US2863083A - X-ray genenrator tubes - Google Patents

X-ray genenrator tubes Download PDF

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US2863083A
US2863083A US648383A US64838357A US2863083A US 2863083 A US2863083 A US 2863083A US 648383 A US648383 A US 648383A US 64838357 A US64838357 A US 64838357A US 2863083 A US2863083 A US 2863083A
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anode
rhenium
ray generator
layer
tubes
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US648383A
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Schram Autoine
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Compagnie Generale de Radiologie SA
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Compagnie Generale de Radiologie SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/08—Targets (anodes) and X-ray converters
    • H01J2235/083—Bonding or fixing with the support or substrate
    • H01J2235/084—Target-substrate interlayers or structures, e.g. to control or prevent diffusion or improve adhesion

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  • X-ray generator tubes In tubes such asX-ray generator tubes, the dissipation of heat from the anode is the principal problem encountered, because almost the whole of the energy of the electron beam is there transformed into heat. In particular, it is the speed of cooling of the anode which limits the rate of making successive exposures, or exposures following viewing. For X-ray generator tubes with a rotatable anode, for example the cooling takes place principally by radiation from the ano-de.
  • the anode at least the part bombarded by the electrons, shall be constituted up to a certain depth (at least 10 microns) of a metal having a high atomic number and which is very refractory. Hitherto generally it is tungsten that is used. Particularly in thetcaseof a rotatable anode, it is desirable that the thermal. capacity shall be great, in order :to allow the storage of a large quantity of heat before reaching the maximum admissible temperature. a
  • Figure 1 is a. diagrammatic elevational view. of. an X- ray generator tube havinga rotatable anode, which may be formed according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a plan view or" the anode assembly of the tube in Figure 1, r
  • Figure 5 is a cross section, on a larger scale, through an anode assembly according to the present invention, in tended for the tube shown in Figures 1 and 2, and
  • Figures 6 and 7 are fragmentary cross-sections of modified constructions of anode assemblies according to this invention.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 there is shown. by way. of example, a type of X-ray generator tube having a rotatable anode.
  • the glass envelope of this tube contains, in a very high vacuum, the cathode system 2, of which the filament or filaments 3 in the concentrating member are located opposite to the conical portion of a disc 7 forming the anode of the tube, which is joinedby a rod of molybdenum 6 and a screw.8, to the rotor 5.
  • a high tension voltage so that the cathode is negative and the anode is positive, .a beam of electrons emitted from the incandescent filament, bombard the focal.
  • the tube structure above described is of a known type and the rate at which successive exposures maybe made, or at which exposures may be made following a viewing,
  • the present invention eliminates these disadvantages by employing the metal rhenium inorder to cover the whole surface, or apart of the surface, of the anode.
  • the thermalemissivity of rhenium is higher than that of tungsten at all temperatures encountered during the operation of the tube.
  • the focal surface can also be covered with rhenium.
  • the present invention also provides X-ray generator tubes with an anode having an increased thermal capacity.
  • rhenium allows a refractory base to be used with highe thermal capacity than tungsten since one is not confinedby the necessity of having a high atomic number.
  • the refractory base may be, for example-, molybdenum, graphite or boron. It is sulfi- 'cient to have on the focal area where the X-rays are produced, a thickness .of rhenium sufficient so that all the X-radiation originates from the rhenium. Molybdenum in particular is interesting.
  • FigureS shows diagrammatically, asection through 'rhenium having a thickness of at least microns on the focal ring.
  • the remainder of the surface of the molybdenum can also be covered with rhenium 14 of the same thickness or of less thickness.
  • the non-focal surface 14 is blackened by a known process.
  • Figure 6 shows a diagrammatic fragmentary section of part of another anode disc, in which the refractory base structure 11, for example of boron, is covered directly with a layer of rhenium 13 extending over the lower surface of the anode.
