US285774A - yeaqley - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet l. J. B. YEAGLEY.

I I APPARATUSFOR RAISING WATER FROM WELLS 'HAVING WATER- BEARING STRATA OF DIFFERENT HYDROSTATIGLEVELS.

Patented Sept. 25, 1883.

, VENTOR; l M V a ATTORNEYS.

n. PKTERS, Photo-Lnhographer. Wqshinlql. no

(No ModeL) 2 Sheets--Sheet 2.

J. B. YEAGLEY.

APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER FROM WELL$ HAVING WATER-BEARING STRATA OF DIFFERENT HYDROSTATIG LEVELS.

No. 285,?74. Patented Sept. 25, 1883.

NVENTD 4:,

ATTbRNEYs.

u. PETERS. Phulo-mhugnpbtr. Wa-hium 0.5.

rises only a part way, by employing two fountubed, by the fountain-head water supplying UNIT D STATES PATENT rI IcE.

APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER FROM WELLS H AVING WATER-BEARING STRATA OF DIFFERENT HYDROSTATIC LEVELS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 285,774, dated september 25, I883.

/ Application filed May To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JACOB B. YEAGLEY, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at Indianapolis, in the county of Marion and State of Indiana, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Raising Water from Wells having VVatenBearing Strata of Different Hydrostatic Levels; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled inthe art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The object of my invention is to automatically raise to the earths surface, as a fountain, water from bored, driven, or dug wells, in which the fountain or water-vein struck tains of different hydrostatic levels. Now, it must be remembered that every bored, driven, or dug well of plentiful water has a fountain within itself, and is governed in its rise, when it flowing through sand and gravel, crevices,

or cracks, often for great distances. The geological stratification in numerous districts is such as to form alternate sand and gravel (water) strata and clay strata, frequently to very great depths, as, for instance, in this locality.

Thesesand and gravel strata, at a depth of from twenty feet to one hundred feet, contain an inexhaustible supply of water. Several clay strata impervious to water must, however, be bored through to reach the deeper sand and gravel (water) strata. Now, it is found by experience, especially so in this 10- cality, that often the second, third, or fourth sand and gravel (water) stratum furnishes a hydrostatic rise or level, when tubed above the first sand and gravel (water) stratum from five (5) to fifteen (15) feet, in inexhaustible quantities, while in wells in the first stratum, at a depth of V twenty feet, water would stand only a few feet high from the bottom of the well,

and would act as a drain for any quantity of water that may be thrown into it. 1 The reason of this is plainly to be seen, as the two sand and gravel (water) strata in question are separated by an impervious'clay stratum or strata (I mean impervious to water) having. different fountain-heads of different hydro 14,1883. (X0 model.)

tatic levels. The lower water-bearing stratum,

being tubed through the upper water-bearing stratum, will rise about as high as its fountainhead; but if simply a bore is made, and not tubed, the lower water-bearing stratum would rise through the clay stratum above it andinto the first sand and gravel water-bearing stratum, and there bedrained off, as the two waters, uniting, could not rise higher than the fountain of the upper water-bearing stratum without the two forming an independent or secondary fountain head and draining off through the sand and gravel toward a lower level, possibly in every direction.

My invention therefore consists in novel features of construction and arrangement and combination of parts, all as will be hereinafter fully described, and set forth in the claims hereto annexed.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a vertical section through my improved apparatus for raising water after it has been placed in the desired stratum; Figs. 2 and 3, similar views, to be'hereinafter referred to. Figs. 4 and 5'are sectional views of tools or devices used for excavating and dredging the cavity or basin for the reception of the fountain-ejector; Figs. 6 and 7, detailed views, to be hereinafter. referred to.

In the drawings,- A B is the influx fountainpipe. O D E is the efflux fountain-pipe, and F G in Figs. 2 and 3 is the drainage-pipe.

H is the air-chamber valve.

I I is the wire chain or cord to stop the I working of the ejector at will.

