US2875485A - Precision casting mold and method of making the same - Google Patents

Precision casting mold and method of making the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US2875485A
US2875485A US475244A US47524454A US2875485A US 2875485 A US2875485 A US 2875485A US 475244 A US475244 A US 475244A US 47524454 A US47524454 A US 47524454A US 2875485 A US2875485 A US 2875485A
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United States
Prior art keywords
composition
mold
bonding agent
pattern
refractory
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US475244A
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English (en)
Inventor
Schneider Hans
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Sulzer AG
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Sulzer AG
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Publication date
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Publication of US2875485A publication Critical patent/US2875485A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns

Definitions

  • Fig. 2 The pattern assembly as shown in Fig. 2 is ready for coating by immersing or spraying with a mixture consisting of a solid filler material and a suitable liquid binder.
  • the binder serves'to provide a close refractory film and the refractory filler material should have the property of forming a very smooth and refractory surface in contact with the wax pattern so that the cast article will be as smooth as possible.
  • the pattern assembly is then placed on a molding ask base plate 14 provided with a hole or perforation 1S as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.
  • a cylindrical flask'16 is then fitted over the whole pattern assembly and the joint between base plate 14 and the'flask 16 sealed with wax or by any other suitable sealing composition.
  • a quick setting refractory mixture is thenpo-ured into the flask thus formed and permitted to stand until the mixture has suiciently solidified to form a plate 19.
  • the backing material consists of a refractory composition, a binder, or bonding agent, and a carrier for the bonding agent.
  • the refractory material may consist of a granular material such as molding sand or quartz.
  • the binding material is composed of a dry, finely ground powder at room temperature which becomes an effective bonding agent at the temperatures used to bake the mold.
  • the carrier for the bonding agent is a pulverulent substance having a large active surface and which will readily absorb the inorganic bonding agent.
  • the pulverulent carrier substance is impregnated with a solution of the bonding agent or with a fluid medium containing the bonding agent in a fairly finely divided solid form and subsequently dried. The dried pulverulent mass is then mixed with the refractory component of the investment composition.
  • the pattern assembly provided with the thin non-selfsupporting coating 17 is thus completely embedded in the backing material 18.
  • the whole assembly is then placed on a vibration table, and vibrated sufficiently to insure that all surfaces of the coated pattern assembly are backed bythe backing material.
  • a cover 20 is formed by pouring the same refractory mixture as used for the plate 19 on to the surface of the backing material.
  • the assembly shown in Fig. 3 is transferred into a furnace and fired by heating at a temperature of approximately 80G-900 C. for 6-8 hours.
  • This lfiring treatment causes the pattern material and the sprue material to melt.
  • the wax or synthetic resin will partly flow out through the hole or perforation 15 or be burned.
  • the bonding agent imparts a uniform cohesive strength to the investment.
  • the investment compound having thus been consolidated has the property of protecting the thin mold layer effectively against destruction by the inowing metal.
  • Fig. 4 shows the fired mold ready for casting. Molten metal is poured through the ingate 21 While the mold is still hot. The ring of the mold transforms the backing material into a refractory body 22 to which the coating 17 adheres.
  • refractory materials such as molding sands or quartz may be utilized as the refractory constituent of the backing composition Without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the utilization of the dry pourable backing composition of the present invention entails a particularly careful bonding of the granular, refractory constituents of the backing up composition which on baking the mold im- Vately high temperature.
  • the backing up composition having been bonded, is adapted to protect the thin mold layer reliably against destruction by the intlowing molten metal.
  • suitable inorganic bonding compounds are liquid dispersions of gelatinous bonding agents such as complex aluminium pyrophosphates, alkali-metal Zirconates, alkali-metal titanates, titanic acids, zirconic acids, or oxychlorides such as magnesium oxychlorides. These compounds are distinguished in that at room temperature they exhibit a gel-like structure in a dry condition.
  • Other examples are solutions of borates, such as borax dissolved in water, phosphoric acid and boric acid. Solutions of phosphates such as primary sodium phosphate may also be used.
  • compositions for the inorganic bonding agents may be used in accordance with the present invention.
  • Some examples of carriers which have large active surfaces and exhibit a high adhesivity or capacity of absorbing the inorganic bonding agents due to their porous constitution and their highly particulate surface are infusorial earth, magnesium silicates such as meerschaum, pumice, and asbestos.
  • Other substances have a large active surface and the above properties may also be used as a carrier in accordance with the present invention.
  • the above named compositions however have been found to be particularly advantageous in the present invention.
  • the backing up composition comprising a dry, pulverulent, refractory material, an inorganic bonding agent effective at ternperatures above 600 C. and a carrier for the inorganic bonding agent, a second bonding agent dry at room. temperature and becoming an effective bonding agent at temperatures below the baking temperatures of the mold, or below 600 C.