  • Figure 7 shows a diagrammatic fragmentary section of part of another anode structure according tothis invention, in which the anode consists simply of a massive disc 15 of rhenium. 7
  • the metal rhenium presents, moreover, physical and mechanical characteristics which are advantageous at high temperatures, and which are used by the present invention.
  • a rotating anode of tungsten and rhenium or of rhenium alone allows operation at a higher temperature than an anode of tungsten.
  • Figure 4 shows the speed of cooling of a tungsten anode in curve A and of an anode according to the present invention in curve B.
  • Another recommended process is the deposition in vapour phase, by the decomposition of a halogenide of rhenium, in particular ReCl on a base heated to between 500 and 1500 C. in vacuum, or in an inert gas.
  • Metallisation by spraying and calcining also enables a layer of rhenium to be obtained on a refractory base.
  • An anode for an X-ray generator tube in which at least the part of the anode surface which is adapted to be bombarded with electrons consists of the metal rhe mum.
  • An anode for an X-ray generator tube consisting of a massive disc of the metal rhenium.
  • An anode for an X-ray generator tube consisting of a core of a refractory material covered with a layer of rhenium over at least a part of its surface and extending over at least the focal area of the anode.
  • An anode for an X-ray generator tube consisting of a core of a refractory material, a layer of tungsten covering at least a part of the surface of the refractory material and a layer of rhenium over said layer of tung; sten and covering at least the focal area of the anode, to a depth of at least ten microns.
  • An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly in which at least the focal area of the anode which is bombarded by electrons to produce the X-radiation consists of the metal rhenium.
  • An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly and made of the metal rhenium.
  • An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly, said anode comprising a core of refractory material, and a layer of rhenium'extending over at least the focalarea of the core which is bombarded by electrons to produce the X-radiation.
  • An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly, said anode consisting of a core of refractory material and a layer of rhenium extending only over the focal area of the core which is bombarded by electrons to produce the X-radiation, said layer of rhenium having a thickness of at least ten microns.
  • An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly, said anode consisting of a core of a refractory material, a layer of tungsten covering at least the focal area of the refractory material and a layer of rhenium extending over said layer of tungsten and having a thickness of at least ten microns.
  • An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly, in which at least the focal area of the anode which is bombarded by electrons to produce the X- radiation consists of the metal rhenium, and the remainder of the surface of the anode is blackened.

Description

Dec. 2, 1958 A; SCHRAM 2, 3
X-RAY GENERATOR TUBES Filed March 25, 1957 Fig.2
FOCAL TEMPERATURE t TEMPERATURE OF TIIE FOCAL Rm TEMPERATURE F THE ANODE DISC .flfi'MME Fig.7 1
Inventor By wit -e, WM
2,853,083 Patented Dec, 2,.
X RAY GENERATOR TUBES Antoine Schram, Montgeron, France, assignor to Compagnie Generals de Radiologie, Paris, France, a cor- This invention relates to X-ray generator tubes. In tubes such asX-ray generator tubes, the dissipation of heat from the anode is the principal problem encountered, because almost the whole of the energy of the electron beam is there transformed into heat. In particular, it is the speed of cooling of the anode which limits the rate of making successive exposures, or exposures following viewing. For X-ray generator tubes with a rotatable anode, for example the cooling takes place principally by radiation from the ano-de.
It. is moreover necessary that the anode, at least the part bombarded by the electrons, shall be constituted up to a certain depth (at least 10 microns) of a metal having a high atomic number and which is very refractory. Hitherto generally it is tungsten that is used. Particularly in thetcaseof a rotatable anode, it is desirable that the thermal. capacity shall be great, in order :to allow the storage of a large quantity of heat before reaching the maximum admissible temperature. a
It is therefore an object of thepresent invention to provide an improved construction of anode for X-ray generator tubes in which the speed of cooling of the anode is considerably increased.
It is a further object of the invention to provide such an. anode having an increased thermal capacity.
It .is a specific object oftheinvention to provide an anode for an X-ray generator tube in which at least the part of the anode surface which is bombarded by electrons, consists of the metal rhenium.
