radiation field of the additional tier with respect to that of all the main tiers. In this additional tier, radiators are arranged equidistantly along the periphery of the cross-section of the support and are radially oriented relative to its surface, an angle 2 between adjacent additional radiators being somewhat less than an angle 'y= (h /2 D), the radiators themselves, which are offset in azimuth with respect to one another by an angle of 4 2, being electrically connected by means of radio frequency lines to one point of connection, due to which these radiators are energized with cophasalcurrents, the power source being connected to points of connection of the additional tier in such a way that it ensures a displacement in phase of the currents energizing adjacent additional radiators in the additional tier by an angle of 90, said displacement in phase being effected in consecutive order from radiator to radiator so that the direction of this displacement in phase from radiator to radiator in the additional tier in the chosen direction of the turn of adjacent main tiers coincides with that of the phase displacement of radiators in the main tiers, following the course of the turn thereof from one main tier to another.
In order to obtain a circular radiation pattern in the horizontal plane, a preset portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the support may be determined by the entire periphery of the cross-section of the support and be equal to 360.
In some cases, when each tier of the aerial comprises a limited number of radiators, it may be necessary to improve its partial radiation pattern so as to reduce the non-uniformity of the radiation characteristic of the entire aerial.
For this purpose, passive dipoles are arranged in each main tier of the proposed aerial in immediate proximity to the radiators thereof; the number of the passive dipoles is equal to that of the radiators; they are mounted upon the aerial s support and are radially oriented relative to the surface thereof.
In all the embodiments of the aerial disclosed herein, the emfs induced in any given radiator of a given main tier, which is not the first or last, by currents of radiators of adjacent main thiers are cancelled because the currents energizing them are in anti-phase. As a result, the input impedances of radiators of the main tiers are equal and the power fed to the aerial is divided among them in equal amounts. In addition, the elimination of the effect of intercoupling between radiators of adjacent tiers ensures feeding of the aerials radiators in accordance with a required current distribution, which makes it possible to obtain the aerial characteristics that are very close to the estimated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be explained in greater detail with reference to the specific embodiments thereof in the form of directional and non-directional aerials, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein;
FIG. 1 is a plan view of tiers with radiators of a transmitting stacked aerial, in accordance with the invention, together with a power source;
FIG. 2 is a plan view of one of the aerial s tiers with radiators of FIG. 1 with a cross-section of the support;
FIG. 3 is a general view of the radiating portion of another embodiment of the proposed transmitting stacked aerial;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of one of the aerials tiers with radiators of FIG. 3 with a cross-section of the support;
FIG. 5 is a plan view of the serials tiers of FIG. 3 and of the phase of the current energizing them;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of several of the aerials tiers with radiators of FIG. 3 with a power source;
FIG. 7 is a view of additional tier of additional radiators of the aerial of FIG. 3 with a cross-section of the support;
FIG. 8 is a plan view of tiers with radiators of a transmitting stacked aerial, in accordance with the invention, having a directional radiation pattern, together with a power source;
FIG. 9 is a plan view of main tiers with radiators and of an additional tier with additional radiators of a transmitting stacked aerial, in accordance with the invention, with a power source;
FIG. 10 is a plan view of tiers of the proposed aerial with radiators and passive dipoles in the tiers;
FIG. 11 is a plan view of one tier of the aerial of FIG. I0 with part of the cross-section of the support;
FIG. 12 is a radiation pattern in the horizontal plane of a main tier of the aerial of FIGS. 1 and 3;
FIG. 13 is a radiation pattern of the aerial of FIG. 1;
FIG. 14 is a radiation pattern of the aerial of FIG. 3;
FIG. is a radiation pattern of the aerial of FIG. 8;
FIG. 16 is a radiation pattern of the aerial of FIG. 10.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An example of a non-directional TV aerial, according to the present invention, is offered by an aerial for TV Band II (76 100 MHz).
