USRE2058E - Improvement - Google Patents

Description

State oi' Illa ssaoliusetts, llave invented certain To el! whom it muy] concern ile it known tust I, JONMHAN Autom', of lf' est Roxbury, iu the county of Norfolk and new and useful linprovem ents in Furnaoes for Steam-Boilers and other Heat-Generators; and l do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the saine, reference being had, for the purpose of illustratioin to the accompanying drawings, in Wl'xiel1- Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a locomotive-boiler to which my invention' is applied; Fig. 2, a transverse section through the lire-box.

The effect of fuel upon produetiveness of nations, the Wealth and comfort of the people is too Well known to require any comment ou Athe transcendent importan oe oi" its economical use. Heat, the new indispensable agent in the various branches of manufacture, of transportation, and of proteetion against inelemeney -of Weather, eau only oe obtained et the eX- pense of fuel; but the amount of heat obtained from fuel by the modes heretofore practiced is fur `below its theoretical value. limmense quantities of fuel are daily lost without any useful eileet by being discharged in. the forni i of smoke 'through chimneys, while a consider I able portion oi' the lieat is not evolved. To

remedy 'this evil is' the object and of my 1 improvements. i l My invention is based on fast 'that heeft evolved by eouibustion is propei-tionate to tlie l quantity ot' oxygen consumed, more combustible, the lighter, vided. The lconvert fuel into a llgglit substance,

' fuel is l' nd more fili problem. was, tl` more, iirst, to of v whatever derivation kind and highlydivided eolnlusti'ole l d, eeeond,'to supply suoli lig-ntl and highly-Htl. .tiled substance Witn abundauee 1 of oxygen. 'llo this end the fuel is turned so l as to evolve combustible wiiio'u are l mixed with air {lieufl life readily deceniposed)a11d consume he lieat time generated is the heat evolvedbythis latter com; y bastion apelado to the heat previously ,acquired bythe f In order tout viole of my invention tue usual ille fired under the grate, will burn from its descendu producing carboni s operation may be .Fully understood, 'l' suppose an ordinary lire-chamber or i'nre boiler, for instance.) provided with iiregrate, which is Icharged through oor with fuel;

The air-enteringfrom the coal (if suoli be thi 4fuel) un der surface upwerd;

:The

'lg coal is thus entirely consumed,

o acid and ashes.

The latter fall tlirougli the grate while theA former ascending through the upper strata of coal,

which, being below,

ignited by is converted into carbonio oxideland the heat of the lmass mingles with the vapors or gases generated in the up per lortions of the eoal.

These vapors or gases vary with the nature ofthe fuel, but

consist mainly of hydrocarbons.

composition of the gases Whichurnaces and boilers are carried through'he'" lues oro tl: er heati feet, the

lf it be by the burnin g of e ng media,

Snell is the in ordinary and constitute; in

principal heating' element. l new considered that the hea-t evolved by the chemical action is about 4,0000, `while readily u is redueed to less Alire-eliain sequently a great of fuel.

state to t proper supply of oxygen.

of eomloustion-that is, arbon into carbonio acidthe imperfect combusarbon,l e., its conversion-'into earbonio oxide-produces out 1,2000, 'it Will be nderstood that the heat at the grate bei' above,

0n the other lle eliilnney b than one-third in the and that there is oon- Waste or wasteful use hand the gases in, the

rare highly combustible and oarbut unconsnmedeoause of the Want ot' a r These eo'xnbustilole gases may thus be considered as fuel in the very liestoonditions for lng lit, in high sloerie si also highly stu-te of division,

efficiency, it being and already tu these gases at-'mos heated, be mixed, they and evolve heattlue to their chemical oduoiug an intensely-heated flame.

n ntion, i

various furnaces used manufactures may be modioat boiler.

ions lsyts ada understanding of the principles of ts general applieatomto the iu the useful arts and exemplitled,fsub j eet.l to ptation to a locomotive;-

rotation or eddying `of the gases from the tireplace in said chamber, so that in connection with. theorilccs for the admission of air 1n said-curves a more intimate mixingof the air withV the gases is effected, and beingthus mixed they are so presented to the incoming lcurrent of iame' as to insure their ,complete combustion. The curves are made in preference of. metal properly heating' the air to be thrown into the combustion-chamber, as before explained.

