US2857547A - Traveling wave tube - Google Patents

Traveling wave tube Download PDF

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US2857547A
US2857547A US499163A US49916355A US2857547A US 2857547 A US2857547 A US 2857547A US 499163 A US499163 A US 499163A US 49916355 A US49916355 A US 49916355A US 2857547 A US2857547 A US 2857547A
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tube
helix
pipe
dielectric
traveling wave
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US499163A
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Klein Werner
Friz Walter
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/08—Focusing arrangements, e.g. for concentrating stream of electrons, for preventing spreading of stream
    • H01J23/087—Magnetic focusing arrangements
    • H01J23/0876—Magnetic focusing arrangements with arrangements improving the linearity and homogeniety of the axial field, e.g. field straightener
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/14—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by electrical means
    • B05D3/141—Plasma treatment
    • B05D3/142—Pretreatment
    • B05D3/144—Pretreatment of polymeric substrates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
    • C08G81/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers at least one of the polymers being obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C08G81/021—Block or graft polymers containing only sequences of polymers of C08C or C08F
    • C08G81/022—Block or graft polymers containing only sequences of polymers of C08C or C08F containing sequences of polymers of conjugated dienes and of polymers of alkenyl aromatic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
    • C08J7/04—Coating
    • C08J7/0427—Coating with only one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/06—Electron or ion guns
    • H01J23/065—Electron or ion guns producing a solid cylindrical beam
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/08—Focusing arrangements, e.g. for concentrating stream of electrons, for preventing spreading of stream
    • H01J23/083—Electrostatic focusing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/08—Focusing arrangements, e.g. for concentrating stream of electrons, for preventing spreading of stream
    • H01J23/087—Magnetic focusing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
    • H01J23/26—Helical slow-wave structures; Adjustment therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
    • H01J23/30—Damping arrangements associated with slow-wave structures, e.g. for suppression of unwanted oscillations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
    • H01J23/40—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit
    • H01J23/42—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit the interaction circuit being a helix or a helix-derived slow-wave structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
    • H01J23/40—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit
    • H01J23/48—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit for linking interaction circuit with coaxial lines; Devices of the coupled helices type
    • H01J23/50—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit for linking interaction circuit with coaxial lines; Devices of the coupled helices type the interaction circuit being a helix or derived from a helix
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/36—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/38—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the forward travelling wave being utilised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/08—Coupling devices of the waveguide type for linking dissimilar lines or devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03C—MODULATION
    • H03C3/00—Angle modulation
    • H03C3/30—Angle modulation by means of transit-time tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H2/00—Networks using elements or techniques not provided for in groups H03H3/00 - H03H21/00
    • H03H2/005—Coupling circuits between transmission lines or antennas and transmitters, receivers or amplifiers
    • H03H2/006—Transmitter or amplifier output circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M19/00—Current supply arrangements for telephone systems
    • H04M19/02—Current supply arrangements for telephone systems providing ringing current or supervisory tones, e.g. dialling tone or busy tone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M5/00—Manual exchanges
    • H04M5/04—Arrangements for indicating calls or supervising connections for calling or clearing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q3/00—Selecting arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08J2327/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
    • C08J2327/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2429/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer

Definitions

  • Traveling wave tubes consist of a beam generating system, of a retardation line and of a collector.
  • Figs. '1 and 2 are diagrammatic illustrations of prior art tube constructions
  • Fig.3 is a diagrammatic illustration of a unitary assembly for traveling wave tubes in accordance with this invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a detailed fragmentary cross-sectional'view of a .traveling wave tube structure incorporating the features of this invention.
  • Fig. 4a is a cross-sectional 4-4 of' Figure 4.
  • Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows'an embodiment in which the vacuum tube takes over the task of mutually holding the system components.
  • the vacuum tube 1 is enlarged in its diameter in the zone of the gun system 2.
  • the gun system is retained in position on the one side by a tight fitting disk 5 and is supported on the other side in the adjoining narrowed helix holding section of the vacuum tube by means' of a tightfitting helix terminating cylinder 6.
  • the retardation line is constituted by the wire helix 3, which is held in positionbetween thediel'ectric rods 7.
  • dielectric rodsthere alsohave been used dielectric pipes as holding arrangements for the helix.