  • bonding'agents are nely ground synthetic resins, such as silicone resins, which become an effective bonding agent at a moder- This second bonding agent may be used when the rigidity of the raw unbaked molds do not resist the vibrations occurring during their transportation.
  • Example A plurality of wax patterns of a small flat bottomed hollow cylindrical article were assembled together with a sprue in the form of a tree-like structure which serve as a positive pattern for therproduction of the casting mold.
  • the sprue was similarly -made of wax.
  • the composite Vtree-like pattern thus constructed was then dipped into a liquid mold forming composition of a mixture prepared from finely comminuted quartz and partly hydrolized yethyl silicate dissolved in alcohol as is well known in the yart.
  • the thin non-self-supporting film deposited on the pattern was about 0.5-1 mm. in thickness. This coating was then dried and the pattern placed with the sprue downward upon a plate perforated for the subsequent discharge of the molten wax pattern.
  • a cylindrical molders flask made of heat-resisting sheet metal was then placed over the entire coated pattern and the joint between the flask and the perforated plate was then sealed olf with wax.
  • the molders flask was then filled up witha dry, pourabley backing up composition which was prepared asy follows: 600 gramsof primary sodium phosphate was dissolved in v2 liters of Water and the solution added to 2.4 kg. of comminuted infusorial earth.
  • Infusorial earth consists of the minute fragments of the shells of silicious algae (diatomae). It is characterized by a very large active surface.
  • the mixture of primary sodium phosphate and infusorial earth was thoroughly kneaded and dried overnight at about 120 C. The dried composition was then ground and particles above 40 microns removed therefrom by means of a ne mesh screen. 6 parts by weight of the pulverulent substance thus obtained were mixed with 94 parts by weight of quartz sand having a particle size between 0.5 and 1.0 mm., and the whole thoroughly commingled in a rotary drum.
  • the molders flask was transferred into a baking furnace and gradually raised to a baking temperature of 800 C. during a period of 6-8 hours.
  • the sodium phosphate deposited upon the infusorial earth fuses and in that state exerts the desired bonding action on the investment composition.
  • the mold prior to being baked is transferred into a drying oven in which the wax is caused to run out at a slightly raised temperature.
  • liquid metal was poured in the mold.
  • the two 'covers were broken up and the waste mold forming cornposition knocked out of the molders ask.
  • the castings may be readily taken out of the backing up composition and freed from any mold forming composition still adhering thereto in any conventional manner.
  • the finished castings exhibited a perfectly smooth surface free from blemishes and form a particularly true replica of the pattern parts.
  • Casting molds produced in accordance with the process of the invention are adapted for static castings as well as for making castings on a centrifugal casting machine.
  • the method of making a unitary precision casting mold by means of a pattern destroyable in the mold which comprises coating the pattern with at least one mold forming layer having the form of a thin non-selfsupporting coating, placing the pattern in a molders llask, backing up the coated pattern with an investment composition comprising a dry pourable composition containing a granular, refractory, molding composition, an inorganic bonding agent, and a carrier which is a member selected from the group consisting of infusorial earth, magnesium silicate, meerschaum, pumice, and asbestos impregnated with the bonding agent comprising a dry,
  • pulverulent composition having a large active and porous surface and a high capacity for absorbing inorganic bonding agents, the particle size of said refractory composition being substantially larger than the particle size of said impregnated carrier, and heating the mold to the baking temperature of the mold to destroy the mold pattern and to permit adherence of the pattern coating to the backing up composition, said carrier impregnated with said inorganic bonding agent being dry and pulverulent at room temperature and said bonding agent becoming an effective bonding agent at the temperature used to bake the mold.
  • alkali-metal titanates alkali-metal titanates.
  • An investment back up composition for unitary precision casting molds in which the mold pattern is defined by at least one mold forming layer in the form of a thin non-self-supporting coating and in which the molds are formed by baking the coated pattern and back up composition
  • a dry, pulverulent, pourable composition containing a granular, refractory, molding composition and a carrier which is a member selected from the group consisting of infusorial earth, magnesium silicate, meerschaum, pumice, and asbestos impregnated with an inorganic bonding agent
  • said carrier comprising a dry, pulverulent composition having a large active a'nd porous surface and a high capacity for absorbing inorganic bonding agents, and said bonding agent being dry and pulverulent at room temperatures and becoming an effective bonding agent at the temperature used to bake the mold, said back up composition.
  • said back up composition comprising between about to 96 parts by weight of refractory material, between about 3 to 10 parts by weight carrier, and between about 1 to 5 parts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
US475244A 1953-12-17 1954-12-14 Precision casting mold and method of making the same Expired - Lifetime US2875485A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2875485X 1953-12-17

Publications (1)

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US2875485A true US2875485A (en) 1959-03-03

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US475244A Expired - Lifetime US2875485A (en) 1953-12-17 1954-12-14 Precision casting mold and method of making the same

