US2856659A - Method of making ingot of non-ferrous metals and alloys thereof - Google Patents
Method of making ingot of non-ferrous metals and alloys thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2856659A US2856659A US639868A US63986857A US2856659A US 2856659 A US2856659 A US 2856659A US 639868 A US639868 A US 639868A US 63986857 A US63986857 A US 63986857A US 2856659 A US2856659 A US 2856659A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ingot
- alloys
- mold
- mass
- ferrous metals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 19
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aqua regia Chemical compound Cl.O[N+]([O-])=O QZPSXPBJTPJTSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
Definitions
- a modified of statical casting embodiment of this invention instead process using a completely fixed metal mold, the bottom of mold fixed in a hot liquid bath such as hot water bath is mounted on a movable support to be distance when the molten pieces of needle form and never forms a sound ingot. On the other hand, if the is raised above about 30 C.
- the temperature of hot liquid such as hot water or hot oil may be selected as desired below the boiling temperature of water and to room temperature, but the lower temperature affects somewhat the surface of solidified mass according to the kind of copper alloys. But dilferent and copper alloys soundness of the ingot.
- Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a casting device for carrying out this invention
- Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of a device for carrying out continuous casting in accordance with this invention
- T 3 is a sectional view of a 99.5% aluminum ingot according to this invention showing the macro-structure etched in aqua regia;
- Fig. 4 is a similar sectional view to Fig. 3 of a 99.5% aluminum ingot made by conventional casting method using an ordinary ironimold.
- Fig. 1, 1 represents a water tank filled with hot water 2 at C. amounting to about liters. having 4 is a graphite crucible having a small hole 5 diameter) at its bottom.
- a molten metal a In Fig. 2, the same or similar parts are represented by the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1.
- the bottom 8 of mold 3 is made separately and supported on a movable support 9 and the molten metal such as 99.7% aluminum previously fused in and fed into the crucible 4 is flown down through its bottom hole 5 at a temperature of about 680 C. into the mold 3 similarly to the manner as explained with respect to Fig. 1.
- the movable support is slowly lowered carrying the solidified aluminum ingot on it, and again cast the molten aluminum, thus repeating this process an ingot having a diameter of 60 mm. and 700 mm. long was obtained.
- the temperature of water used was 90 C.
- the temperature of water was taken for example at about 84 C. and a mold made of copper plate 2 mm. thick having inner diameter of 50 mm. and 230 mm. high was immersed into hot water in the tank, and the molten Phosphor bronze at a temperature of 1130 C. was cast through the hot water into the mold and solidified in the hot water.
- the movable bottom support 9 was lowered gradually as the molten Phosphor bronze is poured into the mold 3 and a Phosphor bronze ingot 10 of 540 mm. long was obtained.
- the aluminum ingot made by the method of this invention showed uniform and fine granular structure as shown in Fig. 3 and the test piece of this ingot showed the attenuation of 0.33 db/cm. at the frequency of 3 mc./sec. as the result of test by an ultrasonic reflectoscope.
- the ingot made by an ordinary metal mold casting process showed the structure as shown in Fig. 4 and the attenuation of 0.56 db/ cm. at the same condition, the latter being about twice as high as the former.
- the ingot according to the method of this invention has improved mechanical properties superior to those of ordinary method. For instance, comparative tests of aluminum ingots of 99.9% and 99.5% purity made by the method of this invention (A) and ordinary metal mold casting process (B) are shown in the following table:
- a method of making ingots of non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, zinc, copper and alloys thereof which comprises pouring a molten metal directly into a liquid contained in an open bottom mold which is completely immersed in said liquid and causing the molten metal to deposit successively on the previously poured and solidifying mass after making turbulent and violent interphase agitation between molecules in the mass, thereby resulting in a uniform and homogeneous dispersion and mixing of particles and ingredients, and completing the solidification of the metal mass in said liquid.
- a method of making ingots of non-ferrous metals according to claim 1 which comprises using a liquid bath of water at a temperature of to 90 C.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
Description
lCHlJl OBINATA ETAL METHOD OF, MAKING INGOT OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND ALLOYS THEREOF Filed Feb. 13, 1957 Ill m IIIH INVENTOR.
United States Patent METHGD OF MAKING INGOT 0F NON-FERROUS METALS AND ALLOYS THEREOF Ichiji Obinata,
ikko, Japan, Iron, Steel and Sendai, Japan Application February 13, 1957, Serial No.
3 Claims. (Cl. 22-210) Sendai, and Takejiro Komatsubara, assignors to The Research Institute for Other Metals of the Tohoku University,
mold itself and also for its manufacture,
unhomogeneous crystal structure inner defects such as blow holes and has disadvantages of making the after-working and heat-treatment difficult and also reducing the yield.
In a known continuous casting process using a water and accompanies many is caused to successively deposit or accumulate on the previously poured and solidifying mass in the mold to form a cast mass making turbulent and violent interphase C. becomes slow so that the molten state may be maintained for comparatively long duration and the occluded gases can be ejected very easily, thereby resulting a sound ingot. In this case, the total volume of hot liquid in the bath is sufiicient with about 300 times the inner volume of the mold.
