USRE9588E - Bybon slopee - Google Patents

Description

' B... SLOPBR, Assignor of one-half to W. M. JACKSON. Hydrocarbon Furnace.

Reissued Feb, 22, 1881.

No.9,58s-

'qqn'- llllflIl/Ill.: 1"

UNITED STATES BYRON SLOPER, OF NEW YORK, s. Y.,Ass1euon or ONEHALF rro WALTER M., JAOKsoN, or PROVIDENCE, RHODE istmo.

HYDROCARBON-FURNAC-E.

,SBECIFXCATION forming' part of Ressued Letters Patent No. 9,588, dated February 22, 1881.

Original No. 236,698, dated December 18, 188D. Application for reissue filed January 28, 15H1.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, BYRON SLOPER, a citizen of the United States, residi ng' at NewYork, in the county of New York and State of New 5 York, have invented certain Improvements in Furnaces; 'and I hereby declare the following' to be a'i'ull, clear, and exact description ofthe invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to makeand use the same, reterencebeing had to theaccompanying drawings, and-to letters of reference marked thereon,which form apart of this specification.

rlhis invention relates to certain improvements in hydrocarbon-furllaces-. c., in the 15 application of vaporized water, with or without..li1}uill...or.-subdividedfuel in connection with solid or porous carbonaceous material for the production of heat-and in apparatus for carrying' such improvements into effect.

Heretofore, in the employment of liquid fuel for the production of heat, it has been injected into al furnace by means of steam under pressure and there ignitcththe steam serving' simply as amedinm for its introduction, the heat produced depending' entirely upon the consumption of th'e liquid fuel.' When thus applied the carbon of 'the fuel, being simply burned y uniting' withthe atmospheric air in a cold state, carried into the furnace by the natural 3o draft, produces a white llame of comparatively small heating' capacity, and the steam passes off undecomposcd, and its valuable gaseous constituents are not utilized.

I have discovered, by'practical experience,

an improved method in which the gaseous constituents of steam can be utilized bydecomposing' the steam and burning'. the resultant gases,l either alone or in conjunction with liquid or subdivided fuel, which gases consist,

4o principally, ol" pure hydrogen and carbonio oxide, the latter being un inllammablc gas, generated by the union of the stcamj with the carbon ot' the fuel, and a valuable heating agent. To accomplish this result, however, I

have found it absolutely nccessaryjto modify they existing' furnaces, and to effect the decomposition by bringing the'vaporinetl water or steam. into intimate contact with solid on, porous earbonaceous materia-1, atan intense white 5o heat, ina decomposing-retort and combustionchamber, as will be more fully hcreinafterspecitied. Vhen the steam is thus decomposed, and the resultant gases are burned in conjunction with the liquid or subdivided fuel, I have found that the combustion of such fuel is not only complete, but that the heat is greatly intensilied and the consumption ofthefuel largely 1'edtlced,owing' to the instantaneous*decomposition of the steam and the utilization of the gases arising' therefrom.

Throughout the px'esent specification I refer to solid .or porous carbonaccous material as a decomposing agent in contradistinetion to the liquid or subdivided fuel employed, and by such solid or porous carbonaceous materiall I )leraar-either coal, colic, charcoal, or other similar material, whether compa-ct, such as coal, or porous, such as charcoal, coke, or the like.

