US2867559A - Method for producing grain oriented silicon steel - Google Patents

Method for producing grain oriented silicon steel Download PDF

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Publication number
US2867559A
US2867559A US631889A US63188956A US2867559A US 2867559 A US2867559 A US 2867559A US 631889 A US631889 A US 631889A US 63188956 A US63188956 A US 63188956A US 2867559 A US2867559 A US 2867559A
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percent
sheet
cold
silicon
grain
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US631889A
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English (en)
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John E May
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Priority to BE563544D priority Critical patent/BE563544A/xx
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US631889A priority patent/US2867559A/en
Priority to GB39886/57A priority patent/GB833115A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B3/00—Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences ; Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metals
    • B21B3/02—Rolling special iron alloys, e.g. stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the working step(s) being of interest
    • C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D3/00—Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D3/02—Extraction of non-metals
    • C21D3/04—Decarburising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
    • C21D8/1266—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest between cold rolling steps

Definitions

  • This invention relates to polycrystalline, magnetically soft, rolled sheet metal composed principally of an alloy of iron and silicon and, more particularly, to a process for manufacturing such materials wherein a high percentage of the grains comprising the material are each caused to have their crystal space lattices arranged in a substantially identical relationship to the plane of the sheet and to a single direction in the plane of the sheet.
  • the sheet materials to which my invention is related are usually referred to in the art as electrical silicon steel or, more properly, silicon-iron, composed primarily of iron alloyed with about 2.5 to 4.0 percent silicon and containing relatively minor amounts of impurities such as sulfur, manganese, phosphorus and, preferably, a very low carbon content.
  • Such alloys crystallize in the bodycentered cubic crystallographic system at room temperature. As is well known, this refers to the symmetrical distribution or arrangement which the atoms forming the individual crystals or grains assume in such materials. In these materials the smallest prism possessing the full symmetry of the crystal is termed the unit cell and is cubic in form.
  • This unit cube is composed of nine atoms, eight arranged at the corners of the unit cube with the remaining atom positioned at the geometric center of the cube.
  • Each unit cell in a given grain or crystal in these materials is substantially identical in shape and orientation with every other unit cell comprising the grain.
  • the unit cells or body-centered unit cubes comprising these materials each have a high degree of magnetic anisotropy with respect and directions of the unit cube, and hence, each grain or crystal comprising a plurality of such unit cells exhibits a similar anisotropy.
  • crystals of the silicon-iron alloys to which this invention is directed are known to have their direction of easiest magnetization parallel to the unit cube edges, their next easiest direction of magnetization perpendicular to a plane passed through diagonally oppositeparallel unit cube edges and their least easiest direction of magnetization perpendicular to a plane passed through a pair of diagonally opposite atoms in a first unit cube face, the central atom and a single atom in the unit cube face which is parallel to the first face.
  • these silicon-iron alloys may be fabricated by unidirectional rolling and heat treatment to form sheet or strip material composed of a plurality of. crystals or grains,'a majority of which have their atoms arranged so that their crystallographic planes have a similar or substantially identical orientation to the plane of the sheet or strip and to a single direction in said plane.
  • This material is usually referred to as oriented or grain-oriented silicon iron sheet or strip and is characterized by having 50 percent or more of its component grains oriented so that 4 of the cube edges of the unit cells of such'grainsare substantially parallel to the ,it is desirable to have as high 'a degree of grain orientation as is attainable, preferably more than in order that the magnetic properties in the plane of the sheet and in the rolling direction may approach the maximum attained in single crystals in the direc tion.
  • a principal object of my invention is the provision of a method of fabrication of such silicon-iron alloys to insure that the highest attainable degree of grain orientation may be consistently produced in the final sheet or strip material.
  • FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of the variation in degree of orientation of silicon-iron with respect to intermediate grain size resulting from one method of fabrication
  • Figure 2 is a graph similar to Figure 1 for a different method of fabrication.
  • Figure 3 is a graph similar to Figure 1 for a still different method of fabrication.
  • microstructure of this hot rolled band was of an incompletely recrystallized nature, however, it has been found that this material may be annealed to the completely recrystallized state if desired.