5 J is the pump-cylinder, and K is the waterstratum cavity.

L L L are the pump-handle and piston-r0d.

M is the effluX-cylinder, and N is a shoulder on the double-acting eftlux valve-stem.

O is the air-chamber.

P Pare metallic adjusting-rings or circular plates, with holes in center.

Q Q is an ordinary pump-stock drainer, attwill.

R is the efflux double-acting valve-stem.

S S are valve-stem guards and guides or keepers.

t is a ring orhook on valve-stem to attach a wire, chain, or cord, I I.-

or pipea IOO V is the double-acting efllux-valve playing in efflux-cylinder M. i

W'WWV W is the first water-flow through sand and gravel strata.

' WV W W TV is the second water-flo w through sand and gravel strata.

X X represents a suppositional height to which the water rises from K.

Y Y Y Y represent the upper line of first water-flow through WV WV WY W.

Z Z Z Z represent a clay stratum impervious-to water.

D D represent in Figs. 2 and 3 walled holes or openings or cavities dug out, and in Fig. 1 a dug well into the first water-bearing stratum. E E is soil and mixed earth overlying thefirst water stratum.

h h are the air-chamber valve-stem guards, guides, or keepers for valve.

1 I is the cross-bar rest or stop for adj usting-rings P P to rest on.

a b is the efflux supply-pipe leading water to surface. 0 is a spout to efflux supplypipe.

A B and G D form in Figs. 2 and 3 'siphons, in which A B is the short and O D the long leg, the water rising to as, Fig. 2, by hydrostatic pressure, at which point the siphon be- -g1ns.

Figs. 2 and 3 simply show instances where in different locatities the water in the stratum or strata found in W XV and W Y may have different hydrostatic levels or fountain-heads.

The pump part of my improved apparatus may be dispensed with and pipe R R screwed on pipe (4 instead of the pump. Then in Figs. 2 and 3 the ejector requires a small handpump or exhausting-syringe to start waterfiow through siphon A B O D. \Vhere pump is dispensed with, the pump-stock or pipedrainer Q Q is attached to'pipe R It.

Figs. 4 and 5 show the tools or devices used for excavating and dredging the cavity or basin Kin Figs. 1, 2, and 3 through the fountain-tubes A B, after they have been placed in the desired stratum. I I in Fig. 4 is a tube or tubes screwed together, of required length necessary. This tube 1 I has two longitudinal slots on opposite sides, near its bottom. Through these slots pass the excavators or cutters 2 2, which are adjusted to cross-bar 3 3 in amortise or slot, and held by small bolts or pins, on which said excavators may turn as the rod 4 4 is forced up and down, the cross-bar 3 3 being securely fastened by screwing rod 4: 4 into it, or it may be fastened with a nut. Now, if the rod 4 4 is forced up and down within the tube 1 l, the excavators will slide through the longitudinal slots in the direetion shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 4, while at the same time the whole device may be turned by tube-handles 1 1, giving the ex-.

cavators a double motion, 011e, as shown by dotted lines, and the other circular, thus cutting and boring light or strong at will, as the excavators are thrust in or out of tube 1 I.

Now, this excavator, as awhole, is of such size as to freely pass through the bore or tube A B before the top part of the apparatus is screwed on. The excavator may be made to operate as soon as the slots in tube 1 I pass below the lower end of fountain-tube A B, excavating even above and around the lower end of the tube A B, causing, by dredging or pumping out from time to time the quicksand, sand, and fine gravel, an excavation or basin, as shown at K, Figs, 1, 2,.and 3.

Fig. 5 shows the dredgingtool used in connection with the excavator, both to be used alternately, the dredging-tool first, then the excavator. The dredging tool is simply a short tube with a valve opening upward afew inches above and within the short tube 6 6, Fig. 5. The same rod, 4 4, is used for both excavator and dredging-tool alternately.