According to the'invention, the aerial is arranged around a current-conducting cylindrical support 1 (FIG. 1) with a diameter D 0.7 A, ()t being the midband wavelength) and comprises twelve tiers 2 through 13 of radiators 14 (three in each tier) mounted upon the support 1 and radially oriented relative to the surface thereof. Here, as in all other embodiments, tiers are counted from the uppermost one down. A number of radiators in a tier is determined specifically for each individual embodiment, depending upon a ratio between a perimeter of the aerials support and the wave length, as well as limitations imposed upon the nonuniformity of the radiation pattern.
In the general case, the cross-section area of the support may be sufficiently large, so as to secure the required stiffness of the structure as a whole, on the one hand, and to accommodate, if necessary, all the feedline elements, ladders and lifts inside it, on the other. The arrangement of the above-listed components and units of the aerial structure inside the support substantially facilitates servicing and improves the reliability of the structure.
In each tier 2 through 13, the radiators 14 are arranged equidistantly, at least within part of the periphcry of the cross-section of the support 1. In the present embodiment, these are arranged throughout the entire periphery, i.e. cover 360. Radiators in each tier 2 through 13 are offset in azimuth relative to respective radiators of an adjacent tier by an angle (ill/4), where Ill (FIG. 2) is an angle between adjacent radiators 14 of the same tier. Said angle 104 is less than an angle B [(2 )t /D) 57.31"; in the present embodiment, the angle [3 =l 60, and the angle i1! is chosen to be equal to I".
The tiers 2 through 13 (FIG. 1) are consecutively turned in one direction with respect to one another. In the present embodiment, each lower tier is turned clockwise with respect to the upper one, if we take a top view of the aerial. The radiators 14 of each tier 2 through 13 are electrically interconnected by radio frequency lines 15 of an equal length to one point of connection 16; as a result, radiators in each tier are energized with cophasal currents. Said points of connection 16 are electrically coupled to a power source 17 of the radiators 14 by radio frequency lines 18 through 21 which are connected to the power source 17 at an outlet 22.
The present disclosure does not deal with adjustment units arranged at points of connection 22 and 16, which adjust the radio frequency lines 18 through 21 with the power source 17, on the one hand, and with the radio frequency lines 15, on the other, as said adjusting units have no bearing upon the present invention and are well known to those in the art.
The same applies to a description of the method of running and connecting radio frequency lines. In the present example, these lines differ in their electric length by )t,,/4, A,,/2 and AM, respectively, thereby the phase of the currents energizing radiators 14 of adjacent tiers is consecutively changed by in one direction. Said phase displacement of currents energizing radiators of adjacent tiers may be obtained in the aerial of FIG. 1 not only due to the employment of radio frequency lines of a different length, but also as a result of using other known phase shifters.
The radiator 14 (FIG. 2) is an assymmetrical band quarter-wave dipole made as a hollow metal cylinder 23 whose outer face end is covered by a lid 24 and which is fastened to the support 1 by means of a metal flange 25 and an insulator 26. The insulator 26 serves to protect it from atmospheric precipitation. Instead of the above radiator, the aerial may employ, according to FIG. 1 and 2, other known asymmetrical radiators (monopoles).
An example of the proposed aerial with an additional tier of additional radiators for non-directional radiation is furnished by an aerial for TV Band III (174-230 MHZ).
The aerial is arranged around a cylindrical currentconducting support 27 (FIG. 3) with a diameter D 1.17 A and comprises an even number, in the present example, 16, main tiers 28 through 43 of radiators 44 (four in each tier) and one additional tier 45 of additional radiators 46. The angle ,B= [(2k /D) 57.3] 98. The angle 1!; (FIG. 4) between adjacent radiators 44 in each main tier 28 through 43 is to be less than the angle ,8. In the present example, tl1=90, and said radiators in the main tiers are arranged equidistantly around the entire periphery of the cross-section of the support, i.e. cover 360.
The radiators 44 (FIG. 5) of each main tier 28 through 43 are offset in azimuth relative to respective radiators in adjacent tiers by an angle (til/4). In our example, (111/4) 22.5. The radiators 44 (FIG. 6) of each main tier 28 through 43 (FIG. 3) are electrically interconnected by first radio frequency lines 47 (FIG. 6) of an equal length to one point of connection 48, which makes for energizing the radiators in each main tier with cophasal currents.