It is yet another object of the invention to provide improved X-ray generator tubes incorporating such anodes.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
Figure 1 is a. diagrammatic elevational view. of. an X- ray generator tube havinga rotatable anode, which may be formed according to the present invention,
Figure 2 is a plan view or" the anode assembly of the tube in Figure 1, r
Figures 3 and 4-are explanatory graphs,
Figure 5 is a cross section, on a larger scale, through an anode assembly according to the present invention, in tended for the tube shown in Figures 1 and 2, and
Figures 6 and 7 are fragmentary cross-sections of modified constructions of anode assemblies according to this invention.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, there is shown. by way. of example, a type of X-ray generator tube having a rotatable anode. The glass envelope of this tube contains, in a very high vacuum, the cathode system 2, of which the filament or filaments 3 in the concentrating member are located opposite to the conical portion of a disc 7 forming the anode of the tube, which is joinedby a rod of molybdenum 6 and a screw.8, to the rotor 5. By applying a high tension voltage so that the cathode is negative and the anode is positive, .a beam of electrons emitted from the incandescent filament, bombard the focal. seat United States Patent "Ofiice 10 andproduce X-radiation at this point. Thetenergyis transformed almost entirely into heat which, leaving the focal seat 10, rapidly reaches the focal ring 9 and finally the whole mass of the anode 7.
The tube structure above described is of a known type and the rate at which successive exposures maybe made, or at which exposures may be made following a viewing,
depends upon the thermal capacity of, and the speedof cooling from the anodedisc 7.
As shown in the full line curve in the graph of Figure. 3, during a radiographic exposure, the. focal temperature starts from T rises suddenly to T then during itheexposure which lasts from the instant t to rises from T to T This increase follows that of the focal areaor ring 9 which, during the same time, passes from T to T ,..as shown in the broken line curve. Finally, as showninthe chain line'curve, the temperature of the anode disc7 also rises during the exposure and passes. from T to T "T being lower than T The ageing of the anode 7 causes a fall of X-radiation depending on the temperature of the focal seat 10. .It is thus plain that it is of interest to start from a temperadissipation which follows the .StephamBoltzmann law:
, Where:
W=the heat radiatedin watts E=the total emissivity of thesurface at the temperature T 6='constant=5.67.1O- W/cn1. .l
T=the temperature of the surface in K. 8 T =the ambient temperature in K.
S=the radiating surface in cm. (apparent surface) For the temperatures in question it is possible to neglect T compared with T. For given'T andS,.it is then necessary to increase 6 if it is desired to improve W. Now,
for tungsten e l1as,:-more. or less, the following values:
At 1000 K 0.114 At 1500 K 0.192 At 1700 K 0.222 At 2000 K *0.260 At-2500 K '0;s03
The theoretical maximum e=.1 which? corresponds: to a black body which shows that .from the pointlofvview of 1 thermal dissipation .atugnsten surfaceis tHOt ideal.
Methods are .known. for increasing .tthe actual surface area of .ananode, such as sand blasting, .chemicalattack or electrochemical action, which-:allowsetobeincreased totacertain extent.
A certain-numberjof .otheryprocesseshavef also "been proposed which consist 'in. a deposit. of 1 anothertmaterial, increasing the actual surface. andat the same tirne the intrinsic emissivity. ,These, processes 'llJOWfiVGI? present serious disadvantages for a tubefiofwwhich .the anode operates at high temperature such as an X-raywgenerator tube, which is easily understood-because-thetmajorityofthese processes are proposed for electron tubes of which tthe anode ICITlEtlIlS fiifi'lOW temperature. 'l husyit hasbeen suggested to deposit refractory carbides directly by electrophoresis, or by depositing a meta'lliccxide subseit anode of an X-ray generator tube, the adherence of the deposit is not always satisfactory, and it is necessary to spare the focal area of the anode so as not to reduce the etficiency of the X-rays and also because most of these deposits do not support very high temperatures. These processes are therefore neither reliable nor economical; it is very diflicult to obtain deposits which are regular and only wheredesired, and without the liberation of a excessive quantity of gas at high temperature. There are classical processes for the 'carbonisation of nickel anodes, giving a very efficient cooling. But these anodes cannot operate at the temperatures usually met Within tubes such as X-ray tubes.