Fig. 6 shows more plainly the upper side of cross-bar 3 3 in Fig. 4., 7 7 being the mortises or slots with pins, in which the excavators or cutters are adjusted. r g

The devices in Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are shown and described with the apparatus, in order that such an excavation as shown at K is easily made through a tube or bore where water is found in quicksand, sand and gravel, or otl1- er water-pervious strata, as such excavation, either natural or artificial, is necessary to give free flow and full force in ejector.

Construction and operation of my improved apparatus: In Fig. 1 is shown a dug well into the first sand and gravel water bearing stratum, the water rising in well to Y Y. Now, the tube A B is driven or sunk by boring through the clay stratumZ Z into the second (2) sand and gravel water-bearing stratum, WV WV. If it is found that the water from the latter stratum rises when tubed four or more feet above Y Y to X X, then the excavation K may be made. After pumping out the finer sand, &c., about the lower end of the-pipe A B, then .the dredgingtool, Fig. 5 and excavator, Fig.

4c, are used to complete the excavation, as shown at K. The lower end of pipeA B, resting in cavity or basin K, should be perforated to admit the water more freely. Then the other parts are screwed on pipe A B. Then the water from A B will flow through 0 D E, lifting the valve V, (which is made as light as possible,) and the water will rush out of the effiux-cylinder. Now, the adjusting-rings are slipped on the valve-stem (see Fig. 1) to give just sufficient weight to the valve, so that the shoulder N on valvestem will lift the adjusting-rings, and when the water through the pipe A B O D E has attained its greatest velocity, then the valve V will close the efflux instantly, and by the sudden stoppage of flow water will be forced into the air-chamber O, forcing up the valve H. The current having thus spent its force, the valve V is immediately made to fall, the adjusting rings or weights being an rested in their fall by the cross-bar rests or stops 1, leaving the valve free to obey the pressure, thereby again permitting the .water adj usting-weights PP. When the current has again attained its greatest velocity, the aperture will again be closed, thus suddenly arresting the current, as before, and causing, by its reaction or momentum, a pressure throughout the whole pipe, causing again a portion of the water to enter thechamber O, and so on at intervals ofbut little variation. The water by these successive impulses is forced into the air-chamber 0, there condensingthe air in the upper part, causing a steady stream to flow from the pipe and spout a b 0 otherwise without the air-chamber the flow would be spasmodically governed by the impulses of flow and arrest above described. The principle of this operation is well known in the action of the hydraulic ram. Now, where the flow through the pipe and spout a b c is slow and water for a few moments is requirrd in greater quantity, the pump can be used, when the valve V will instantly close the aperture to the efflux-cylinder M, thus making a perfect pump through the pipe A B and O and a b c, the valve H serving for the usual lower pump valve. Again, should there be a heavy fiood, raising the surface-water in stratum W W up to or even above X X, such surface-water could not enter 0 D E, Fig. 1, thereby leaving the pump in good condition for obtaining clear fresh water from the stratum W WV, until the flood subsides, when the apparatus will again automatically operate. Now, should it be desired to stop the operation of the ejector, then close the effluX-aperture with the valve V by means of the wire chain or cord I I and open the drainer Q Q, thus preventing the possibility of freezing. The reverse will again set the apparatus in operation.- The other forms, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, operate on virtually the same principle, except that an additional pneumatic principle is employed by the use of the siphons A B O D. The weights P P are employed to regulate the valve V in proportion as the fall of water from YY to X Xvaries,

because the greater the fall the greater the weights must be to regulate the valve V to al ways close the effiuX-aperture at the time the current attains its greatest flow or most rapid velocity, in order to obtain its greatest reaction andconsequent greatest pressure throughout the pipe and valve H, which opens upward to admit water into chamber 0.

