US2861885A - Photographic processes and products - Google Patents

Photographic processes and products Download PDF

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Publication number
US2861885A
US2861885A US466889A US46688954A US2861885A US 2861885 A US2861885 A US 2861885A US 466889 A US466889 A US 466889A US 46688954 A US46688954 A US 46688954A US 2861885 A US2861885 A US 2861885A
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United States
Prior art keywords
silver
stratum
silver halide
print
receptive
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US466889A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edwin H Land
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Polaroid Corp
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Polaroid Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Polaroid Corp filed Critical Polaroid Corp
Priority to US466889A priority Critical patent/US2861885A/en
Priority to DEI10833A priority patent/DE1019559B/de
Priority to FR1134632D priority patent/FR1134632A/fr
Priority to GB31448/55A priority patent/GB776634A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2861885A publication Critical patent/US2861885A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C8/00—Diffusion transfer processes or agents therefor; Photosensitive materials for such processes
    • G03C8/02—Photosensitive materials characterised by the image-forming section
    • G03C8/04—Photosensitive materials characterised by the image-forming section the substances transferred by diffusion consisting of inorganic or organo-metallic compounds derived from photosensitive noble metals
    • G03C8/06—Silver salt diffusion transfer

Definitions

  • FIG. 3 24 Processing Composilion Film Applied Silver Receplive Slrul'um FIG. 3
  • a silver halidedeveloper and a silver halide solvent are applied, in aqueous alkaline solution, to a-photoexposed silver halide stratum where they develop exposed silver halide to silver and react withunreduced silver halide to form a soluble silver complex.
  • This complex inorder toform a positive print, is transterred an'd reduced to silver on a silver-receptive stratum upon-Which the silver halide stratumhas been superpose -Ithas been the practice, at the completion of this process, to separate the silverreceptive and silver halide strata in order torenderthe positive print visible.
  • the positive print is rendered visible withoutthis separation of the silver halide and silver-receptive strata. It has been recogni'zed (Edwin H. fLand, One Step Photography, Photographic Journal, Section -A, pp. 7 l 5,lanuary 1950) that the silver-receptive stratum may be so constituted as to provide an unusually vigorous silver precipitating environment which causes the silver deposited upon it, in comparison with silver developed in the silver halidestratum, to possessvery high covering power, i. e., opacity per given mass of reduced silver.
  • objects of the present invention are: to provide a photographic processcomprisingthe steps of subjecting a silver halide stratum and a silver-receptive stratum, which are in superposed relation, to a solution of a silver halide developer and a silver halide solventin order to form in the silver halide stratum a negative print in silver of relatively'low covering power and to form in the silver-receptive stratum a positive print in silver of relatively high covering power, and thereafter maintaining thesilver halide stratum and the silver-receptive stratum permanently in superposed relation; and to provide the photographic product of, .thisiprocess.
  • FIG. 1 is an exaggerated sectional view of photographic elements being processed in accordance withthe present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is an exaggerated sectional view of the product of the process illustrated in, Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is an exaggerated sectional view of other photographic elements being processed in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is an exaggerated sectional view of the product of the process illustrated inFig. 3.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate the spreading of a viscous'alk-aline aqueous solution 10 (Fig. l) of a silver halide developer and a silver halide solvent in a uniformly thin layer between the-adjacent surfaces of a silver halide stratum-12 and a silver-receptive stratum 14, for example by advancing thestrata between a pair of pressure-applying rollers (not shown).
  • Silver halide and silverreceptive strata 12 and 14 are laminated to supports16 andIS respectively.
  • solution 10 within a predetermined period, ordinarily of the order of 40 to seconds in duration, forms a negative print in stratum 12 by reducing silverhalide to silver, and, by reacting with unreduced silver halide, forms complexsilver salts which migrate to stratum 14 where they are reduced to silver to form a positive print.
  • the solution then is dried in order'to form a more or less solid residue 22 (Fig. 2) which serves as an adhesive to bond silver halidestratum 12 to silverreceptive stratum 14.
  • Fig. 2 solid residue 22
  • Either-or both silver halide stratum 12 together with support 16, and silver-receptive stratum 14 together with support 18 are transparent so that the image presented by the superposed negative and positive prints in strata 12 and 14 may be readily observed 'by reflected or transmitted light.
  • Solution 10 for example, contains a silver halide developer such as hydroquinone, a silver halide solvent such as'sodium 'thiosulfate, and a film-forming material such as a water-soluble polymer, starch or gum. *When'the solution is dried, its residue forms a'firm bondbetween silver halide stratum 12 and silver-receptive stratum 1'4.
  • a silver halide developer such as hydroquinone
  • a silver halide solvent such as'sodium 'thiosulfate
  • a film-forming material such as a water-soluble polymer, starch or gum.
  • Silver-receptive stratum 14 provides one of the vigorous silver precipitating environments described in the copending applications of Edwin H. Land, Serial No. 727,- 3 85, filed February 8, 1947, and'Serial No. 164,908, filed May29, 1950.
  • Such an environment includes silver precipitating nuclei such asthe metal sulfides or selenides,"the colloidal noble metals or organic thio compounds dispersed in a macroscopically continuous vehicle comprising minute, preferably colloidal, particles of a watersoluble, inorganic, preferably siliceous, material such as silica aerogel.
  • this stratum ranges from -1 m8 microns in thickness.
  • the positive print is formed in this stratum from fine silver particles concentrated primarily at its surface. Only a minute amount of silver in this condition is'necessary for image formation becauseof its extremely high covering power.