In the construction of the curves of locomo= tive-boilers, as shown in the drawings, they must, however, necessarily b e made oi metal both fromthe less space occupied than would be if bricks were used for security against being destroyedl by the jostling of the locomotive in running over the inequalities of the road, and also for the reason that they can be more conveniently connected with the boiler; but unlessthe metal curves were in some way protected from the fierce heat ofthe flame from theiire-place, or more especially ou that side next to the iire place, they would be destroyed in a few hours. result, and at the same time toheat the air to be thrown into the eombustionchamber, I make the space or chamber behind the curves the heater, and by so bringing in the current of air as to throw the current against the most heated side of the chamber, which, by rapidly absorbing the heat, keeps the metal so cool as to preserve it while the air is, heated to a degree proper to be injected into the combusiionchamber, and 'then combined pfith the unconsumed gases.

The drawings represent a locomotive-boiler as'disconneeted from al1 accessory parts.

A is the boiler, B, the hre-chamber; (l, the

oJmbu'stion-chamber, and l) .the metallic curveswhich inclosethe combustion-chamber, as shown, and also serve as -a heatingchamber for the air before it passes into the combnsticirchamber, The more remote extremityof the curve lf is formed much like the corresponding part'of t'i'ecurve described in Bakers patent, before mentioned, excepting as to the admission of the air, which is here admitted through the holes a e, 6to., as shown, but at the opposite extremity E it is made with an internal curve, d, uniting with theinternal curve in' a horizontal position, forming an overhanging projcctiomas shown in the drawing at e, over which externally To prevent this` `whole breadth ot' the curves, throughwhich the air passes into the 'combustion-chamber.- This serves both to protect the thin extremi` ties of the curves fromthe intense heat of the dame as it comes from thefirechamer, and distributes the air evenly to the volume of gases passing over it.' rfhe air is supplied to. the outer part of the volume throughvthew holes c a, &e.,in the other extremity of the curve, which also protects that partof theextreme heat. In the curves of the Baker fur-- nace, before mentioned, they are shown'in theJ patent of such form as to cause the rotation of the eddies formed in the chambers t bein a backward direction, or with the retirrning stratum uppermost, but it is found `by experi ment th at the natural tendency of the eddy is to revolve in the opposite direction. My improvement in the form of the curve is designed to carry out that principle and insure the more perfect formation of the eddy, by the action or' which the intimate mixture ot' the air with the gases is e'ected to adapt them to complete combustion.

The air is admitted into the heating-chamber through the pipe G, extending forward di the boiler,`being forced in by the draft, and also by the progressive movement of the engine; but it may be admitted at any otherI part, as at I, provided the cnrrents'are thrown upon the more heated parts to'protect them. H are the tubes, constructed in the usual way, except that they are shorter and extend only to the recess in which the curves are placed, which occupies the space usually occupied by the tubes.

The operation of the improvements is believed to be suicientlyob vious from the drawings and description, and may be considera bly modiiiedin form without changing the principles.

Having thus described my invention and the manner in which the same is or may be car` ried into effect, I claim- 1. Admitting into the rire-boxor chamber of furnaces or heatl generators so as to impinge upon and ,mix with the dame or products of combustion atmospheric air by means of and in combination'with conduits or receptacles so and conveying such gaseous fuel to a separate chamber, there to be consunied by combining In testimonyhwhereof AI hatc signed my Withflhcated air, as set forth.

.3." The combination of a re-chamber of orscribiug witnesses.'

dinamy or suitable construction for burning r 5;2 solid fuel and for producing combustible gases,Y JONATEAN AMORY' with a combustion-chamber in which said com Witnesses:

bustible gases are mixed with air and burned JOSEPH GAVETT, j

iu the manner hercinbcfore described. Ay.'l POLLOK.

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