The present invention eliminates these disadvantages by employing the metal rhenium inorder to cover the whole surface, or apart of the surface, of the anode. In effect, the thermalemissivity of rhenium is higher than that of tungsten at all temperatures encountered during the operation of the tube. By reason of its atomic number, which is higher than that of tungsten (.75 instead of 74) and by reason of its melting point being near to that of tungsten and on'account of its very low vapour pressure, the focal surface can also be covered with rhenium.
The present invention also provides X-ray generator tubes with an anode having an increased thermal capacity. In effect, the use of rhenium allows a refractory base to be used with highe thermal capacity than tungsten since one is not confinedby the necessity of having a high atomic number. The refractory base may be, for example-, molybdenum, graphite or boron. It is sulfi- 'cient to have on the focal area where the X-rays are produced, a thickness .of rhenium sufficient so that all the X-radiation originates from the rhenium. Molybdenum in particular is interesting.
FigureS shows diagrammatically, asection through 'rhenium having a thickness of at least microns on the focal ring. The remainder of the surface of the molybdenum can also be covered with rhenium 14 of the same thickness or of less thickness. According to another embodiment of the invention, the non-focal surface 14 is blackened by a known process.
Figure 6 shows a diagrammatic fragmentary section of part of another anode disc, in which the refractory base structure 11, for example of boron, is covered directly with a layer of rhenium 13 extending over the lower surface of the anode.
Figure 7 shows a diagrammatic fragmentary section of part of another anode structure according tothis invention, in which the anode consists simply of a massive disc 15 of rhenium. 7
By the present invention, it is therefore possible to obtain anode structures having a higher thermal capacity than tungsten anodes, whilst increasing at the same time the amount of X-radiation.
The metal rhenium presents, moreover, physical and mechanical characteristics which are advantageous at high temperatures, and which are used by the present invention. For example, a rotating anode of tungsten and rhenium or of rhenium alone allows operation at a higher temperature than an anode of tungsten.
Figure 4 shows the speed of cooling of a tungsten anode in curve A and of an anode according to the present invention in curve B. a
It is possible to choose between several methods of obtaining a layer of rhenium on a refractory base. Preferably an electrolytic method is used. A bath having a base of perrhenate of potassium is very practical:
KReo, V 11 g./l. n so, (d=1.84) pH 0.9
Temperature 20 to 75 C. Current density 5 to 15 A/dm. Anode Platinum It is of advantage firstly to deposit a very thin layer of the order of one micron, followed by a flash in hydrogen to 1000 C. Then it is possible to deposit the desired thickness by proceeding with intermediate flashes in hydrogen. The electrolytic process is of very great advantage if it is desired to obtain a layer on one part only of the surface of the refractory base and if it is desired to vary the thickness of the layer from one place to another.
Another recommended process is the deposition in vapour phase, by the decomposition of a halogenide of rhenium, in particular ReCl on a base heated to between 500 and 1500 C. in vacuum, or in an inert gas.
Metallisation by spraying and calcining also enables a layer of rhenium to be obtained on a refractory base.
Whilst particular embodiments have been described, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope of this invention. Thus, although particular reference has been made to X-ray generator tubes having a rotatable anode, the invention may equally be employed in such tubes having a non-rotatable anode.
I claim:
1. An anode for an X-ray generator tube, in which at least the part of the anode surface which is adapted to be bombarded with electrons consists of the metal rhe mum.
2. An anode for an X-ray generator tube, consisting of a massive disc of the metal rhenium.
3. An anode for an X-ray generator tube, consisting of a core of a refractory material covered with a layer of rhenium over at least a part of its surface and extending over at least the focal area of the anode.