  • this hot rolled band as received was unidirectionally cold rolled to an intermediate thickness of 0.029 inch and portions of the so-rolled strip were annealed in commercial dry hydrogen (dew point about 1 60 F.), each portion for a particular time at a particular temperature.
  • individual portions of the rolled strip were placed on an iron block in the furnace at the temperatures indicated and permitted to remain on the block for the times indicated in Table I. It was found that the rolled strip required about a minute or less to attain a temperature within 5 C. of the block.
  • each strip was then cold rolled to 0.014 inch thickness and portions of each strip were decarburized by annealing in Wet hydrogen (dew point about 90 F.) at 800 C. for 5 minutes. This treatment reduced the carbon content to about 0.002%. These portions of the strips were then annealed at 1000 C. in dry hydrogen (dew point about 60 F.), the heat treatment beginning at 800 C. and reaching 1000 C. in about 20 minutes Where it was held for 3 hours.
  • the next easiest direction of magnetization is in the I110] direction.
  • this specimen is rotated in the unidirectional field in the test, it tends to align itself with a direction of easy magnetization parallel to the direction of the field and to resist movement from such a preferred alignment.
  • the amount of material in any given specimen which is oriented in the desired texture may be determined and expressed in terms of percentage.
  • the measured intermediate grain size of each of the specimen strips for each intermediate heat treatment and the degree of orientation expressed as percent. (110) [0011 texture is listed in Table I. I
  • the relat1onsh1p between the lntermediate measured gram size expressed as average gram diameter in m1ll1- of the intermediate anneal are controlling factors which determine the intermediate grain size and that the intermediate grain size has a direct and controlling relationship to the degree of grain orientation attainable. in the final anneal strip or sheet material.
  • each of these strip specimens were then unidirectionally cold rolled to a final thickness of 0.014 inch thick and treated in the following manner.
  • the specimens were decarburized by heating at 800 C. for 5 minutes in a conventional combusted gas atmosphere prepared by burning a mixture comprising about 6.5 to 1 air-to-gas ratio in a conventional atmosphere-gas converter.
  • This atmosphere contained approximately 5 percent CO percent CO, 14 percent H 1.5 percent CH and 69.5 percent N and had a dew point of about 90 F. It should be noted that other well known dec-ar-. burizing atmospheres may be substituted for this particular atmosphere within the skill of the art.
  • the decarburized specimens were then enclosed in a welded metal box, a dry hydrogen (dew point about 60 F.) atmosphere was provided the interior of the box and the box was charged into a furnace at 200 C.
  • the furnace temperature was raised to 1175 C. as measured at the furnace roof in 4 hours, held at that temperature for 8 hours and furnace cooled to 200 C. in 32 hours.
  • the specimens were removed from the annealing box and after they had cooled to room temperature their degree of orientation was determined by torque magnetometer measurements and are shown in Table III and plotted in Figure 3 in a manner similar to that of Figures 1 and 2.
  • these desirable intermediate grain sizes may be attained by unidirectionally cold rolling an incompletely or completely recrystallized body of this material such as for example, hot rolled band, to effect at least a 40 percent cold reduction, annealing at a temperature of between 700 to less than 1000 C. for a length of time sufiicient to produce an average measured grain size of from about 0.01 mm. to about 0.03 mm., cold reducing the annealed material at least 40 percent by unidirectional rolling, decarburizing and annealing the cold worked material at a temperature of from about 1000 to 1200 C. for a time sufficient to develop the desired high degree of [001] texture.
  • the method of fabricating polycrystalline sheet-like bodies of metal consisting of electrical grade silicon-iron alloy having from about 2.5% to 4.0% silicon comprising the steps of cold reducing an at least partially recrystallized body of such material at least 40 percent by unidirectional rolling to form a body of intermediate thickness, heat treating said cold reduced body of intermediate thickness at a temperature of from 700 C. to 1000 C. to produce a measured average grain size of from about 0.010 mm. to about 0.030 mm, cold reducing said annealed body at least 40 percent by unidirectional rolling to produce a sheet-like body of final thickness and raising the temperature of said cold worked sheet-like body to from about 950 C. to about 1200 C. for a time sufficient to develop the desired high degree of (110) [001] texture.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
US631889A 1956-12-31 1956-12-31 Method for producing grain oriented silicon steel Expired - Lifetime US2867559A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE563544D BE563544A (en)) 1956-12-31
US631889A US2867559A (en) 1956-12-31 1956-12-31 Method for producing grain oriented silicon steel
GB39886/57A GB833115A (en) 1956-12-31 1957-12-23 Improvements in grain oriented sheet silicon steel

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US631889A US2867559A (en) 1956-12-31 1956-12-31 Method for producing grain oriented silicon steel