My inventionconsists,'lirst, in the production of heat, of a process Otdecomposing water '7o by injecting the same, in a vaporized condition, either with or without the admixture of either liquid 'or subdivided fuel, into or upon solid or porous carbonaceous material located in, a combined decomposineretort and eombustionchamber, and constructed for the purpose, whereby mutual decou'lposition of the water 'and fuel into hydrogen and carbonio oxide is effected by causing' thc vaporized water, either alone o1' in conjunction with the liquid or sub- 8o divided fuel, to hug77 the surface Ot the 'solid carbouaccous material and be brought into intimate contact with the same, substantially as specified; second, in a process ol burning' liquid Or subdivided fuel, in conjunction with the resulting from the decomposition of water, by atomizine; and injecting? such fuel, together with a current ol' steam, upon a bed of solid or porouscarbonaceous material heated to an intense white heat in a suitable combined 9o decomposing-retort and combustion-chamber, wherebythe mutual decompositionofthe steam and fuel into hydrogen and carbonio oxide is effected by the successive and intimate contact ofthe steam and the liquid or subdivided fuel upon the solid or porous cax'bonacepus material in the said combined decomposing-retort and combustionchamber, and perfect combustion of thc resultant gases is effected, and the most intense heat produced, asniore fully 10,3

hereinafter specifico; third, in an improved process of burning liquid or subdivided fuel byatomizing and injecting the saine by means o' zireurrent ot' steam upon a bed of carbonaceous` material heated to an intense vvhite heat i l ina combined deoonii os11wreto1t and corn bus- L, tion-oihaniber, and eausingi it, together with the gases generatethlto rriverberate over or throughlfthe solid or porousearbonaeeous material, so yas to bring;` it and said gases into intimate contact with successive fresh portions of solid on porous oarbonaceous material, as more 'uiif. hereinafter set forth; fourth, in a process of burning liquid or subdivided iuel oy atomizinfi, andinjecting the saineupon a bed et' solid or porous earbonaceous material heated to an intense 'White heat in a combined deeouiposing-retort or combustiori-chamber, in conjunction with a current ol" heated air, land causing the whole to reverberute over `the solid or porous carbonaeeous material, so as to bri ng tliegases developed i nto eontaetwith sueeessiv'e fresh portions of solid or porous carbonaeeous /nateriahwhereby athorough combustion ot' the liquid or Subdvideddi'Iel is eli'ected and an in tense heat produced giiii'th, in the combination,

in a furnace for burning,` liquid or subdivided fuel, of a combined deeomposinguetort and combastion-chaniben and having its interior provided with a series oi' detleeting or reverberation' surfaces to dciiect or reverberate the liquid or subdivided ll'uel and steam, and the ases` arisino therefrom und canse the saine to come successi vely into intimate eontactwitii.

' fresh pririions ot' the solidlor porous carbonaeeous material; s h, in the combination, inv a Vuriuiee 'or burning' liquid or subdivided fuel and deeon'iposing steam, of a deeoinpositigre.- tort und eoinbustioii-ehaniber, adapted to hold solid orporous earbonaeernis material, and provided with a lies olf revelberatint,l surfaces on its inte ier, the said combined decomposing-retiirt and comboStien-chamberbeing made in sections ot' iire-tiies or other refractory in-al terial, whereliy it inabv be located in the urnace without ren'iovin'f the front or anv )or- T', e

tion ot' the saine, as more l'uily hereinafter fertili; scventhin the eomiunation, in a furnace i'or burning` liquid o1' subdivided fuel, et' a deeolnposing-retort and Combustion-chainber and adapted to hold'solid or porous carbonaceous material, and provided with a series et' reverbernting und deilecting surfaces on its interior, und a suitable izjeetor, for introducing liquid or s'ulnlivided At'uel, Vwhereby the ,gases `ejeneiated therefrom are caused to hug,` thevsurt'aee ol' the earboinieeons material, as

, more t'ullj,Y hereinafter specified 5 eightht in the conibinatiol'i, in a furnace, ol.' a combined de composing retort andy combustion chamber adapted to contain .solid or porous carbonaeeous material, with an atomizing-injeetor for injecting,` liquid or subdivided fuel into said v retort and ehamberand suitable air-passages,

wlnere-byY hea-ted air, it' neeessary, may he introduced into the retort and comb ustiou-chaiuber, in non in notion with the liquid or subdivided fuel and steam, and caused to reverberate over and hugthe solid or porous earbonaceons material loil tlieipurpose ofeompletng the combustion andintensiiiying the heat, as more fully hereiuafteriset forth; and, ninth, in the combination, with the` combined deeomposinga'etort and eombustionlehamber, of an injector Where` by'atomized or subdivided fuel, in conjunction with afeurrent of steam, may be supplied to said retort and combustion-eliainber, as mord fully hereinafter set forth.

lu the drawings, Figure 1 illustrates a lon gi tudinai vertical 'section ot' an improved furnace for carrying;` out n1 y' inyention. Figa represents a horizontal section ofthe saine, andiig'. 3 a detached sectional view ot' my improved injector.