4. An anode as claimed in claim 3, in which the core of refractory material consists of molybdenum.
5. An anode as claimed in claim 3, in which a layer of tungsten is provided on a part. of the surface of the core, under the layer of rhenium.
6. An anode for an X-ray generator tube consisting of a core of a refractory material, a layer of tungsten covering at least a part of the surface of the refractory material and a layer of rhenium over said layer of tung; sten and covering at least the focal area of the anode, to a depth of at least ten microns.
7. An anode as claimed in claim 6, in which the base of refractory material consists of a metal other than tungsten or rhenium. 5
8. An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly in which at least the focal area of the anode which is bombarded by electrons to produce the X-radiation consists of the metal rhenium.
9. An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly and made of the metal rhenium.
10. An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly, said anode comprising a core of refractory material, and a layer of rhenium'extending over at least the focalarea of the core which is bombarded by electrons to produce the X-radiation. i
11. A tube as claimed in claim 10, in which the core of refractory material consists of molybdenum.
12. A tube as claimed in claim 10, in which the layer of rhenium is at least ten microns thick over the focal area of the anode.
. 13. An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly, said anode consisting of a core of refractory material and a layer of rhenium extending only over the focal area of the core which is bombarded by electrons to produce the X-radiation, said layer of rhenium having a thickness of at least ten microns.
14. A tube as claimed in claim 13, in which the core is made of molybdenum.
15. An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly, said anode consisting of a core of a refractory material, a layer of tungsten covering at least the focal area of the refractory material and a layer of rhenium extending over said layer of tungsten and having a thickness of at least ten microns.
16. An X-ray generator tube comprising an envelope containing a cathode assembly, a filament associated with the cathode assembly and an anode spaced from said cathode assembly, in which at least the focal area of the anode which is bombarded by electrons to produce the X- radiation consists of the metal rhenium, and the remainder of the surface of the anode is blackened.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,482,053 Zunick Sept. 13, 1949 2,490,246 Zunick Dec. 6, 1949 2,762,725 Saunders Sept. 11, 1956 2,762,726 Saunders Sept. 11, 1956

Claims (1)

  1. 6. AN ANODE FOR AN X-RAY GENERATOR TUBE CONSISTING OF A CORE OF A REFRACTORY MATERIAL, A LAYER OF TUNGSTEN COVERING AT LEAST A PART OF THE SURFACE OF THE REFRACTORY MATERIAL AND A LAYER OF RHENIUM OVER SAID LAYER OF TUNGSTEN AND COVERING AT LEAST THE FOCAL AREA OF THE ANODE, TO A DEPTH OF AT LEAST TEN MICRONS.
US648383A 1956-03-30 1957-03-25 X-ray genenrator tubes Expired - Lifetime US2863083A (en)

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DE1153837B (en) * 1959-10-12 1963-09-05 Plansee Metallwerk Anode for x-ray tubes and process for their manufacture
US3136907A (en) * 1961-01-05 1964-06-09 Plansee Metallwerk Anticathodes for X-ray tubes
US3243636A (en) * 1963-01-30 1966-03-29 Tubix Soc Rotary anode for X-ray tubes
US3328626A (en) * 1963-09-02 1967-06-27 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Rotary anodes of x-ray tubes
DE1270192B (en) * 1960-07-30 1968-06-12 Siemens Ag Rotating anode composite plate for X-ray tubes
US3397338A (en) * 1964-02-26 1968-08-13 Siemens Ag Rotary anode plate for X-ray tubes
US3539859A (en) * 1956-03-30 1970-11-10 Radiologie Cie Gle X-ray generator tube with graphite rotating anode