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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2986485A (en) * 1958-07-28 1961-05-30 Gen Electric Annealing process for magnetic steel strip
US2992952A (en) * 1955-12-01 1961-07-18 Vacuumschmelze Ag Method of manufacturing magnetic sheets
US2992951A (en) * 1960-04-21 1961-07-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Iron-silicon magnetic sheets
US3034212A (en) * 1959-07-17 1962-05-15 Diamond National Corp Method of producing forming screen
US3089795A (en) * 1959-11-18 1963-05-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method for producing fiber texture and cube-texture sheets of iron-base alloys
US3096222A (en) * 1958-08-05 1963-07-02 Gen Electric Grain oriented sheet metal
US3124491A (en) * 1960-05-23 1964-03-10 Heavy gauge double oriented magnetic sheet material
US3165428A (en) * 1962-12-27 1965-01-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Production of thin goss oriented magnetic materials
US3184346A (en) * 1960-01-04 1965-05-18 Gen Electric Grain oriented sheet metal having a vanadium nitride dispersion
US3215566A (en) * 1963-01-10 1965-11-02 Bethlehem Steel Corp Treatment of sheet steel
US3239332A (en) * 1962-03-09 1966-03-08 Fuji Iron & Steel Co Ltd Electric alloy steel containing vanadium and copper
US3271203A (en) * 1962-10-16 1966-09-06 Gen Electric Method for producing oriented silicon-iron
US3278348A (en) * 1965-01-28 1966-10-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Process for producing doubly oriented cube-on-face magnetic sheet material
US3337373A (en) * 1966-08-19 1967-08-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Doubly oriented cube-on-face magnetic sheet containing chromium
US3415696A (en) * 1965-08-16 1968-12-10 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp Process of producing silicon steel laminations having a very large grain size after final anneal
US4478653A (en) * 1983-03-10 1984-10-23 Armco Inc. Process for producing grain-oriented silicon steel
EP0390142A3 (en) * 1989-03-30 1992-09-30 Nippon Steel Corporation Process for producing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having high magnetic flux density
EP0378131A3 (en) * 1989-01-07 1992-09-30 Nippon Steel Corporation A method of manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel strip
EP0400549A3 (en) * 1989-05-29 1992-10-07 Nippon Steel Corporation Process for producing grainoriented electrical steel sheet having superior magnetic and surface film characteristics
US5186762A (en) * 1989-03-30 1993-02-16 Nippon Steel Corporation Process for producing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having high magnetic flux density

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2158065A (en) * 1935-01-09 1939-05-16 American Rolling Mill Co Art of producing magnetic materials
US2599340A (en) * 1948-10-21 1952-06-03 Armco Steel Corp Process of increasing the permeability of oriented silicon steels

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2158065A (en) * 1935-01-09 1939-05-16 American Rolling Mill Co Art of producing magnetic materials
US2599340A (en) * 1948-10-21 1952-06-03 Armco Steel Corp Process of increasing the permeability of oriented silicon steels

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2992952A (en) * 1955-12-01 1961-07-18 Vacuumschmelze Ag Method of manufacturing magnetic sheets
US2986485A (en) * 1958-07-28 1961-05-30 Gen Electric Annealing process for magnetic steel strip
US3096222A (en) * 1958-08-05 1963-07-02 Gen Electric Grain oriented sheet metal
US3034212A (en) * 1959-07-17 1962-05-15 Diamond National Corp Method of producing forming screen
US3089795A (en) * 1959-11-18 1963-05-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp Method for producing fiber texture and cube-texture sheets of iron-base alloys
US3184346A (en) * 1960-01-04 1965-05-18 Gen Electric Grain oriented sheet metal having a vanadium nitride dispersion
US2992951A (en) * 1960-04-21 1961-07-18 Westinghouse Electric Corp Iron-silicon magnetic sheets
US3124491A (en) * 1960-05-23 1964-03-10 Heavy gauge double oriented magnetic sheet material
US3239332A (en) * 1962-03-09 1966-03-08 Fuji Iron & Steel Co Ltd Electric alloy steel containing vanadium and copper
US3271203A (en) * 1962-10-16 1966-09-06 Gen Electric Method for producing oriented silicon-iron
US3165428A (en) * 1962-12-27 1965-01-12 Westinghouse Electric Corp Production of thin goss oriented magnetic materials
US3215566A (en) * 1963-01-10 1965-11-02 Bethlehem Steel Corp Treatment of sheet steel
US3278348A (en) * 1965-01-28 1966-10-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Process for producing doubly oriented cube-on-face magnetic sheet material
US3415696A (en) * 1965-08-16 1968-12-10 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp Process of producing silicon steel laminations having a very large grain size after final anneal
US3337373A (en) * 1966-08-19 1967-08-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Doubly oriented cube-on-face magnetic sheet containing chromium
US4478653A (en) * 1983-03-10 1984-10-23 Armco Inc. Process for producing grain-oriented silicon steel
EP0378131A3 (en) * 1989-01-07 1992-09-30 Nippon Steel Corporation A method of manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel strip
EP0390142A3 (en) * 1989-03-30 1992-09-30 Nippon Steel Corporation Process for producing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having high magnetic flux density
US5186762A (en) * 1989-03-30 1993-02-16 Nippon Steel Corporation Process for producing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having high magnetic flux density
EP0400549A3 (en) * 1989-05-29 1992-10-07 Nippon Steel Corporation Process for producing grainoriented electrical steel sheet having superior magnetic and surface film characteristics

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BE563544A (en))
GB833115A (en) 1960-04-21

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