  • the collector-sided end of the helix is likewise retained in positionby; meansof a second cylinder 6a on'the side of the collector 4.
  • the vacuum tube takes over the holding of the system view made along the line and that further the exact axis-true position ofthe thick I and the thin glass section requires a rather difficult. glass processing.
  • the'method of holding the helix with the aid of a dielectric pipe bears various disadvantages. Besides the influence of the dielectric upon the phase velocity of the wave on ,the retardation line there still appears a weakening effect of the coupling between wave and beam which is due to the distortion of the electromagnetic field towards theholding arrangement.
  • Fig. -2f shows a typeof embodiment in which the difficulty of the glass processing has been reduced insofar as there is employeda vacuum tube 8 with a constantly calibrated internal diameter.
  • the system components gun system 9 and helix section 10 which are fitted into this glass container, as a matter of fact, have one common axis.
  • the mounting requires a verygreat care and the inside of the glass container can easily be injuredor damaged during the assembly, which maybe the cause of forthcoming cracks in theglass container.
  • Fig. 3 shows an arrangement in which the vacuum tube onlyserves as an envelope andin which the gun system and the helix section form a self-supporting structural respect to high frequency.
  • the gun system especially in the case of powertubes, has a certain minimum diameter which determines the smallest possible tube diam-j eter in this .type of embodiment.
  • the tubes are provided with waveguide couplings The coupling-in and coupling .and coupling-out waveguide, the cut-off frequency of out waveguides must therebyzbe' joined by a metal-pipefor providing a rigid connection and holding. This pipe, however, represents an unwanted transmission path having a high-pass filter character between the coupling-in which mayeasily fall Wifllllllhe range of the electronic amplification.
  • Fig. 4 of the accompanying drawings shows an arrangement according'to the invention.
  • the gun system 15 is held' in a coaxialposition with respect to the glass tube 27 by meansof aring 16.
  • a pot-shaped metal cylinder 17, forming "the cathode-sided termination of the high frequency circuit, is slipped over the gun system 15. With the aid of the metallic connecting component 19 the pot-shaped metal cylinder 17 is in a rigid connection with thepot-shaped metal cylinder 18.
  • circuitzla of the tube there are arranged accordingly the pot-shaped metalcomp'onents 17d and 18a together with the metallic connecting'component 19a.
  • the helix 22 is supported inside three dielectric rods 23, the respective pe ition of each of which is secured on the side of the In addition thereto, the embodiments of Figs. 2 and 3 bear disadvantages with collectorby means of the collecting part 24a.
  • This component 24a isrigidly connected'withthepot-shaped metal cylinder 17a.
  • the second supporting point of the self-supporting tube system is represented by the collector 28 sealed to" the other end of the vacuum-tube;
  • the pipe 25- helix is. nov longer possible owing to the smaller diameter of .the pipe within the operatingrange of the tube.- It' will-.be of advantage tocarry out: the dimensioning. of the pipe diameter according to the following high frequencypoints of view: The diameter. of the pipe is supposed to be sosmall that: the longest possible waveguide wavelengthin the space between the helix and the holding-pipe is beyond: the shortest amplified wave. On: the other hand the diameter of the pipe is. not toubechosen so small that its dielectricwill.
  • the construction of'the'coupling zone .with'the metallic connecting part 19 is .particularlynshown in Fig. 4a off thedrawingsn
  • the connecting part may consist'ofan arrangement comprising a plurality of rods or small pipes.
  • all elements which are required for the transformation e. g. the components 17, 18 and 20, in particular the component 19, are placed inside the pipe.
  • Thearrangement of the rigid connectiomofl the pot-shaped components 17 and 18 bymeans, of/the part 19 bears the furthenadvantage accordingtowhi'ch.
  • the connecting pipe 25 does not project into thewaveguide zone 21 or 21a respectively, thus avoiding additional transformer losses .from'the helixto' .the. waveguide caused by the losses in the dielectric.
  • a traveli'ng wave' tube comprisinga helicalv delay. line, relativelyrigid supportingmeans for supporting said T. line throughout its length; .a tube of dielectric material; supported incoaxial spaced relationship with said helix and extendi'ngalong the helix to within a short distance of each end thereof, said dielectric tube having a diameter d complying'with' the limitation expressed by:
  • a traveling. wave tube as. claimed in 'cl'a'im'i; char-i .acterised. in that each of th'e: couplingmembers-consists" of two 1 cup-shaped cylinders, anda metallic supportingmember; rigidly .inter-connecting said' cylinders; 5.