Said points of connection 48 are electrically connected to a power source 49 through radio frequency lines 50 through 53. In the present example, these lines differ in their electrical length by )t,,/4, A /2 and %A,,, respectively, thereby the phase of the currents energizing radiators of adjacent tiers is displaced from tier to tier by 90 in one direction.
As it has been stated above, in order to fill troughs in the radiation pattern of the aerial in the vertical plane, provision is made for an additional tier 45 of additional radiators 46, which is arranged in the middle of the radiating portion of the aerial symmetrically with the first tier 28 (FIGS. 3 and 5) and the last tier 43. The additional radiators 46 (FIG. 7) are arranged equidistantly along the periphery of the cross-section of the support 27 and are radially oriented relative to the surface thereof. An angle 2 between adjacent additional radiators 46 also is to be less than an angle 'y [(ZLJ/D 57.3], and with an equidistant arrangement of the radiators 44 (FIG. 5) along the entire periphery of the cross-section of the support 27, this angle y is four times less than the angle ill between adjacent radiators 44. In the present example, 2 22.5. The additional radiators 46, which are offset in azimuth relative to one another by an angle 42, are electrically interconnected by second radio frequency lines 54 of an equal length to one point of connection 55, thereby these radiators are energized with cophasal currents. Said points of connection 55 (FIG. 6) are electrically connected to the power source 49 by radio frequency lines 56 through 59 at a point of connection 60. Also connected to said point of connection 60 are the radio frequency lines 50 through 53. In the present example, the radio frequency lines 56 through 59 differ in their electrical length by )t /4, )t /2 and 4A,. Thus, the currents energizing adjacent additional radiators 46 (FIG. 5) of the additional tier 45 are displaced in phase by 90, said phase displacement being effected in consecutive order from radiator to radiator so that the direction of the phase displacement from radiator to radiator of the additional tier 45 follows the chosen direction of the turn of the main tiers 28 through 43 and coincides with that of the phase displacement of the currents energizing radiators 44 from tier to tier following the turn thereof.
The required phase displacement of the radiation field of the additional tier 46 with respect to the radiation field produced by all the main tiers 28 through 43 is attained due to the fact that electrical lengths of the radio frequency lines 50 through 53 (FIG. 6) differ in the present example from respective lengths of the radio frequency lines 56 through 59 by AJ 12.
Said required phase displacements of currents energizing the radiators 44 and the additional radiators 46 may be obtained not only due to the employment of radio frequency lines of different lengths, but also through using other known phase shifters.
The radiator 44 (FIG. 4) and the additional radiator 46 (FIG. 7) are made in an analogous manner as the radiator 14 (FIG. 2), i.e., as the hollow metal cylinder 23 (FIGS. 4 and 7) with the lid 24, which is fastened to the support 27 by means of the metal flange 25 and the insulator 26.
A distance between the main tiers 28 through 43 is selected depending upon requirements imposed upon the radiation pattern of the aerial in the vertical plane, taking into account the ratio (D/X and the number of the main radiators 44 in each tier. As regards the aerial in question, in it said distance between the main tiers 28 through 43 is roughly equal to 0.45 )t The distance between the additional tier 45 and the adjacent main tiers 35 and 36 maybe somewhat increased; in the aerial under review, this distance equals 0.75 A
An example of an aerial with a directional radiation pattern is furnished by an aerial consisting of four tiers 61 through 64 (FIG. 8) mounted upon a cylindrical support 65 with a diameter D 1.17 A Each tier 61 through 64 of the given aerial comprises three radiators 66 which, according to the invention, are arranged equidistantly along a portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the support 65, within a sector of less than 360, and are energized with currents having different phases. In this embodiment, the sector of the equidistant arrangement of the radiators 66 equals 180.
The angle of the consecutive offset in azimuth of the radiators 66 from the upper tier 61 to the lower tier 64 is (Ill/4) 22.5", where 1; is an angle between adjacent radiators, with phases of the energizing current consecutively increasing by 90.