Now, it must be borne in mind that the shortness of the pipeA B fromthe cavity or basin K to the efflux-aperture does not aifect the apparatus like a short pipe from a reservoir to a hydraulic ram, because the reservoir of the 1 ejector is curved, while that of the hydraulic ram is not, and the reaction of water in the ejector cannot throw itself back upon its reservoir, (cavityor basin K,) because it is full and forced upward, not by the rapidity of the flow- Water in the stratum, but by hydrostatic presswould unite, the water in K W W would to quite an extent drain through the opening made through the stratum Z Z and be drained off by stratum W WV. g

The drainage-pipe FG may be perforated or ,open, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, to allow the waterto pass out and on with the water in the stratum, and the sand and gravel taken out to the bottom of the drain-pipe. \Vhere the fountain is found in a crack, crevice, or fissure,

no excavation, as shown at K, is necessary;

likewise in the drainage.

' Where the pump is not used, and the pipe vR R screwed on pipe 0/ instead, the apparatus can be started in Figs. 2 and3 with a small hand-pump or exhausting-syringe by attaching it to the spout of the pipe.

The valve V is of dOLIbIG'COHVGX form, so it can close both apertures, the one above and the other below it. Q

The valve-stem guards, 820., are more plainly shown in detail or detached view, Fig. 7. The cross-bars (for the adjusting-weights P P to rest on) form a cross joining the guards. These C1OSS-b2t1S have a round opening large enough for the shoulder N on valve-stem R to pass through. Now, as the force of the water car- ICO ries the valve upward it will lift the adj ustingweights when the water hasits greatest eifiux and close the aperture. Then as soon as the reactionary force has been expended, the water coming to a rest, the weighted valve will drop, leaving the adjusting-weights resting upon cross-bar rests, thus relieving the valve of the weights and allow an easy flow again to commence through the effiuX-aperture till the most rapid efflux has again been attained, as before, and so on.

It will be seen that the secret of success of my improved apparatus lies in the employment of two (2) sand and gravel (water) strata of different fountain-heads or levels separated by clay or other water-impervious strata, and the one rising the highest, whether the second, third, fourth, or any other, is tubed through those lying above, and the lowest water-raisin g stratum is used as a drain. Should this latter be the second (2) water stratum, and, say, the third or fourth the higher, then the second must also be tubed to prevent the first water from joining, by means of a large tube to admit the long leg of the siphon, with its effiux devices, (see illustrations .in Figs. 2 and3;) but where the first water-bearing stratum raises the water higher than the second, then it is arranged as I along upon the impervious stratum, and may shown in Fig. 3.

Where wells dug to the first water-vein, as shown in Fig. l, are not desired, then the siphon form of the apparatus may be employed, as shown in Fi 2, and the drainagepipe F G set into the drainage stratum, as shown in Fig. 2. WVhere an upper water-vein gives ahigher rise than a lower one, then the form shown in the third figure is employed.

In Fig. 3 the pump should be placed 011 other side of the air-chamber,where pipe R R stands, so as to stand perpendicularly and over pipes A B and F G. For ordinary purposes the pipes A B and O D E are from one and one-fourth to one and one-half inch in diameter inside, while the pipes a a and R It are much smaller, while the drainage-pipe F G need only be, for ordinary purposes, from four to six inches in diameterj ust large enough to freely admit pipe G D E with its efflux-cylinder. The valve H must be made to fit accurately, especially when forms are used, as shown in Figs. 2 and 8; otherwise the water would run back and allow the air to enter the siphon A B O D, and then the water in A B would drop to x, which represents the suppositional height to which the water will rise from stratum WV \V in Fig. 2, while the water in O D will drop into the drainage stratum W NV, same figure. The lineX X X X represents the suppositional height to which the water will rise in A B, Figs. 1., 2, and 3, while YY Y Y i represents the rise in Figs. 1 and 2 from stratum WV W WV. In Fig. 3 different strata are supposed to be employed fromthose in Figs. 1 and '2,

being a suppositional reversion from veins found in Figs. 1 and 2, being simply to illustrate how such a reversion can be successfully overcome and employed.