  • a traveling-wave tube accordingtoclaim 5 further comprising-a ringmember on. said gun member-for-sup porting the gun,:end of said assemblywithin said envelopeand a member on said collector electrode sealed? with said envelope.

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Description

Oct. 21, 1958 w. KLEIN ET AL 2,357,547
. TRAVELING WAVE TUBE Filed April 4, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 IHH INVENTORS W. KLEIN" W. FRIZ ATTORNEY Oct. 21, 1958 w. KLEIN ETAL 2,857,547
TRAVELING WAVE TUBE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 4. 1955 RN wN mvsmons W KLEIN- W FRIZ ATTORNEY United States Patent TRAVELING WAVE TUBE Werner Klein, Korntal, and Walter Friz, Stuttgart, Germany, assignors to International Standard Electric Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application April 4, 1955, Serial No. 499,163 Claims priority, application Germany April 3, 1954 6 Claims. (Cl. 315-35) Traveling wave tubes consist of a beam generating system, of a retardation line and of a collector. For the proper functioning of the traveling wave tube it is important that the axis of the gun system (beam generating system), of theretardation line and of the collector are adapted to each other with a sufficient accuracy, whereby also the high frequency requirements, e. g. the prevention of. a feedback, have to be considered. Up to now various arrangements have become known for achieving the afore said aim: Y
The invention will be better understood from the following description of an embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figs. '1 and 2 are diagrammatic illustrations of prior art tube constructions;
Fig.3 is a diagrammatic illustration of a unitary assembly for traveling wave tubes in accordance with this invention;
Fig. 4 is a detailed fragmentary cross-sectional'view of a .traveling wave tube structure incorporating the features of this invention, and
Fig. 4a is a cross-sectional 4-4 of' Figure 4. v e
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows'an embodiment in which the vacuum tube takes over the task of mutually holding the system components. To this end the vacuum tube 1 is enlarged in its diameter in the zone of the gun system 2. The gun system is retained in position on the one side by a tight fitting disk 5 and is supported on the other side in the adjoining narrowed helix holding section of the vacuum tube by means' of a tightfitting helix terminating cylinder 6. In this case the retardation line is constituted by the wire helix 3, which is held in positionbetween thediel'ectric rods 7. Instead of the dielectric rodsthere alsohave been used dielectric pipes as holding arrangements for the helix. The collector-sided end of the helix is likewise retained in positionby; meansof a second cylinder 6a on'the side of the collector 4. In this arrangement it is of a disadvantage that the vacuum tube takes over the holding of the system view made along the line and that further the exact axis-true position ofthe thick I and the thin glass section requires a rather difficult. glass processing. Furthermore, also the'method of holding the helix with the aid of a dielectric pipe bears various disadvantages. Besides the influence of the dielectric upon the phase velocity of the wave on ,the retardation line there still appears a weakening effect of the coupling between wave and beam which is due to the distortion of the electromagnetic field towards theholding arrangement. This causes a reductionof the amplification and, in the case of power tubes, also a reduction'of the maxihigh-fr equency output power. The unavoidable 'loss factor of the dielectric, in addition causes'an attenuation of the retardation line, which increases the aforesaid effect. Effects are being made, therefore, to provide, if
2,857,547 P atented 0 21, 1958 2 possible, only a spot-shaped-contacfing of the helix with the dielectric, e. g. with the aid of holding rods.