The power circuit of this aerial, the embodiment thereof and the structure of the radiator are analogous to those of the aerial in FIG. 1.
Reference numeral 67 in FIG. 8 indicates radio frequency lines of an equal length connecting the radiators 66 of each tier to one point of connection 68 which is connected, by means of radio frequency lines 69 through 72 and via point of connection 73, to a power source 74. The lines 69 through 72 differ in their length by (h /4), (A /2) and A M.
An embodiment of an aerial with a directional radiation pattern and with an additional tier of additional radiators is illustrated in FIG. 9. The aerial comprises eight main tiers 75 through 82 of radiators 83 and one additional tier 84 of additional radiators 85 mounted upon a current-conducting cylindrical support 86 with a diameter D 1.17 A
Each main tier 75 through 82 comprises three radiators 83 arranged equidistantly along a portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the support 86, which is less than 360, and are energized with currents of different phases. In the present example, this portion of the periphery equals 180. The angle of the consecutive offset in azimuth of the radiators 83 from the upper tier 75 to the lower tier 82, (41/4) 22.5, whereas the phases of the current energizing them increase in consecutive order by an angle of The additional tier 84 comprises sixteen additional radiators 85. The structure and arrangement of said additional tier 84, the power circuit of the aerial and its embodiment and the structure of the radiator are analogous to those of the aerial in FIG. 3. The reference numerals 87 and 88 indicate radio frequency lines of an equal length connecting the radiators 83 and the additional radiators 85, respectively, to one of points of connection 89 and 90, respectively, which are coupled, by means of radio frequency lines 91 through 95 and via a point of connection 96, to a power source 97. For greater clarity, only one point of connection of four radiators 85 in the ad ditional tier 84 is shown.
An example of an aerial with passive dipoles in each tier for obtaining a non-directional radiation pattern in the horizontal plane is shown in FIG. 10.
The frequency range of this aerial is 88 to I08 MHz.
The aerial is mounted upon a current-conducting cylindrical support 98 with a diameter D 0. l4 A, and comprises eight tiers 99 through 106 of radiators 107 and passive dipoles 108. In the present example, the radiators 107 are arranged equidistantly along the entire periphery of the cross-section of the support 98. The power circuit of the aerial under review, the embodiment thereof and the structure of the radiator are analogous to those of the aerial in FIG. 1. The reference numeral 109 indicates radio frequency lines of an equal length connecting the radiators 107 to one point of connection 110, which are coupled by meansof radio frequency lines 111 through 114 and via a point of connection 115 to a power source 116.
The angle '11 (FIG. 11) between the radiators 107 is equal to In each tier, these radiators are energized with cophasal currents. In addition, each tier of the aerial comprises two (which is the number of radiators) passive dipoles 108 which are arranged in immediate proximity to the radiators 107 (FIG. 18) and equidistantly along the periphery of the cross-section of the support 98 and which are offset in azimuth relative to the radiators 107 by an angle of 45. The angle of displacement of the radiators 107 and the passive dipoles 108 following a consecutive turn from tier to tier, (Ill/4) 45, whereas the phases of the energizing current are changed inconsecutive order by 90. The angle of displacement of the passive dipoles 108 with respect to the radiators 107 may assume other values, depending upon the ratio D/A and an angle I; between radiators in a tier.
The radiator 107 (FIG. 11) is analogous to the radia tor 14 (FIG. 2) and is made as the hollow metal cylinder 23 (FIG. 11) with the lid 24, fastened to the support 98 by means of the metal flange 25 and the insulator 26. The passive dipole 108 in the present example is made as a hollow metal cylinder 117 with a length of close to ).,,/4 covered at its outer face end by a lid 118. Said cylinder 117 is electrically connected to the support 98. Used instead of the above-listed passive dipole may be other assymmetrical radiators electrically connected to the support.
Examples of embodiments of an aerial with a nondirectional radiation pattern in the horizontal plane, with passive dipoles in the main tiers and an additional tier of additional radiators; of an aerial with a directional radiation pattern in the horizontal plane with passive dipoles in the main tiers and an additional tier of additional radiators are not given, since it is easy, with the aid of those contained in the present disclosure, to build such aerials, in accordance with the invention.