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US (1) US2875485A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH317204A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (2) NL184224B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3108341A (en) * 1960-04-11 1963-10-29 Gen Motors Corp Method of casting apertured articles
US3188705A (en) * 1958-12-29 1965-06-15 Gen Motors Corp Mold core
US3191252A (en) * 1958-12-29 1965-06-29 Gen Motors Corp Coating protection of metal surfaces during casting
US3610317A (en) * 1969-04-11 1971-10-05 James W Benfield Crucible former
US3628598A (en) * 1968-10-23 1971-12-21 Modern Equipment Co Casting molds
US3648760A (en) * 1970-04-27 1972-03-14 Abraham J Cooper Precision investment casting apparatus
US4109699A (en) * 1974-10-02 1978-08-29 Precision Metalsmiths, Inc. Pattern assembly
US4617977A (en) * 1982-07-03 1986-10-21 Rolls-Royce Limited Ceramic casting mould and a method for its manufacture
US20040084169A1 (en) * 2002-10-30 2004-05-06 Ford Motor Company Method for producing a freeze-cast substrate
EP1392461A4 (en) * 2001-06-07 2004-07-07 Ondeo Nalco Co METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF EXECUTION CUPS
US6766850B2 (en) * 2001-12-27 2004-07-27 Caterpillar Inc Pressure casting using a supported shell mold

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2027932A (en) * 1934-01-20 1936-01-14 Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp Mold and method for its production
US2388299A (en) * 1943-09-27 1945-11-06 Gen Electric Method of fabricating molds
GB585665A (en) * 1943-06-18 1947-02-18 Horace Campbell Hall Casting metals
US2441695A (en) * 1944-05-31 1948-05-18 Austenal Lab Inc Casting mold
US2521614A (en) * 1946-01-30 1950-09-05 Emerik Imre Valyi Investment compositions and method of producing refractory molds therefrom
GB703607A (en) * 1951-11-14 1954-02-03 Gen Motors Corp Improvements in thin-walled moulds and cores for casting metals
US2682692A (en) * 1950-10-25 1954-07-06 Everard F Kohl Process of preparing precision castings
US2720687A (en) * 1952-03-01 1955-10-18 Joseph Greenblatt M Method of making molds or cores utilizing a backup cover
US2736077A (en) * 1956-02-28 Method of making shell mold

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2736077A (en) * 1956-02-28 Method of making shell mold
US2027932A (en) * 1934-01-20 1936-01-14 Carbide & Carbon Chem Corp Mold and method for its production
GB585665A (en) * 1943-06-18 1947-02-18 Horace Campbell Hall Casting metals
US2388299A (en) * 1943-09-27 1945-11-06 Gen Electric Method of fabricating molds
US2441695A (en) * 1944-05-31 1948-05-18 Austenal Lab Inc Casting mold
US2521614A (en) * 1946-01-30 1950-09-05 Emerik Imre Valyi Investment compositions and method of producing refractory molds therefrom
US2682692A (en) * 1950-10-25 1954-07-06 Everard F Kohl Process of preparing precision castings
GB703607A (en) * 1951-11-14 1954-02-03 Gen Motors Corp Improvements in thin-walled moulds and cores for casting metals
US2720687A (en) * 1952-03-01 1955-10-18 Joseph Greenblatt M Method of making molds or cores utilizing a backup cover

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3188705A (en) * 1958-12-29 1965-06-15 Gen Motors Corp Mold core
US3191252A (en) * 1958-12-29 1965-06-29 Gen Motors Corp Coating protection of metal surfaces during casting
US3108341A (en) * 1960-04-11 1963-10-29 Gen Motors Corp Method of casting apertured articles
US3628598A (en) * 1968-10-23 1971-12-21 Modern Equipment Co Casting molds
US3610317A (en) * 1969-04-11 1971-10-05 James W Benfield Crucible former
US3648760A (en) * 1970-04-27 1972-03-14 Abraham J Cooper Precision investment casting apparatus
US4109699A (en) * 1974-10-02 1978-08-29 Precision Metalsmiths, Inc. Pattern assembly
US4617977A (en) * 1982-07-03 1986-10-21 Rolls-Royce Limited Ceramic casting mould and a method for its manufacture
EP1392461A4 (en) * 2001-06-07 2004-07-07 Ondeo Nalco Co METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF EXECUTION CUPS
US6766850B2 (en) * 2001-12-27 2004-07-27 Caterpillar Inc Pressure casting using a supported shell mold
US20040211547A1 (en) * 2001-12-27 2004-10-28 Caterpiller Inc. Pressure casting using a supported shell mold
US7032647B2 (en) 2001-12-27 2006-04-25 Caterpillar Inc. Pressure casting using a supported shell mold
US20040084169A1 (en) * 2002-10-30 2004-05-06 Ford Motor Company Method for producing a freeze-cast substrate
US6796366B2 (en) * 2002-10-30 2004-09-28 Ford Motor Company Method for producing a freeze-cast substrate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL184224B (nl)
CH317204A (de) 1956-11-15
NL94461C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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