  • the covering power of silver in a photographic print depends, in part, upon the concentration, arrangement, size and shape of the silver grains.
  • the silver deposited by development in silver halide stratum 12 is characteristically different from the silverdeposited by silver complex transfer andreduction in silver-receptive stratum 14.
  • the covering power of the given mass ofsilver in the positive of silver-receptive stratum 14 ranges from 14 to 15 times-that of an equal mass of silver in the negative of silver halide stratum12.
  • the minimum density of the cornposite print depends, to a substantial extent, upon the maximum density of the negative since the shadows of the negative correspond to the highlights of the positive. If the above-noted ratio of positive silver covering power to negative silver covering power is realized in a composite print to be viewed by reflection, this maximum negative density can be as great as 0.3 without seriously affecting the composite image quality. A substantially higher maximum density is tolerable in the negative when the composite print is used as a transparency because the brightness of the highlights of the composite print is a function of the intensity of illumination. It has been found that a maximum density of as high as 1.0 in the negative is permissible if the maximum density of the composite print is at least 4 times greater.
  • the silver halide stratum when fully developed in any conventional manner, has no greater density than approximately 0.3 if the composite print is to present a reflection image, and has no greater density than approximately 1.0 if the composite print is to serve as a transparency.
  • a viscous alkaline solution 23 of a silver halide developer and a silver halide solvent is shown being applied, for example, by means of an absorbent applicator 24, to a laminated photographic product comprising, in sequence, a silver halide stratum 26, a silver-receptive stratum 28 and a support 30.
  • Solution 23 is similar to solution 10, stratum 26 to stratum 12, stratum 28 to stratum 14 and support 30 to support 18.
  • solution 23 reduces exposed silver halide to silver to form in the silver halide stratum a negative print, and reacts with unreduced silver halide to form a water-soluble, complex silver salt which is reduced to silver in order to form a positive print in silver-receptive stratum 28.
  • the negative print is formed in silver of low covering power and the positive print in silver of high covering power.
  • solution 23 is dried, for example, with the aid of a blotter 34.
  • Support 30 may be either opaque or transparent so that the composite image presented by the positive and negative prints may be observed by reflected or transmitted light.
  • the present invention thus contemplates a simplified transfer-reversal process which produces a protected transfer-reversal print.
  • a photographic process comprising the steps of subjecting a silver halide stratum and a silver-receptive stratum, which are in contiguous relation, to a thin layer of a processing fluid, said fluid containing a silver halide developer and a silver halide solvent, reacting said silver halide developer with exposed silver halide in said silver halide stratum in order to produce a negative print by reduction of silver halide to silver, reacting said silver halide solvent with unreduced silver halide in said silver halide stratum in order to form a complex silver salt, transferring said complex silver salt to said silver-receptive stratum, reducing said complex silver salt to silver in said silver-receptive stratum in order to form a positive print containing silver, said silver of said positive print being of a first physical character, said silver of said negative print being of a second physical character, a substantial quantity of said silver in said positive print having a higher optical density than an equal quantity of said silver in said negative print, drying said layer of processing fluid to form
  • a photographic process comprising the steps of spreading, in a thin layer between a silver halide stratum and a silver-receptive stratum, which are in superposed relation, a substantially transparent solution of a silver halide developer and a silver halide solvent in order to form a unit containing a plurality of strata, reacting said silver halide developer with exposed silver halide in said silver halide stratum in order to form therein a negative print containing silver, reacting said silver halide solvent with unreduced silver halide in said silver halide stratum in order to form a complex silver salt, transferring said complex silver salt to said silver-receptive stratum, re-
  • a photographic product comprising a laminated unit including a developed, photoexposed silver halide stratum containing a negative print containing silver, a processed silver-receptive stratum having a positive print containing silver, said silver of said positive print being of a 'first physical character, said silver of said negative print being of a second physical character, a substantial quantity of said silver of said first physical character having a higher optical density than an equal quantity of said silver of said second physical character, and a transparent layer sandwiched between said silver halide stratum and said silver-receptive stratum, said transparent layer constituting the dried residue of an alkaline aqueous solution containing a silver halide developer, a silver halide solvent and a film-forming organic polymer, said unit being substantially transparent from one of its outer faces through one of the silver halide and silverreceptive strata at least to the other of said silver halide and silver-receptive strata, both said positive print and said negative print thereby being visible through said one of said faces as a composite print
  • a photographic process comprising the steps of subjecting a silver halide stratum and a silver-receptive stratum, which are in contiguous relation, to a thin layer of a processing fluid, said fluid, upon being so spread, containing a silver halide developer and a silver halide solvent, reacting said silverhalide developer with ex posed silver halide in said silver halide stratum in order to produce a negative print by reduction of silver halide to silver, reacting said silver halide solvent with unreduced silver halide in said silver halide stratum in order to form a complex silver salt, transferring said complex silver saltto said silver-receptive stratum, reducing said complex silver salt to silver in said silver-receptive stratum in order to form a positive print containing silver, said silver of said positive print being of a first physical character, said silver of said negative print being of a second physical character, said silver-receptive stratum being within the range of from 1 to 8 microns thick, said silver halide stratum being relatively