Fig. -2fshows a typeof embodiment in which the difficulty of the glass processing has been reduced insofar as there is employeda vacuum tube 8 with a constantly calibrated internal diameter. The system components (gun system 9 and helix section 10) which are fitted into this glass container, as a matter of fact, have one common axis. However, in the demand for an exact accuracy to size with respectto the built-in components, there is also to be found its'weakest point, because the mounting requires a verygreat care and the inside of the glass container can easily be injuredor damaged during the assembly, which maybe the cause of forthcoming cracks in theglass container. a V
Fig. 3 shows an arrangement in which the vacuum tube onlyserves as an envelope andin which the gun system and the helix section form a self-supporting structural respect to high frequency. The gun system, especially in the case of powertubes, has a certain minimum diameter which determines the smallest possible tube diam-j eter in this .type of embodiment. The tubes are provided with waveguide couplings The coupling-in and coupling .and coupling-out waveguide, the cut-off frequency of out waveguides must therebyzbe' joined by a metal-pipefor providing a rigid connection and holding. This pipe, however, represents an unwanted transmission path having a high-pass filter character between the coupling-in which mayeasily fall Wifllllllhe range of the electronic amplification. This cut-oft frequencyincreases with a' decreasing hollow pipe diameter-.1. Hence in these types. a of embodiment therehave to be provided additional means for excluding the unwanted transmission path, which may: easily be the causeof: a feedback. In accordance with the invention it is suggested, therefore, to employ a pipe as supporting means between the helix holding at the input-and at the outputwaveguide within the vacuum tube. The diameter-of this pipe preventing the formation the said feedback. This arrangement will now be particularly described with reference to an exemplified embodiment.
Fig. 4 of the accompanying drawings shows an arrangement according'to the invention. The gun system 15 is held' in a coaxialposition with respect to the glass tube 27 by meansof aring 16. A pot-shaped metal cylinder 17, forming "the cathode-sided termination of the high frequency circuit, is slipped over the gun system 15. With the aid of the metallic connecting component 19 the pot-shaped metal cylinder 17 is in a rigid connection with thepot-shaped metal cylinder 18. The said connecting,
circuitzla of the tube there are arranged accordingly the pot-shaped metalcomp'onents 17d and 18a together with the metallic connecting'component 19a. The helix 22 is supported inside three dielectric rods 23, the respective pe ition of each of which is secured on the side of the In addition thereto, the embodiments of Figs. 2 and 3 bear disadvantages with collectorby means of the collecting part 24a. This component 24a isrigidly connected'withthepot-shaped metal cylinder 17a. In the same manner the helix is fixed by means of the ceramic rods inside the pot 17 with the aid of'the collecting part 24; The connection of the structural group; at the input-waveguide '21, with" the structural group at the output waveguide 211: is established with the aid of a dielectric pipe (e. g. of ceramics ofglass) 25'. This pipe of dielectric material" is providedon both ends with flanges 26 and 26a which are rigidly joined to the pots 18 and 18a- (e. g. by hard soldering). The second supporting point of the self-supporting tube system is represented by the collector 28 sealed to" the other end of the vacuum-tube; The pot17a-rests-onthe collector-bymeans of a disk of dielectric material 295 The pipe 25- helix is. nov longer possible owing to the smaller diameter of .the pipe within the operatingrange of the tube.- It' will-.be of advantage tocarry out: the dimensioning. of the pipe diameter according to the following high frequencypoints of view: The diameter. of the pipe is supposed to be sosmall that: the longest possible waveguide wavelengthin the space between the helix and the holding-pipe is beyond: the shortest amplified wave. On: the other hand the diameter of the pipe is. not toubechosen so small that its dielectricwill. start to havev a' substantial influence uponthe, helix waveform, With; the aid 'of these conditions, the vfollowing limits. maybe set up with respect to the diameter dnOf'l'hGndiGlfiCfl'iC pipe:
whereby U represents the optimum DI CI operating voltage in volts and 7\ the optimum operating wavelength in the same units as d It is-assumed thereby, that the electronic"amplifieationrange of the tube extendsover' approximatelyone octave.-- Coaxial wave propagation is effectively suppressed by'the-attenuating-layeronthe dielectric pipe. f coursethi's attenuatinglayer may also be pplied to the inside,-. or toith'e'outside and the inside of thendielectn'c piper The spaoe 'b'etween'the 'dielectriepipe and the case. wall 3lgrepresents a st-ronglya't tenuated' coaxial line, the :attenuation'of' which 'is suffi-E cient for suppressing. a coaxial wave for the feedback excitation, By means of this arrangement for the suppression of waveguide waves there is provided agreater freedom in the, selection:ofiithe'diameter-of the vacuum tube which may now depend: on: the points I of view a re-' gardingthe dimensioningofthe gum system;- For further increasing the attenuation 'of tthecspacezbetweenthe pipe and the case wall the inside; and/or the outside-wall of the vacuum tube-may 'be 'provi'ded iwith an attenuationcoating. The elimination of the feedback path by means of the conventional insertion of suppression 'elements 'is not as effective as the, WidebEDddbSS attenuation described hereinbefore, becausethe; said isuppression elementsare' selective. Of course, there: are-1 .provid edf attenuating means within the retardation. line order-tosuppress a self -excitation by the fundamentalihelixiwaveform. 1 i
The construction of'the'coupling zone .with'the metallic connecting part 19 is .particularlynshown in Fig. 4a off thedrawingsn The metallic-connectingpart: '19 may e. g'-. have the :shape of a kidney? and; when; beingrembodiedas a'hollow. part, enablesthe-leading= througlicoffurther" connecting, leads, e. g. fora tubecomprisingapluralityiof" helix or helices within the. vacuumwcont i r :,7
4 a side of the power supply. Likewise the connecting part may consist'ofan arrangement comprising a plurality of rods or small pipes. In this arrangement, at the same time, all elements which are required for the transformation, e. g. the components 17, 18 and 20, in particular the component 19, are placed inside the pipe. By this there may be achieved a coupling of the helix to the. output circuits in a manner which is independent on the position. Thearrangement of the rigid connectiomofl the pot-shaped components 17 and 18 bymeans, of/the part 19 bears the furthenadvantage accordingtowhi'ch. the connecting pipe 25 does not project into thewaveguide zone 21 or 21a respectively, thus avoiding additional transformer losses .from'the helixto' .the. waveguide caused by the losses in the dielectric.
While we havedescribed above" the principles of our invention in connection with specific apparatus, it is to. be clearly understood that this description is madeonly by wayof example and not as a limitation to the scope, of our invention as set forth in the objects thereof and. in-the accompanying claims.
Whatis claimed is:
l. A traveli'ng wave' tube comprisinga helicalv delay. line, relativelyrigid supportingmeans for supporting said T. line throughout its length; .a tube of dielectric material; supported incoaxial spaced relationship with said helix and extendi'ngalong the helix to within a short distance of each end thereof, said dielectric tube having a diameter d complying'with' the limitation expressed by:
where U is the optimum-D. C. operating voltage involts and A is the optimum operating wavelength of' the travel-' ing. waventube in the same units as d anattenuating coating provided on said dielectric-tube;andan evacuated envelope enclosing said helix and tube.
2.1 A traveling wavetube according-to claim *1, wherein:said attenuation coating ison 'the inner and-outer sur-' face of said tube.
3'. A-traveling wave tube according to 'claim'l, further comprising coupling members at each endof said" tube and positioned within said. envelope-for providing-coupling to. external wave guides; said= tube-being-firm1y-; 7
attached. at its opposite ends'to respective-of said"cou= pling members. 1
4: A. traveling. wave tube as. claimed in 'cl'a'im'i; char-i .acterised. in that each of th'e: couplingmembers-consists" of two 1 cup-shaped cylinders, anda metallic supportingmember; rigidly .inter-connecting said' cylinders; 5. Atravelihg-wave tube according'to claim 4; further comprising an: electron gunpositioned at one end' of" said; helical line. for directing an electron beam therealong, and Ia collector: electrode atthe other end of'said-i helical line for. collecting the electrons of said beams," means for supporting'one of saidcup-shapedmembers on'said collectorelectrode, and means for mounting-said electron. gun. in thefother of 'said'cup-shaped members;
6., A traveling-wave tube accordingtoclaim 5, further comprising-a ringmember on. said gun member-for-sup porting the gun,:end of said assemblywithin said envelopeand a member on said collector electrode sealed? with said envelope.