US3579022A (en) * 1967-08-28 1971-05-18 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Rotary anode for x-ray tube
US3622824A (en) * 1969-06-30 1971-11-23 Picker Corp Composite x-ray tube target
US3660053A (en) * 1968-12-02 1972-05-02 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Platinum-containing x-ray target
US3683223A (en) * 1968-12-16 1972-08-08 Siemens Ag X-ray tube having a ray transmission rotary anode
US3697798A (en) * 1970-03-25 1972-10-10 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Rotating x-ray target
US3696977A (en) * 1971-04-21 1972-10-10 Johnson & Son Inc S C Stretch elastomer valve
FR2204041A1 (en) * 1972-10-20 1974-05-17 Siemens Ag
US3836807A (en) * 1972-03-13 1974-09-17 Siemens Ag Rotary anode for x-ray tubes
US3887723A (en) * 1972-03-22 1975-06-03 Richard B Kaplan Method of fabrication of composite anode for rotating-anode x-ray tubes
US3919124A (en) * 1972-01-17 1975-11-11 Siemens Ag X-ray tube anode
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US4000434A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-12-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotary anode for an X-ray tube
US4227112A (en) * 1978-11-20 1980-10-07 The Machlett Laboratories, Inc. Gradated target for X-ray tubes
US4271372A (en) * 1976-04-26 1981-06-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotatable anode for an X-ray tube composed of a coated, porous body
US4335327A (en) * 1978-12-04 1982-06-15 The Machlett Laboratories, Incorporated X-Ray tube target having pyrolytic amorphous carbon coating
US4352041A (en) * 1979-07-19 1982-09-28 U.S. Philips Corporation Rotary anodes for X-ray tubes
EP0513830A1 (en) * 1991-05-17 1992-11-19 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited Rotary anode for X-ray tube and method for manufacturing the same
EP0756308A4 (en) * 1994-03-28 1996-12-13 Hitachi Ltd X-ray tube and anode target thereof
US7090893B1 (en) 2003-03-24 2006-08-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Rhenium composite
US7214306B1 (en) * 2004-04-16 2007-05-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Elevated potential deposition of rhenium on graphite substrates from a ReO2/H2O2 solution
US20070207338A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-06 Plasma Processes, Inc. X-ray target and method for manufacturing same
US20090086920A1 (en) * 2007-09-30 2009-04-02 Lee David S K X-ray Target Manufactured Using Electroforming Process
WO2010070574A1 (en) 2008-12-17 2010-06-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Attachment of a high-z focal track layer to a carbon-carbon composite substrate serving as a rotary anode target
JP2018514925A (en) * 2015-05-08 2018-06-07 プランゼー エスエー X-ray anode
CN117364052A (en) * 2023-10-13 2024-01-09 贵研铂业股份有限公司 High-emissivity rhenium coating and preparation method thereof

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US3631290A (en) * 1970-08-17 1971-12-28 Ibm Thermionic cathode for electron beam apparatus
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US2482053A (en) * 1945-11-13 1949-09-13 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Anode construction
US2490246A (en) * 1945-11-13 1949-12-06 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Anode construction
US2762726A (en) * 1952-03-14 1956-09-11 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Method of producing a metal film on a refractory base
US2762725A (en) * 1952-03-14 1956-09-11 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Method of producing a metal film on a refractory base having a metal oxide film thereon

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US3539859A (en) * 1956-03-30 1970-11-10 Radiologie Cie Gle X-ray generator tube with graphite rotating anode
DE1153837B (en) * 1959-10-12 1963-09-05 Plansee Metallwerk Anode for x-ray tubes and process for their manufacture
DE1270192B (en) * 1960-07-30 1968-06-12 Siemens Ag Rotating anode composite plate for X-ray tubes