In a modified of statical casting embodiment of this invention, instead process using a completely fixed metal mold, the bottom of mold fixed in a hot liquid bath such as hot water bath is mounted on a movable support to be distance when the molten pieces of needle form and never forms a sound ingot. On the other hand, if the is raised above about 30 C.
can be obtained.
in case of making an ingot of copper and its alloy, the temperature of hot liquid such as hot water or hot oil may be selected as desired below the boiling temperature of water and to room temperature, but the lower temperature affects somewhat the surface of solidified mass according to the kind of copper alloys. But dilferent and copper alloys soundness of the ingot.
For a better understanding of this invention reference embodiments thereof, taken companying drawings, wherein,
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a casting device for carrying out this invention;
Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of a device for carrying out continuous casting in accordance with this invention;
Fig. 4 is a similar sectional view to Fig. 3 of a 99.5% aluminum ingot made by conventional casting method using an ordinary ironimold.
Now referring to Fig. 1, 1 represents a water tank filled with hot water 2 at C. amounting to about liters. having 4 is a graphite crucible having a small hole 5 diameter) at its bottom.
In carrying out the method of this invention, a molten metal a In Fig. 2, the same or similar parts are represented by the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1. In this case, the bottom 8 of mold 3 is made separately and supported on a movable support 9 and the molten metal such as 99.7% aluminum previously fused in and fed into the crucible 4 is flown down through its bottom hole 5 at a temperature of about 680 C. into the mold 3 similarly to the manner as explained with respect to Fig. 1. As the molten metal in the mold has solidified to a desired extent the movable support is slowly lowered carrying the solidified aluminum ingot on it, and again cast the molten aluminum, thus repeating this process an ingot having a diameter of 60 mm. and 700 mm. long was obtained. The temperature of water used was 90 C.
In the example of making an ingot of copper and its alloy according to this invention, the temperature of water was taken for example at about 84 C. and a mold made of copper plate 2 mm. thick having inner diameter of 50 mm. and 230 mm. high was immersed into hot water in the tank, and the molten Phosphor bronze at a temperature of 1130 C. was cast through the hot water into the mold and solidified in the hot water.
In using the device as shown in Fig. 2, the movable bottom support 9 was lowered gradually as the molten Phosphor bronze is poured into the mold 3 and a Phosphor bronze ingot 10 of 540 mm. long was obtained.
The aluminum ingot made by the method of this invention showed uniform and fine granular structure as shown in Fig. 3 and the test piece of this ingot showed the attenuation of 0.33 db/cm. at the frequency of 3 mc./sec. as the result of test by an ultrasonic reflectoscope. On the contrary, the ingot made by an ordinary metal mold casting process showed the structure as shown in Fig. 4 and the attenuation of 0.56 db/ cm. at the same condition, the latter being about twice as high as the former. Moreover the ingot according to the method of this invention has improved mechanical properties superior to those of ordinary method. For instance, comparative tests of aluminum ingots of 99.9% and 99.5% purity made by the method of this invention (A) and ordinary metal mold casting process (B) are shown in the following table:
a melting furnace In case of copper and copper alloys, the ingot made by the method of this invention showed more homogeneous, fine macro-structure than that obtainable by heretofore ordinary method and the test results of inverse segregation of tin in case of Phosphor bronze are shown as follows:
Position (refer to Fig. 3) Segregation of tin, percent (A) Superficial layer 8.77 (B) Outer layer 8.65 (C) Inner part 8.68 (D) Central part 9.00
Thus very good ingot of Phosphor bronze can be made by the method of continuous casting according to this invention without substantially inverse segregation which gave troubles to working and heat treatment in the ingot made by an ordinary process.
What we claim is:
1. A method of making ingots of non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, zinc, copper and alloys thereof, which comprises pouring a molten metal directly into a liquid contained in an open bottom mold which is completely immersed in said liquid and causing the molten metal to deposit successively on the previously poured and solidifying mass after making turbulent and violent interphase agitation between molecules in the mass, thereby resulting in a uniform and homogeneous dispersion and mixing of particles and ingredients, and completing the solidification of the metal mass in said liquid.
2. A method of making a comparatively long ingot of non-ferrous metal such as aluminum, zinc, copper and alloys thereof according to claim 1, the mold having a movable bottom, comprising gradually lowering the movable bottom of the mold when the cast molten metal has solidified in the mold to a desired extent thereby producing an ingot of a desired length in continuous manner.
3. A method of making ingots of non-ferrous metals according to claim 1 which comprises using a liquid bath of water at a temperature of to 90 C.
Elongation Purity of Oasting Temp. of Average Tensile percent Mold Aluminum temp, water, specific strength mark 0. C. gravity kg./mm. distance,
' mm thick 1 99.9 680 2.728 4.56 to 5.35 44-56 Math f i2 99. 5 680 2.745 6. 39 to 7.88 223-41 1mm thick.