In discussing the operating principle of the proposed aerial illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3, we shall only consider radiation patterns of one tier.
If the angle ill between adjacent radiators 14, 44 of the main tier 2, 28 is selected to be less than an angle B [(ah lD) 5.73] the radiation pattern of one tier F in the horizontal plane (FIG. 12) is described, with a high degree of accuracy, by the function where qb is the varying angle in. the azimuthal plane.
As the adjacent tier 3, 29 is offset in azimuth by an angle ill/4 and its current phase is displaced by an angle of 90, the radiation pattern of this tier is described as follows: g2]() J 005 14 1 )l The resultant radiation pattern of both tiers is as fol- QW F 1?) 101 F205). 7,?" g, which. q pond to a circular radiation pattern 7 Suppose we divide the entire aerial (FIG. 1) into pairs of adjacent tiers; we shall note, then, that their fields add together and that the radiationpattern of the entire aerial is also circular.
The radiation pattern (FIG. 13) of the aerial of FIG. I in the mid-band frequency is uniform within :1.5 dB. In the frequency range corresponding to TV Band 11 (i0. l5 A the radiation pattern is uniform within :l .8 dB.
The production of a non-directional radiation pattern by the additional tier 45 (FIGS. 3 and may be explained in a similar way. Its additional radiators 46 are energized with a phase of 0 and 180 and form radiation patterns which are described as follows:
The radiation pattern of the radiators 46 that are energized with a phase of 90 and 270 is displaced in space by an angle (ill/4) 22.5. Taking into account the fact that the phase of the fields radiated by adjacent additional radiators 46 is shifted through 90, the overall radiation pattern of the additional tier 45 also turns out to be non-directional.
In order to fill the zeros in the radiation pattern in the vertical plane, the additional tier 45 of the aerial under review is additionally displaced in phase by 30. A similar effect may be obtained by respectively shifting the additional radiators 46 of the additional tier 45 through an appropriate angle in azimuth relative to the remaining radiators.
The aerial has additional provisions for compensating the radiation characteristic in the vertical plane. It is seen from FIGS. 3 and 5 that the extreme main tiers 28 and 43 in which the radiators 44 are energized with a phase of 0 are located farther from the additional tier 45 than the main tiers 29 and 42 whose radiators 44 are energized with phases of 270 and 90.
This may somewhat raise the non-uniformity of the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane, which is prevented by additionally shifting the radiators 44 of the main tiers 28, 35, 36 and 43 by an angle A 4. The direction of the additional shift of the radiators 44 of the above-listed main tiers are shown in FIG. 5. The experimental radiation pattern of the aerial shown in FIG. 3 in the midband frequency (FIG. 14) is uniform within 1t] .3 dB. In the frequency range of TV Band III (1014 M), the radiation pattern is uniform within 11.8 dB.
The directional radiation pattern shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is marked by the fact that the portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the supports and 86, respectively, placed equidistantly within which in the main tiers 61 through 64 and through 82 are the radiators 66 and 83, is less than 360.
The radiation pattern of the aerial shown in FIG. 8 in the mid-band frequency range (FIG. 15) is uniform in the serviceable sector, which is close to 180, within $1.5 dB, and within $2.2 dB in the frequency range of 10.15.
The principle of forming the radiation pattern of the aerial in FIG. 10 with the radiators 107 and the passive dipoles 108 is analogous to that of FIGS. 1 and 3.
The radiation pattern of the aerial in the mid-band frequency (FIG. 16) is uniform within 120.8 dB. At the extreme frequencies of the range of 10.1 h the radiation pattern is uniform within $1.1 dB.
In contrast to the currently employed transmitting stacked aerials, in the proposed aerial (owing to the fact that its tiers are turned in consecutive order by an angle 111/4 and that'radiators of each next tier are fed with currents displaced in phase by it is possible to substantially reduce the intercoupling between the tiers of the radiators. As a result, the radiation pattern obtained is close to the required one. Experimental data obtained with the use of the proposed aerial with different ratios (D/k in the operating frequency range corroborate the assertion that the given aerial is capable of producing radiation patterns which are less nonuniform than those of the existing aerials.