US3136907A (en) * 1961-01-05 1964-06-09 Plansee Metallwerk Anticathodes for X-ray tubes
US3243636A (en) * 1963-01-30 1966-03-29 Tubix Soc Rotary anode for X-ray tubes
US3328626A (en) * 1963-09-02 1967-06-27 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Rotary anodes of x-ray tubes
US3397338A (en) * 1964-02-26 1968-08-13 Siemens Ag Rotary anode plate for X-ray tubes
JPS516517B1 (en) * 1966-10-11 1976-02-28
US3579022A (en) * 1967-08-28 1971-05-18 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Rotary anode for x-ray tube
US3660053A (en) * 1968-12-02 1972-05-02 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Platinum-containing x-ray target
US3683223A (en) * 1968-12-16 1972-08-08 Siemens Ag X-ray tube having a ray transmission rotary anode
US3622824A (en) * 1969-06-30 1971-11-23 Picker Corp Composite x-ray tube target
US3697798A (en) * 1970-03-25 1972-10-10 Schwarzkopf Dev Co Rotating x-ray target
US3696977A (en) * 1971-04-21 1972-10-10 Johnson & Son Inc S C Stretch elastomer valve
US3919124A (en) * 1972-01-17 1975-11-11 Siemens Ag X-ray tube anode
US3836807A (en) * 1972-03-13 1974-09-17 Siemens Ag Rotary anode for x-ray tubes
US3887723A (en) * 1972-03-22 1975-06-03 Richard B Kaplan Method of fabrication of composite anode for rotating-anode x-ray tubes
FR2204041A1 (en) * 1972-10-20 1974-05-17 Siemens Ag
US4000434A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-12-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotary anode for an X-ray tube
US4271372A (en) * 1976-04-26 1981-06-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotatable anode for an X-ray tube composed of a coated, porous body
US4227112A (en) * 1978-11-20 1980-10-07 The Machlett Laboratories, Inc. Gradated target for X-ray tubes
US4335327A (en) * 1978-12-04 1982-06-15 The Machlett Laboratories, Incorporated X-Ray tube target having pyrolytic amorphous carbon coating
US4352041A (en) * 1979-07-19 1982-09-28 U.S. Philips Corporation Rotary anodes for X-ray tubes
EP0513830A1 (en) * 1991-05-17 1992-11-19 Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited Rotary anode for X-ray tube and method for manufacturing the same
EP0756308A4 (en) * 1994-03-28 1996-12-13 Hitachi Ltd X-ray tube and anode target thereof
EP0756308A1 (en) * 1994-03-28 1997-01-29 Hitachi, Ltd. X-ray tube and anode target thereof
US6487275B1 (en) 1994-03-28 2002-11-26 Hitachi, Ltd. Anode target for X-ray tube and X-ray tube therewith
US7090893B1 (en) 2003-03-24 2006-08-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Rhenium composite
US7214306B1 (en) * 2004-04-16 2007-05-08 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Elevated potential deposition of rhenium on graphite substrates from a ReO2/H2O2 solution
US20070207338A1 (en) * 2006-03-01 2007-09-06 Plasma Processes, Inc. X-ray target and method for manufacturing same
US20090086920A1 (en) * 2007-09-30 2009-04-02 Lee David S K X-ray Target Manufactured Using Electroforming Process
WO2010070574A1 (en) 2008-12-17 2010-06-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Attachment of a high-z focal track layer to a carbon-carbon composite substrate serving as a rotary anode target
US8553843B2 (en) 2008-12-17 2013-10-08 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Attachment of a high-Z focal track layer to a carbon-carbon composite substrate serving as a rotary anode target
JP2018514925A (en) * 2015-05-08 2018-06-07 プランゼー エスエー X-ray anode
US10622182B2 (en) 2015-05-08 2020-04-14 Plansee Se X-ray anode
CN117364052A (en) * 2023-10-13 2024-01-09 贵研铂业股份有限公司 High-emissivity rhenium coating and preparation method thereof
CN117364052B (en) * 2023-10-13 2024-03-12 贵研铂业股份有限公司 High-emissivity rhenium coating and preparation method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL104093C (en)
NL215843A (en)
GB852734A (en) 1960-11-02
FR1148708A (en) 1957-12-13
DE1106429B (en) 1961-05-10
CH353087A (en) 1961-03-31

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