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US466889A 1954-11-04 1954-11-04 Photographic processes and products Expired - Lifetime US2861885A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US466889A US2861885A (en) 1954-11-04 1954-11-04 Photographic processes and products
DEI10833A DE1019559B (de) 1954-11-04 1955-10-27 Photographisches Direkt-Positiv-Silbersalzdiffusionsverfahren
FR1134632D FR1134632A (fr) 1954-11-04 1955-11-03 Perfectionnements aux procédés d'inversion par transfert d'argent et aux produits obtenus
GB31448/55A GB776634A (en) 1954-11-04 1955-11-03 Improvements relating to silver transfer-reversal processes and their products

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US466889A US2861885A (en) 1954-11-04 1954-11-04 Photographic processes and products

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DE (1) DE1019559B (de)
FR (1) FR1134632A (de)
GB (1) GB776634A (de)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3016039A (en) * 1958-10-10 1962-01-09 May Joseph Le Photographic film coating and straightening device
US3357337A (en) * 1965-05-17 1967-12-12 Polaroid Corp Photographic process and apparatus for producing photographic images
US3416921A (en) * 1965-02-01 1968-12-17 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Photographic processing using cellophane processing sheets
DE2052648A1 (en) * 1970-10-27 1972-05-04 Polaroid Corp., Cambridge, Mass. (V.St.A.) Direct positive photographic material - is permanent laminate of photosensitive emulsion/silver pptn nuclei on substrate
US3853557A (en) * 1970-01-26 1974-12-10 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic diffusion transfer element
US3910793A (en) * 1967-07-21 1975-10-07 Polaroid Corp Radiographic diffusion transfer element
EP0000469A1 (de) * 1977-07-25 1979-02-07 Polaroid Corporation Filmpatrone und Gerät zum Entwickeln eines in der Patrone enthaltenen Selbstentwicklungsfilms
US4139382A (en) * 1977-12-27 1979-02-13 Polaroid Corporation Photographic sound reproduction using silver diffusion transfer
US4167318A (en) * 1977-07-25 1979-09-11 Polaroid Corporation Film assemblage of the self-developing type together with apparatus for processing thereof
US4168166A (en) * 1977-11-09 1979-09-18 Polaroid Corporation Photographic processing composition comprising borate
US4186015A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-01-29 Polaroid Corporation Silver diffusion transfer receiving layer comprising gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol
US4186013A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-01-29 Polaroid Corporation Silver diffusion transfer receiving layer comprising HEC and gelatin
US4204869A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-05-27 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming noble metal silver precipitating nuclei
US4247617A (en) * 1979-05-11 1981-01-27 Polaroid Corporation Silver diffusion transfer film unit transparency
US4259116A (en) * 1979-12-31 1981-03-31 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming silver precipitating nuclei
US4259115A (en) * 1979-12-31 1981-03-31 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming silver precipitating nuclei
US4259114A (en) * 1979-12-31 1981-03-31 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming silver precipitating nuclei
US4281056A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-07-28 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming noble metal silver precipitating nuclei
US4282307A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-08-04 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming noble metal silver precipitating nuclei
US4309499A (en) * 1978-11-14 1982-01-05 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Formation of black-and-white silver-containing negative images by a diffusion transfer process
US4476213A (en) * 1982-12-10 1984-10-09 The Mead Corporation Non-aqueous silver halide diffusion imaging system

