US285366A

US285366A - slopes

Info

Publication number: US285366A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1883-09-18
Anticipated expiration: 1900-09-18

Description

2 Sheets-Sheen 1.,

(No Model.)

B. SLOPER.

STEAM BOILER FURNACE.

Patented Sept. 18, 1883.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheen 2.;

B. SLOPER.

STEAM BOILER FURNACE. No. 285,365 Patented Septi -18 1.833.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

BYRON SLOPER, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF,,WALTER M. JACKSON, AND LYMAN A. COOK, BOTH OF PROVIDENCE, R. I.

STEAM-BOILER FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 285,366, dated September 18, 18 83.

' Application filed July 28, 1583 (No model.)

To all who/n it may concern:

Be it known that I, BYRON SLoPnR, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York city, in the countyof New York and State of New York,-have invented certain new and. useful Improvements in Steam-Boiler Furnaces, of which the following is a specification, refer ence being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

' The object of the present invention is to effeet, as nearly as possible, a complete and perfect consumption of combustible material in the-firebox of a furnace, whereby the moon venience attendant upon the escaping smoke,

sparks, and cinders is obviated, and a large saving in fuel is effected by consuming valuable heat producing materials which have heretofore beenlost by imperfect surface-combustion and carried off by the exhaust. These objects I attain by the decomposition of abroad thin horizontal, or nearly horizontal, stratum of steam distributed in close proximity to the whole surface of a fire, in conjunction with a similar stratum of air artificially and purposely heated to nearly the temperature of the fire,

by which, in conjunction with the fuel by which I cause the decomposition of the steam and free carbon arising from the ordinary imperfect combustion into carbonic-oxide gas by the union of the oxygen of the steam with said carbon, and this, together with the carbonic oxide resulting from the decomposition of the steam by contact with the incandescent fuel employed, setting free the hydrogen of the stea1n,will'cause all the combustible products to be at once reunited and converted into aqueous vapor and carbonic acid by the instantaneous chemical reaction caused by the contact of highly-heated and rarefied air ac- 0 companying and driven over with the steam into the whole fire-surface by a distributed current of steam, the steam causing the air to hug or to be held to the fuel, so that the disassociated elements hydrogen and carbonic oxide may recombine with the oxygen of the heated air without the heretofore prejudicial action of the cold nitrogen forming a large volume ofthe air on the steam, which would cool it and prevent continuous action in its decomposition. By these means the greatest possible available heatpro lucing materials-such as carbonic oxide, hydrogen, and free carbon, in the form of smoke or sparks are utilized in such manner as to leave the draft perfectly free, without in any manner checking or impeding it, and rendering'sparkarresters unnecessary.

Among the advantages attendant upon my invention is the fact that by hugging and holding the air to the fuel by the distributed stratum Du of steam I am enabled to thoroughly bring about the mutual decomposition of the steam, heated air, and the carbonaceous and gaseous materials of the fuel, which have heretofore been carried off by the exhaust, and prevent the cooling of the flucs of the boiler by a volume of coldnitrogen.

To illustrate my invention I refer to the accompanying drawings,which show one method of carrying my invention into effect; but va- 7o rious other means may be employed without departing from the spirit of my invention.

In the said drawings, Figure 1 represents a longitudinal sectional view of a boiler, showing my invention applied thereto; Fig. 2, a 7 5 longitudinal horizontal section of the same, and Fig. 3 a perspective view of 'the tile or section through which the air passes prior to entering the furnace.

The letter A indicates the fire-box of the boiler-furnace, which may be of the usual or any approved construction.

B indicates a section or tile, of any suitable refractory material, having a tortuous flue, C, which extends from the water-legs at each side of the boiler, and is open to the outer air at the bottom on a line with the grate-bars, and which has openings or recesses E at the top, through which air passes, or is injected into the furnace by steam passed directly above go said openings or recesses. Above said slots are one or more steam-inj ectors, F, extending into the furnace, being connected by means of a pipe, G, with the dome of the boiler, whereby a current of dry steam may be dis- 5 tributed, under pressure, in a broad thin stratum over the stratum. of air and insure the reactions hereinbefore mentioned.

The air is carried through the tile or section by the induction of the blast or current of steam, and at atemperatu re equal or nearly equal to that of the incandescent fuel, and is brought into conjunction with the fuel by the stratum of superimposed steam and held to the surface of the fuel orveaused to hug it, so as to effect the thorough mutual reactions beforementioned.

The fuel rests upon the grate'bars 11, as usual, and the strata of steam and air are forced from the rear forward near the surface horizontally, or nearly horizontally, so as to not force the gases into the fuel too much, but carry them off and assist the draft ot'the exhaust.

The steam and air are carried under the tirebridge (indicated by the letter I) to the rear of the furnace; but in some instances, where the length of the fire-box is considerable, an additional'tile or section and injectors maybe located at the front of the fire-box, so as to effeetually subject the fuel to the action of the steam and air.

By practical experience .1: have found that in order to successfully and conti nnousl y decompose steam on the surface of carbon aeeous material it is of the utmost importance that the fuel upon which the steam impinges must be kept at an incandescent white heat, in order for the oxygen of the steam to unite with the free carbon of the fuel, otherwise the steam will pass off undecomposed and become an i nj ury to the fire.

By my process of bringing the air in contact with the steam in such a highly-heated state the large contained volume of nitrogen is prevented from cooling the steam and fuel and counteracting the beneficial effects of the oxygen and preventing thorough decomposition.

Thus I am able by this method to keep the surface of the fuel at a white heat, and keep up and maintain the reaction and decomposition continuously from the start.

Ha-vipgthus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, 1s-

The herein-described process of promoting the surfaee-combustion of fuel and bringing the same to an intense incandescent heat by the decomposition of steam in connection with highly-heated air, both the steam and air be ing delivered each separately and in a broad thin horizontal, or nearly horizontal, stratum in close proximity to the whole surface of the fuel, so that all the atoms of steam come into instant contact with the fuel, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof I atiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

BYROX SLOPER.

Witnesses:

(3. L. Coonnns, H. J. Ennis