Equidistant distribution of radiators in the tiers with an angle between adjacent radiators determined by the ratio D/Ao enables the proposed aerial to operate on supports of any diameter, with an optimum number of radiators in the tiers.
Energizing radiators in the tiers with cophasal currents makes the radiation pattern practically independent of the geometry of the radiators, which substantially facilitates the adjustment of the aerial.
The use of radially oriented radiators reduces wind loads and accounts for the simplicity of design; this makes for a simple and effective protection of their input from the atmospheric effects, improves conditions for operation, servicing and repair and considerably raises the reliability of the aerial.
What is claimed is:
l. A transmitting stacked aerial comprising:
a current-conducting cylindrical support;
several tiers of radiators mounted on said support and radially oriented with respect to the surface thereof;
each said tier comprising a preset number of said radiators arranged equidistantly within at least some portion of the periphery of the cross-section of said support;
said radiators of each said tier offset in azimuth relative to the respective radiators of the adjacent tier by a preset angle;
said angle of turn of the adjacent tiers being equal to ill/4, where ml: is an angle between adjacent radiators in the same tier, the turn being effected from tier to tier inone direction;
said angle ill between adjacent radiators in the same tier being less than an angle ,8 [(ZMD) 57.3], where D is the diameter of said support, and A is the mid-band wavelength: radio frequency lines of an equal length electrically interconnecting said radiators of each tier to one point of connection, which provides for energizing the radiators in each tier with cophasal currents; 9
a power source of said radiators electrically connected to said points of connection so that the currents energizing the radiators of adjacent tiers are displaced in phase by 90, said displacement in phase being effected from tier to tier in one direction.
2. A transmitting stacked aerial comprising:
a current-conducting cylindrical support;
an even number of main tiers of radiators mounted upon said support and radially oriented with respect to the surface thereof;
each said tier comprising a preset number of said radiators arranged equidistantly within at least some portion of the periphery of the cross-section of said support;
said radiators of each said tier being offset in azimuth relative to the respective radiators of the adjacent tier by a preset angle;
said angle of turn between adjacent tiers equal to til/4,
where t]: is an angle between adjacent radiators in the same tier, the turn from tier to tier being effected in one direction; said angle ll! between adjacent radiators in the same tier being less than an angle B [(ZA /D) 57.3], where D is the diameter of said support, and A, is the mid-band wavelength;
one additional tier of additional radiators designed to eliminate troughs in the radiation pattern in the vertical plane. arranged in the middle of the radiating portion of the aerial symmetrically with regard to the first and last main tiers;
additional radiators arranged equidistantly along the periphery of the cross-section of said support and radially oriented relative to its surface, an angle 2 between adjacent additional radiators being less than an angle first radio frequency lines of an equal length electrically interconnecting said radiators of each main tier to one point of connection, which makes for energizing the radiators in each main tier with cophasal currents;
second radio frequency lines of an equal length electrically interconnecting the additional radiators, which are offset in azimuth relative to one another by an angle of 4 E, to one point of connection, which ensures energizing these radiators with cophasal currents;
a power source of said main radiators and additional radiators electrically connected with said points of connection of the main tiers so that the currents energizing the main radiators in adjacent tiers are displaced in phase by said phase displacement being effected in consecutive order from tier to tier in one direction;
said power source electrically connected to said points of connection of the additional tier so that the currents energizing adjacent additional radiators are displaced in phase by 90, said phase displacement being effected in consecutive order from radiator to radiator so that the direction of that phase displacement from radiator to radiator of the additional tier in the direction of the selected turn of adjacent main tiers coincides with that of the phase displacement of the main radiators of the main tiers from tier to tier following the turn thereof.
3. A transmitting stacked aerial, as claimed in claim 1, wherein a preset portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the support is determined by the entire perimeter of that cross-section of the support and is equal to 360.
4. A transmitting stacked aerial, as claimed in claim 2, wherein a preset portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the support is determined by the entire perimeter of that cross-section of the support and is equal to 360, said angle 2 between adjacent additional radiators being four times less than said angle 1b.