In Figs. 2 and 3, A B O D, with air-chant bers 0, could be run up to surface, dispensing with excavations D D; but I prefer it in form shown to prevent liability of water freezing in and about top part of B, O, H, and O, &c. Now, in many other localities the geological stratification of alternate pervious and impervious water strata, of sand and gravel or chalk on the one hand, and clay or stone on the other, do not exist; but after digging down but short distances stratified limestone in the form of layers with seams between them are found, and no wells can there be dug, (except to great depths frequently,) as the water passes off rapidly through these seams, leaving the well dry, because these strata at intervals sometimes at short or long distances-have cracks or crevices or fissures downward, through which the surfaee-water fiows until some impervious stratum is reached, upon which it will flow, scekinga lower level, combining in its course with other similar streamlets, and often reaching larger streamlets having as their fountain-heads, probably, a river, lake, or reservoir. These then run sooner or farther on in their course be found between two impervious water strata which are elevated, where a large basin or reservoir is formed, often extending for many miles. Now, if a bore is made through the upper impervious stratum, a fountain is struck, and where tubed will rise nearly as high as its fountain-head waters. This rise can then be drained to a lower water-rise level, where the surpluswater from the ejector may be drained off, as shown in drawings. Thus it will be seen that almost under any condition of the geological stratification of the earths crust fountains may be obtained, sometimes rising to the earths surface when tubed, and are then called Artesian wells or fountains; but in many cases Artesian-fountain seekers have bored and drilled to great depths, succeeding only in finding an abundance of water to rise Within from ten to fifteen or twenty feet of the earths surface, afterexpending a large sum of money and labor. Now, with my improved apparatus, Artesian fountains may, almost to a certainty, be secured at small expense, for if the fountain is found to rise, say, from five (5) or more feet above the water in another stratum, either sand and gravel, or limestone, as before explained, this latter can be used as the draining stratum of the waste water from the apparatus. attempted Artesian wells or fountains all over the country on which there have been large sums of money expended that now stand abandoned because the water could only be brought within from ten (10) to twenty feet of the earths surface. All such cases can be made a success by applying my improved apparatus.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination, with a pump or exhausting device, of 'an influx fountain-pipe, an efflux fountaiupipe, and an intermediate connecting valved air-chamber, O, substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and described.

2. The combination, with a pump or exhausting device, of an influx fountain-pipe, A B, an efflux fountain-pipe, O D E, an efliuxcylinder, M, having a double-acting valve, V, and an intermediate connecting valved airchamber, 0, substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and described.

3. The combination, with a pump or exhausting device, of an influx fountain-pipe, A B, an efflux fountain-pipe, O D E, an eflluxcylinder, M, having an adjustable weighted valve, V, and operating mechanism, and the intermediate connecting valved air-chamber, O, substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and described. 1

4. The combination of the pipes at b, influx fountain-pipe A B, an efflux fountain-pipe, O

There are many ghausting device, of an influx fountain-pipe,

an efflux fountain-pipe, an intermediateconnectin'g valved air-chamber, 0, an efflux-cylinder, M, having valve V, and mechanism for operating said valve, substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and described.

6. The combination, with a pump or exhausting device, of an influx fountain-pipe, A B, an efflux fountain-pipe, C D E, the two pipes forming a siphon adapted to connect two Water-bearing strata of different hydrostatic levels or fountain-heads, the intermediate connecting valved air-chamber, O, the efflux-cylinder M, drainage-pipe F G, valve V, and operating mechanism, substantially as and for the purposes herein shown and described.

7. The combination, with a pump or ex.-

hausting device, of an influx fountainpipe, A B, an efliux fountain-pipe, G D E, said two pipes adapted to connect two water-bearing strata of different hydrostatic levels or fountain-heads, the intermediate valved air-chamber, O, the efflux-cylinder M, valve V, and operating mechanism, substantially as and for the purposes herein shown and described.

8. The combination of an influx fountain pipe, an cfilux fountain-pipe having an efflux valved cylinder, and an intermediate valved air-chamber connecting the influx and efflux fountain-pipes, substantially as and for the purpose herein shown and described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JACOB BLOOM YEAGLEY.

Witnessesz- A. WV. MURPHY, R. S. PENNY.

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