(1 99.9 680 -90 2.729 6.13 to 6.86 52-60 Math References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 262,625 Small Aug. 15, 1882 2,298,348 Coxe Oct. 13, 1942 2,304,258 Junghans Dec. 8, 1942 2,363,695 Ruppik Nov. 28, 1944
Claims (1)
1. A METHOD OF MAKING INGOTS OF NON-FERROUS METALS SUCH AS ALUMINUM, ZINC, COPPER AND ALLOYS THEREOF, WHICH COMPRISES POURING A MOLTEN METAL DIRECTLY INTO A LIQUID CONTAINED IN AN OPEN BOTTOM MOLD WHICH IS COMPLETELY IMMERSED IN SAID LIQUID AND CAUSING THE MOLTEN METAL TO DEPOSIT SUCCESSIVELY ON THE PREVIOUSLY POURED AND SOLIDIFYING MASS AFTER MAKIING TURBULENT AND VIOLENT INTERPHASE AGITATION BETWEEN MOLECULES IN THE MASS, THEREBY RESULTING IN A UNIFORM AND HOMOGENEOUS DISPERSION AND MIXING OF PARTICLES AND INGREDIENTS, AND COMPLETING THE SOLIDIFICATION OF THE METAL MASS IN SAID LIQUID.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US639868A US2856659A (en) | 1957-02-13 | 1957-02-13 | Method of making ingot of non-ferrous metals and alloys thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US639868A US2856659A (en) | 1957-02-13 | 1957-02-13 | Method of making ingot of non-ferrous metals and alloys thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2856659A true US2856659A (en) | 1958-10-21 |
Family
ID=24565896
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US639868A Expired - Lifetime US2856659A (en) | 1957-02-13 | 1957-02-13 | Method of making ingot of non-ferrous metals and alloys thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2856659A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2968848A (en) * | 1959-01-02 | 1961-01-24 | Richard T Carter | Method of casting refractory shells |
| US3368273A (en) * | 1964-06-05 | 1968-02-13 | Nicolai J. Maltsev | Method and apparatus for continuously casting and rolling metal |
| US3415125A (en) * | 1967-05-12 | 1968-12-10 | William J. Collins | Device for sampling molten metal |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US262625A (en) * | 1882-08-15 | Apparatus for making wire-solder | ||
| US2298348A (en) * | 1940-05-11 | 1942-10-13 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Formation of metal shapes |
| US2304258A (en) * | 1937-06-07 | 1942-12-08 | Rossi Irving | Method of treating metals and metal alloys during casting |
| US2363695A (en) * | 1939-01-24 | 1944-11-28 | Ruppik Herbert | Process for continuous casting |
-
1957
- 1957-02-13 US US639868A patent/US2856659A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US262625A (en) * | 1882-08-15 | Apparatus for making wire-solder | ||
| US2304258A (en) * | 1937-06-07 | 1942-12-08 | Rossi Irving | Method of treating metals and metal alloys during casting |
| US2363695A (en) * | 1939-01-24 | 1944-11-28 | Ruppik Herbert | Process for continuous casting |
| US2298348A (en) * | 1940-05-11 | 1942-10-13 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Formation of metal shapes |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2968848A (en) * | 1959-01-02 | 1961-01-24 | Richard T Carter | Method of casting refractory shells |
| US3368273A (en) * | 1964-06-05 | 1968-02-13 | Nicolai J. Maltsev | Method and apparatus for continuously casting and rolling metal |
| US3415125A (en) * | 1967-05-12 | 1968-12-10 | William J. Collins | Device for sampling molten metal |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2856659A (en) | Method of making ingot of non-ferrous metals and alloys thereof | |
| JP2007204812A (en) | Method for producing metallic glass alloy and method for producing metallic glass alloy product | |
| US4564059A (en) | Method for continuous casting of light-alloy ingots | |
| US3375107A (en) | Copper base alloy and method for its manufacture | |
| US4101624A (en) | Method of casting silicon | |
| US1959029A (en) | Free cutting alloy | |
| Wang et al. | Semisolid casting of AlSi7Mg0. 35 alloy produced by low-temperature pouring | |
| US3360366A (en) | Method of grain refining zinc | |
| JPH0910893A (en) | Apparatus for producing metal for half melt molding | |
| US3650312A (en) | Hybrid casting-hot working process for shaping magnesium, aluminum, zinc and other die casting metals | |
| US3290742A (en) | Grain refining process | |
| US1290011A (en) | Process of making castings of rare-earth metals and their alloys. | |
| US3744997A (en) | Metallurgical grain refinement process | |
| US3483916A (en) | Ferro alloy casting process | |
| US3117864A (en) | Process for producing a worked gold alloy | |
| JP3339333B2 (en) | Method for forming molten metal | |
| US3239898A (en) | Production of high-quality ingots | |
| US3225399A (en) | Casting process using borax-silica slag | |
| US1752474A (en) | Method of treating metals | |
| CN113136491B (en) | Metal grain refining method | |
| JPH09279266A (en) | Method for precast forming metal | |
| JPS5923898B2 (en) | Continuous casting method for high silicon aluminum alloy | |
| US3841387A (en) | Method and apparatus for casting metal | |
| JPS5832567A (en) | Manufacture of metallic shot | |
| RU2000872C1 (en) | Method for casting ingots |