5. A transmitting stacked aerial, as claimed in claim 1, wherein arranged in immediate proximity to said radiators in each said tier are passive dipoles whose number is equal to that of the radiators and which are mounted u on said support and are radially oriented with regar to the surface thereof.
6. A transmitting stacked aerial, as claimed in claim 2, wherein arranged in immediate proximity to the main radiators in each main tier are passive dipoles whose number is equal to that of the radiators and which are mounted upon said support and are radially oriented with regard to the surface thereof.
7. A transmitting stacked aerial, as claimed in claim 3, wherein arranged in immediate proximity to said radiators in each said tier are passive dipoles whose number is equal to that of the radiators and which are mounted u on said support and are radially oriented with regar to the surface thereof.
8. A transmitting stacked aerial, as claimed in claim 4, wherein arranged in immediate proximity to the main radiators in each train tier are passive dipoles whose number is equal to that of the radiators and which are mounted upon said support and are radially oriented with regard to the surface thereof.

Claims (8)

1. A transmitting stacked aerial comprising: a current-conducting cylindrical support; several tiers of radiators mounted on said support and radially oriented with respect to the surface thereof; each said tier comprising a preset number of said radiators arranged equidistantly within at least some portion of the periphery of the cross-section of said support; said radiators of each said tier offset in azimuth relative to the respective radiators of the adjacent tier by a preset angle; said angle of turn of the adjacent tiers being equal to psi /4, where psi is an angle between adjacent radiators in the same tier, the turn being effected from tier to tier inone direction; said angle psi between adjacent radiators in the same tier being less than an angle Beta ((2 lambda o/D) . 57.3)*, where D is the diameter of said support, and lambda o is the mid-band wavelength: radio frequency lines of an equal length electrically interconnecting said radiators of each tier to one point of connection, which provides for energizing the radiators in each tier with cophasal currents; 9 a power source of said radiators electrically connected to said points of connection so that the currEnts energizing the radiators of adjacent tiers are displaced in phase by 90*, said displacement in phase being effected from tier to tier in one direction.
2. A transmitting stacked aerial comprising: a current-conducting cylindrical support; an even number of main tiers of radiators mounted upon said support and radially oriented with respect to the surface thereof; each said tier comprising a preset number of said radiators arranged equidistantly within at least some portion of the periphery of the cross-section of said support; said radiators of each said tier being offset in azimuth relative to the respective radiators of the adjacent tier by a preset angle; said angle of turn between adjacent tiers equal to psi /4, where psi is an angle between adjacent radiators in the same tier, the turn from tier to tier being effected in one direction; said angle psi between adjacent radiators in the same tier being less than an angle Beta ((2 lambda o/D) . 57.3)*, where D is the diameter of said support, and lambda o is the mid-band wavelength; one additional tier of additional radiators designed to eliminate troughs in the radiation pattern in the vertical plane, arranged in the middle of the radiating portion of the aerial symmetrically with regard to the first and last main tiers; additional radiators arranged equidistantly along the periphery of the cross-section of said support and radially oriented relative to its surface, an angle Sigma between adjacent additional radiators being less than an angle gamma (( lambda o/2D) . 57.3)* first radio frequency lines of an equal length electrically interconnecting said radiators of each main tier to one point of connection, which makes for energizing the radiators in each main tier with cophasal currents; second radio frequency lines of an equal length electrically interconnecting the additional radiators, which are offset in azimuth relative to one another by an angle of 4 Sigma , to one point of connection, which ensures energizing these radiators with cophasal currents; a power source of said main radiators and additional radiators electrically connected with said points of connection of the main tiers so that the currents energizing the main radiators in adjacent tiers are displaced in phase by 90*, said phase displacement being effected in consecutive order from tier to tier in one direction; said power source electrically connected to said points of connection of the additional tier so that the currents energizing adjacent additional radiators are displaced in phase by 90*, said phase displacement being effected in consecutive order from radiator to radiator so that the direction of that phase displacement from radiator to radiator of the additional tier in the direction of the selected turn of adjacent main tiers coincides with that of the phase displacement of the main radiators of the main tiers from tier to tier following the turn thereof.