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2543181A (en) * 1947-01-15 1951-02-27 Polaroid Corp Photographic product comprising a rupturable container carrying a photographic processing liquid
US2698245A (en) * 1946-04-13 1954-12-28 Polaroid Corp Photographic product and process for making a positive transfer image
US2712995A (en) * 1949-07-04 1955-07-12 Agfa Ag Process for the direct production of positive photographic images
US2726154A (en) * 1952-01-08 1955-12-06 Polaroid Corp Photographic product

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2563342A (en) * 1947-01-28 1951-08-07 Polaroid Corp Photographic product and process

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2698245A (en) * 1946-04-13 1954-12-28 Polaroid Corp Photographic product and process for making a positive transfer image
US2543181A (en) * 1947-01-15 1951-02-27 Polaroid Corp Photographic product comprising a rupturable container carrying a photographic processing liquid
US2712995A (en) * 1949-07-04 1955-07-12 Agfa Ag Process for the direct production of positive photographic images
US2726154A (en) * 1952-01-08 1955-12-06 Polaroid Corp Photographic product

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3016039A (en) * 1958-10-10 1962-01-09 May Joseph Le Photographic film coating and straightening device
US3416921A (en) * 1965-02-01 1968-12-17 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Photographic processing using cellophane processing sheets
US3357337A (en) * 1965-05-17 1967-12-12 Polaroid Corp Photographic process and apparatus for producing photographic images
US3910793A (en) * 1967-07-21 1975-10-07 Polaroid Corp Radiographic diffusion transfer element
US3853557A (en) * 1970-01-26 1974-12-10 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic diffusion transfer element
DE2052648A1 (en) * 1970-10-27 1972-05-04 Polaroid Corp., Cambridge, Mass. (V.St.A.) Direct positive photographic material - is permanent laminate of photosensitive emulsion/silver pptn nuclei on substrate
US4167318A (en) * 1977-07-25 1979-09-11 Polaroid Corporation Film assemblage of the self-developing type together with apparatus for processing thereof
EP0000469A1 (de) * 1977-07-25 1979-02-07 Polaroid Corporation Filmpatrone und Gerät zum Entwickeln eines in der Patrone enthaltenen Selbstentwicklungsfilms
US4145133A (en) * 1977-07-25 1979-03-20 Polaroid Corporation Film assemblage of the self-developing type together with apparatus for processing thereof
US4168166A (en) * 1977-11-09 1979-09-18 Polaroid Corporation Photographic processing composition comprising borate
US4139382A (en) * 1977-12-27 1979-02-13 Polaroid Corporation Photographic sound reproduction using silver diffusion transfer
US4186015A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-01-29 Polaroid Corporation Silver diffusion transfer receiving layer comprising gelatin and polyvinyl alcohol
US4186013A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-01-29 Polaroid Corporation Silver diffusion transfer receiving layer comprising HEC and gelatin
US4204869A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-05-27 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming noble metal silver precipitating nuclei
US4309499A (en) * 1978-11-14 1982-01-05 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Formation of black-and-white silver-containing negative images by a diffusion transfer process
US4247617A (en) * 1979-05-11 1981-01-27 Polaroid Corporation Silver diffusion transfer film unit transparency
US4281056A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-07-28 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming noble metal silver precipitating nuclei
US4282307A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-08-04 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming noble metal silver precipitating nuclei
US4259116A (en) * 1979-12-31 1981-03-31 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming silver precipitating nuclei
US4259115A (en) * 1979-12-31 1981-03-31 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming silver precipitating nuclei
US4259114A (en) * 1979-12-31 1981-03-31 Polaroid Corporation Method for forming silver precipitating nuclei
US4476213A (en) * 1982-12-10 1984-10-09 The Mead Corporation Non-aqueous silver halide diffusion imaging system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB776634A (en) 1957-06-12
FR1134632A (fr) 1957-04-15
DE1019559B (de) 1957-11-14

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