US2855532A - Electron tube for generating high frequency oscillations - Google Patents

Electron tube for generating high frequency oscillations Download PDF

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Publication number
US2855532A
US2855532A US444887A US44488754A US2855532A US 2855532 A US2855532 A US 2855532A US 444887 A US444887 A US 444887A US 44488754 A US44488754 A US 44488754A US 2855532 A US2855532 A US 2855532A
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United States
Prior art keywords
tube
anode
electrode
electrons
cathode
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US444887A
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English (en)
Inventor
Tomner Jean Sigvard Agne
Gustafsson Sven Gustaf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B9/00—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects
    • H03B9/01—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using discharge tubes
    • H03B9/10—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using discharge tubes using a magnetron
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/62—Strophotrons, i.e. tubes with H-field crossing the E-field and functioning with plural reflection

Definitions

  • Thisninventionl relatesy to an electron tube ⁇ permeated by a magnetic field for generating high frequency oscilla-H tions and particularly a tube of this kind arrangedvfor variable tuning within a wide frequency range.
  • the obj-ect of the inventionrv is chieiiyto improve electron tubes of lthe above described kind, tomake them. better suited for generating .frequency modulated oscillations having a great frequency deviationwan'd vgood linearity.
  • the invention relates especially toa further .development of the coaxial tube shown in said U. S. patent application Ser. No. 284,978, Figs. 7a and 7b, said coaxial tube being united With a Wave guide,.a tubular part of which serves as reflector electrode, and the lanode being located centrally in said part of the vwave g-uide. ⁇
  • the electron tube according to the invention ischaracterized by means ⁇ being provided4 for turning thel tubel around its axis, *which is perpendicular to the field ⁇ lines of the magnetic field, whereby'thev oscillation frequency of the electrons and thus the frequency ofthe generated high frequency oscillations Willnbe changed without the electrode potentials being changed.
  • the tube comprises .means to impart to the lCe
  • the invention will be closer described with reference l type shown in U. S. patent application Ser. No.'284,978.V
  • Fig. 7 shows the electrode system of a tube according to the invention, connected to a tuned circuit.
  • the tube shown in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises withinvan envelope 40 a cathode 1, located in an ,aperture in a -tubefshaped reflector electrode 4 yand a cylindrical anode 2.
  • the inner surface of the reflector electrode 4 and the anode 2 define an elongated discharge space.
  • a Vcollector electrode 7 is arranged, while cathode 1 is located at the opposite end of the discharge space.
  • the cathode 1 is so arranged, that a diameter through the cathode forms an angle a with a diameter perpendicup lar tothe magnetic field, as is shown in Fig. 2. The.
  • cathode1 which is supported bythe cathode leads .45, is manufactured of tantalum, tungsten or thorated tungsten, and it is spiralizedin the usual manner to increase the emitting surface Without increasing the heater. current required. tured of tantalum, whereby a gas absorbing getteraction isobtained and a special getter may be avoided. ⁇
  • the anode. is ⁇ cylindrical, as a round anode gives an alrnost ⁇ parabolicvoltage distribution if the rest ofthe electrode systemfis suitably shaped, as is seen. from Fig.,4 yof the. above ⁇ mentioned U. S. patent application. Ser.
  • the ⁇ collectoi is surrounded by a sleeve 41 of Kovar, which is sealed ybetween the envelope 40 and an upper ⁇ portion 40a of 'saidenvelope, but is chiefly free fromthe collector itself, ⁇ so ⁇ that at the centre of saidcollector, where the glass seal to the envelope 40 is located, a circular space 42 is formed.
  • the copper collector need not be vacuum tightened towards the sleeve 41, which is an advantage with regard to the different heat expansion coefficients' of these materials.
  • the sleeve 41 may be provided with1 cooling flanges (not shown on the drawing) for increasf ing the heat removal from Athe collector7, which is strongly heated during the operation of the tube.
  • the reflector electrode 4 is at its lower end prolonged by a sleeve 101, for example of Kovar, which is provided.
  • the anode 2 Vis preferably manufac-v and the tube 101 is supported by the insulating sleeve 103, whereby the envelope 40 can be rotated in relation to the coaxial line 104, S.
  • the whole tube can be rotated by turning the handle 46 but for facilitating a precise adjustment ofthe angle a, shown in Fig. 2, the tube may be rotated by means of any suitable lever or gear mechanism.
  • the bearing By providing the upper part of the inner and outer conductors 104 and 105 of the coaxial line with an axial slit, the bearing will be resilient, whereby the tube 40 will remain in a selected position after adjustment.
  • the magnetic eld is obtained from a permanent magnet 47, which is shown in Fig. 2 but not in Fig. 1.
  • the pole pieces of this magnet are so high, that a fairly homogeneous field is obtained in the elongated discharge space.
  • the height of the pole pieces is made equal to the diameter of the envelope 40, and the lower part of the magnet is placed at the same level as the cathode.
  • the electrons emitted by the cathode 1 When the tube is operating and under the influence of the outer magnetic iield (indicated by B in Figs. 3 and 4) permeating the discharge space, the electrons emitted by the cathode 1 have an oscillatory movement as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, whilst they are imparted a drift movement upwards under the influence of that component of the electrostatic field perpendicular to the magnetic tield between the reflector electrode 4 and the anode 2. When the oscillating amplitudes of the electrons have fallen to a fraction of the original amplitude, they hit the collector ⁇ 7.
  • the generated high frequency oscillations are taken out from the coaxial system104, 105 by means of a probe located in a holder 107 on the outer conductor 105, and their frequency can be adjusted by displacing the tuning means indicated by 108 and provided with a short-circuiting device 102.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 schematically show sections through the electrode system in a tube according to the invention and their object is to illustrate how the tube, by partial rotation about its axis relative to the magnetic field B, can be operated at different frequencies with the same anodeand reflector voltages.
  • the following expression is valid for the oscillation frequency of the electrons:
  • the oscillation frequency can be' expressed in the following manner:
  • Figs. 6 and 7 The object of Figs. 6 and 7 is to show the difference between the oscillation mode in a tube according to the fundamental embodiment in the U. S. patent application Ser. No. 284,978, shown in Fig. 6, and a tube according to the invention, shown in Fig. 7. ln these Figures 1, 2, 4, 4 represent the cathode, the anode and respectively tbc reflector electrodes. 126 is the source of anode potential, 125 the outer resonance circuit and 127 the oscillation plane of the electrons between the reflector electrodes 4, 4 and respectively within the reflector electrode 4.
  • a proper phase relation between the oscillating electrous and the high frequency oscillations requires that the transit time from one of the reflector electrodes 4 to the anode 2 in the known tube corresponds to a quarter of a period, whereas in the tube according to the invention it must correspond to a half period.
  • the tube according to the invention will thus oscillate with double the frequency, compared to the known tube. Since the oscillation frequency of the electrons is proportional to the square root of the anode'voltage according to the above given formulae, the difference between said two types of tubes can be described so, that for the same frequency and electrode interval the anode voltage of the tube according to the invention is a quarter of the anode voltage of the known tube.
  • An electron tube the discharge space of which is permeated by a magnetic field, and in which eiectrons accelerated in an electrostatic field parallel to the magnetic field exchange energy with a high frequency electric lield while oscillating to and fro, said tube comprising at least one cathode, one anode, one cylindric reflector electrode and one collector, with the anode located centrally in the discharge space limited by the reflector electrode, the collector being placed at one end of said space and the cathode at the other end, the electric field arising between the reflector electrode and the anode having a component parallel to the magnetic field causing the electrons to oscillate to and fro along a chord parallel to the magnetic field and the electric field having a component directed perpendicularly to the magnetic field, said last nientioned component imparting to the electrons a drift movement perpendicular to said field land said first component, and means for adjusting the relative position of the tube and the magnetic field about the reiiector axis, whereby
  • a high frequency generator comprising an electron tube having a tubular reflector electrode, a cylindrical anode located within said reector electrode, thereby forming an elongated annular discharge space between the reector and the anode, an electron emitting cathode located at one end of said discharge space adjacent to the reflector electrode, a collector electrode located at the other end of said discharge space, means for creating a magnetic field directed perpendicularly to the axis of said tubular reflector electrode, the component of the electric field between the reflector electrode and the anode parallel to the magnetic i'ield causing the emitted electrons to oscillate to and fro along a chord of the reliector electrode parallel to the magnetic eld, the component of the electric eld between the reflector electrode and the anode perpendicular to the magnetic eld causing the oscillating electrons to move slowly along the axis of the retiector elect-rode from the cathode to the collector electrode, and means for varying the angle seen in a plane perpen
  • An electron tube having an evacuated envelope, a cylindrical anode extending from one end of the envelope toward the other, a rellector electrode coaXially surrounding and spaced from the anode, a collector electrode at the opposite end of the envelope substantially closing the space within the reector electrode, a concentrated cathode electrode in the reector electrode ⁇ adjacent the wall thereof at the end opposite the collector electrode, means directing a magnetic lield across the discharge space within the reflector perpendicular to the anode axis whereby it is parallel to a component of the electrostatic field extending from the reector electrode to the anode, said component imparting to and fro oscillations along a reector chord to electrons accelerated in the electrostatic lield parallel to the magnetic field, a component of the electrostatic ield normal to the magnetic eld imparting a drift movement to the electrons perpendicular to the electrostatic field and toward said collector electrode, means comprising a tuned coaxial line connected to the reflector