3. A transmitting stacked aerial, as claimed in claim 1, wherein a preset portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the support is determined by the entire perimeter of that cross-section of the support and is equal to 360*.
4. A transmitting stacked aerial, as claimed in claim 2, wherein a preset portion of the periphery of the cross-section of the support is determined by the entire perimeter of that cross-section of the support and is equal to 360*, said angle Sigma between adjacent additional radiators being four times less than said angle psi .
5. A transmitting stacked aerial, as claimed in claim 1, wherein arranged in immediate proximity to said radiators in each said tier are passive dipoles whose number is equal to that of the radiators and which are mounted upon said support and are radially oriented with regard to the surface thereof.
6. A transmiTting stacked aerial, as claimed in claim 2, wherein arranged in immediate proximity to the main radiators in each main tier are passive dipoles whose number is equal to that of the radiators and which are mounted upon said support and are radially oriented with regard to the surface thereof.
7. A transmitting stacked aerial, as claimed in claim 3, wherein arranged in immediate proximity to said radiators in each said tier are passive dipoles whose number is equal to that of the radiators and which are mounted upon said support and are radially oriented with regard to the surface thereof.
8. A transmitting stacked aerial, as claimed in claim 4, wherein arranged in immediate proximity to the main radiators in each train tier are passive dipoles whose number is equal to that of the radiators and which are mounted upon said support and are radially oriented with regard to the surface thereof.
US00406615A 1973-07-18 1973-10-15 Transmitting stacked aerial Expired - Lifetime US3829864A (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3975733A (en) * 1974-11-22 1976-08-17 Bogner Richard D Transmitting antenna employing radial fins
US4031536A (en) * 1975-11-03 1977-06-21 Andrew Alford Stacked arrays for broadcasting elliptically polarized waves
US5534882A (en) * 1994-02-03 1996-07-09 Hazeltine Corporation GPS antenna systems
US20040174317A1 (en) * 2003-03-03 2004-09-09 Andrew Corporation Low visual impact monopole tower for wireless communications
US20120137669A1 (en) * 2010-12-01 2012-06-07 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Torque converter drive connection
US20150115117A1 (en) * 2012-06-15 2015-04-30 Kathrein-Werke Kg Retainer system for a mobile-telephony antenna and a mobile-telephony component
US20160365624A1 (en) * 2015-06-09 2016-12-15 Commscope Technologies Llc Wrap around antenna

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3975733A (en) * 1974-11-22 1976-08-17 Bogner Richard D Transmitting antenna employing radial fins
US4031536A (en) * 1975-11-03 1977-06-21 Andrew Alford Stacked arrays for broadcasting elliptically polarized waves
US5534882A (en) * 1994-02-03 1996-07-09 Hazeltine Corporation GPS antenna systems
US20040174317A1 (en) * 2003-03-03 2004-09-09 Andrew Corporation Low visual impact monopole tower for wireless communications
US6999042B2 (en) 2003-03-03 2006-02-14 Andrew Corporation Low visual impact monopole tower for wireless communications
US20120137669A1 (en) * 2010-12-01 2012-06-07 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Torque converter drive connection
US8991166B2 (en) * 2010-12-01 2015-03-31 Schaeffler Technologies Ag & Co Kg Torque converter drive connection
US20150115117A1 (en) * 2012-06-15 2015-04-30 Kathrein-Werke Kg Retainer system for a mobile-telephony antenna and a mobile-telephony component
US9882260B2 (en) * 2012-06-15 2018-01-30 Kathrein-Werke Kg Retainer system for a mobile-telephony antenna and a mobile-telephony component
US20160365624A1 (en) * 2015-06-09 2016-12-15 Commscope Technologies Llc Wrap around antenna
US10483627B2 (en) * 2015-06-09 2019-11-19 Commscope Technologies Llc Wrap around antenna
US11165140B2 (en) 2015-06-09 2021-11-02 Commscope Technologies Llc Wrap around antenna

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