References Cited in the file of this patent
US499163A 1952-04-08 1955-04-04 Traveling wave tube Expired - Lifetime US2857547A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (18)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US776923XA 1952-04-08 1952-04-08
DE316934X 1952-04-08
DE734963X 1952-07-05
US778846XA 1952-08-19 1952-08-19
US740852XA 1952-08-19 1952-08-19
US773393XA 1952-08-21 1952-08-21
US773783XA 1952-08-23 1952-08-23
US777224XA 1952-09-29 1952-09-29
US777225XA 1952-10-11 1952-10-11
US773394XA 1952-10-31 1952-10-31
DE745099X 1952-11-07
US756370XA 1952-11-19 1952-11-19
US754861XA 1953-04-01 1953-04-01
DE780806X 1953-04-18
DE771189X 1953-11-27
DE767078X 1954-04-03
US861229XA 1956-10-26 1956-10-26
US886318XA 1957-05-03 1957-05-03

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US366288A Expired - Lifetime US2843789A (en) 1952-04-08 1953-07-06 Arrangement for magnetic beam concentration
US390688A Expired - Lifetime US2812469A (en) 1952-04-08 1953-11-06 Travelling wave tube arrangement
US423076A Expired - Lifetime US2911599A (en) 1952-04-08 1954-04-14 Attenuation for traveling-wave tubes
US499163A Expired - Lifetime US2857547A (en) 1952-04-08 1955-04-04 Traveling wave tube

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US366288A Expired - Lifetime US2843789A (en) 1952-04-08 1953-07-06 Arrangement for magnetic beam concentration
US390688A Expired - Lifetime US2812469A (en) 1952-04-08 1953-11-06 Travelling wave tube arrangement
US423076A Expired - Lifetime US2911599A (en) 1952-04-08 1954-04-14 Attenuation for traveling-wave tubes

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US (4) US2843789A (en)
BE (15) BE523177A (en)
CH (8) CH316934A (en)
DE (2) DE963704C (en)
FR (18) FR65473E (en)
GB (20) GB766790A (en)
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US2944181A (en) * 1954-08-05 1960-07-05 Int Standard Electric Corp Electron velocity modulation apparatus
US3250946A (en) * 1961-02-07 1966-05-10 Philips Corp Travelling wave tube, in which an electron beam interacts with a helical delay line, having spurious oscillation suppressing means
US3535580A (en) * 1968-03-21 1970-10-20 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Helix type travelling wave tubes
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GB778846A (en) 1957-07-10
BE519037A (en) 1900-01-01
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BE523897A (en) 1900-01-01
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FR68403E (en) 1958-04-30
GB777225A (en) 1957-06-19
FR69068E (en) 1958-09-22
CH316934A (en) 1956-10-31
CH334111A (en) 1958-11-15
BE522303A (en) 1900-01-01
GB777224A (en) 1957-06-19
BE534531A (en) 1900-01-01
BE524061A (en) 1900-01-01
GB780806A (en) 1957-08-07
BE523116A (en) 1900-01-01
FR68404E (en) 1958-04-30
CH335353A (en) 1958-12-31
GB773394A (en) 1957-04-24
BE522186A (en) 1900-01-01
GB754563A (en) 1956-08-08
GB754861A (en) 1956-08-15
CH317676A (en) 1956-11-30
BE524397A (en) 1900-01-01
US2911599A (en) 1959-11-03
FR66421E (en) 1957-02-27
US2843789A (en) 1958-07-15
BE521167A (en) 1900-01-01
GB766790A (en) 1957-01-23
FR65589E (en) 1956-02-28
CH322499A (en) 1957-06-15
GB810267A (en) 1959-03-11
FR68804E (en) 1958-06-10
FR65473E (en) 1956-02-21
FR68807E (en) 1958-06-10
GB767078A (en) 1957-01-30
DE963704C (en) 1957-05-09
CH330643A (en) 1958-06-15
FR65591E (en) 1956-02-28
GB861229A (en) 1961-02-15
BE528213A (en) 1900-01-01
FR65608E (en) 1956-02-29
NL98392C (en) 1900-01-01
GB773393A (en) 1957-04-24
FR65607E (en) 1956-02-29
GB773783A (en) 1957-05-01
BE523425A (en) 1900-01-01
BE545710A (en) 1900-01-01
FR66230E (en) 1956-06-05
GB756370A (en) 1956-09-05
BE523117A (en) 1900-01-01
GB740852A (en) 1955-11-23
GB771189A (en) 1957-03-27
GB776923A (en) 1957-06-12
FR65616E (en) 1956-02-29
DE1080702B (en) 1960-04-28
CH333699A (en) 1958-10-31
GB745099A (en) 1956-02-22
CH329897A (en) 1958-05-15
GB734963A (en) 1955-08-10
FR65606E (en) 1956-02-29
GB886318A (en) 1962-01-03
FR69062E (en) 1958-09-22
US2812469A (en) 1957-11-05
FR66233E (en) 1956-06-05
FR68407E (en) 1958-04-30
BE527787A (en) 1900-01-01
FR66228E (en) 1956-06-05
BE523177A (en) 1900-01-01

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