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US444887A 1953-08-15 1954-07-21 Electron tube for generating high frequency oscillations Expired - Lifetime US2855532A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE331019X 1953-08-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2855532A true US2855532A (en) 1958-10-07

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US444887A Expired - Lifetime US2855532A (en) 1953-08-15 1954-07-21 Electron tube for generating high frequency oscillations

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2855532A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH331019A (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR1106374A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB770467A (en, 2012)
NL (2) NL189628B (en, 2012)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2928992A (en) * 1951-06-30 1960-03-15 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Electron tubes of the multi reflexion type

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2158114A (en) * 1936-11-21 1939-05-16 Telefunken Gmbh Ultra-high frequency multiplier
US2221743A (en) * 1939-09-30 1940-11-12 Rca Corp Magnetic volume control
US2395647A (en) * 1941-08-14 1946-02-26 Howard M Strobel Group impulsed high-frequency generator
US2522209A (en) * 1949-01-19 1950-09-12 Gen Electric Magnetically controlled electric discharge device
US2768328A (en) * 1946-11-05 1956-10-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency electronic device

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2158114A (en) * 1936-11-21 1939-05-16 Telefunken Gmbh Ultra-high frequency multiplier
US2221743A (en) * 1939-09-30 1940-11-12 Rca Corp Magnetic volume control
US2395647A (en) * 1941-08-14 1946-02-26 Howard M Strobel Group impulsed high-frequency generator
US2768328A (en) * 1946-11-05 1956-10-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency electronic device
US2522209A (en) * 1949-01-19 1950-09-12 Gen Electric Magnetically controlled electric discharge device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2928992A (en) * 1951-06-30 1960-03-15 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Electron tubes of the multi reflexion type

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB770467A (en) 1957-03-20
NL189628B (nl)
CH331019A (de) 1958-06-30
NL90921C (en, 2012)
FR1106374A (fr) 1955-12-19

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