The letter A indicates, the furnace, which may be constructed ot' any suitable material,

and which may be of the Ordinar;r or any approved 'o1'1n,aeeording to the different purposes for which the heat may be desired,

r[he letter B` indicates a combined decom- Aposing-retort'and combustion-chaniber, which This may be may be located in the furnace. constructed of any suitable reflector),v material. In the present instance it is represented as constructed of tire-tiles andin sections, built up in the eentralvpart ot the furnace, at the forward end of the sammleasing the heatingspaces C and C' at each side; but it may be otherwise constructed and located Without departing from my invention.

rlhe letter D indicates the door ot the fur.- nace, lo'eated directly in front'ot' the combineddecomposingfretort and combustion-chainber, so that the solid or porous carbonaeeous material (indicated by the letter E) can be convenientlyv charged into said chamber and retort.

'l`he letter F indicates an atomizilig-injector, by means ot' which the liquid or subdivided i'uel is introduced. This injector is constructed of east metal, with the body in one piece, having chambers Gand li, provided with suitable' pipes I and K, by means ot' which it can be connected with a suitable steam-generator or liquid or subdivided fuel receptacle or supplychamber. rEhe said injector is provided with detachable Screw -nozzles 4L M, `which have their Walls in parallel conical planes, W i in pl'aee, and which can be adjusted, by means of suitable washers interposed between them and the seat on the bod)y ot' the injector, so as to IOO vary the relative distance between their ref" tors mayv be located just in front ofthe furnace,

projecting through a suitable aperture or apertures in the. same, in a line about ou a level with the top ot' the combined deeornposingretort and eonibristicii-chamber, so as to projeet the liquid or subdivided i'uel against the lirst of a series of detleetiner or reverberatingsurfaces, and from such directly into the body of the solid or porous carbonaeeons L,ratori-a1, fiat nozzles bein g preferably used on the injector or injectors to spread the flame over a large surface of the carbonaceous material in the retort. The injector or injectors are preferable swiveled to their connecting fuel andk steam pipes, so that they maybe swung back or forth, in order to be under ready control forthe purpose of cleaning. The interior ofthe'combined decomposing-retort and combustion-chamber is provided with a series of detiecting-surfaces, K', formed by a series ot' salient and re-entering curves or angles, the object of which is to detlect the injected fuel, and the gases generated therefrom, or the steam employed, and cause `the same to rcverberate through the combined decomposing retort or chamber, an d hug the solid or porous carbonaceous material therein, so as to be thoroughly decomposed and consun1ed, and thereby crea-te an intense heat.

The letter L indicates the air-pipes, entering at the rear or other lportion of the furnace and extending through the hottest part of the furnace to the front of the combined decomposing-retortand combustion-chamber, wherethey terminate in such position that thedraft caused by the injected steam will create an induced current ot' air, ,which will enter the combined decomposing-retort. and combastion-chamber along with the injected steam, and thus assist in the combustion, the air in its passage through the pipes being heated to an intense heat, by-wbich the combustion -is greatly intensitiedf The connections leading to the injector, as well as the air-pipes, are provided with suitable cocks and valves, by means of which the supply of steam and liquid or subdivided fuel and the air admitted may be controlled.

In order to observe the interior of the combined decomposing retort and combustionchamber, and the combustion taking place therein, one or more bulls-clves may be provided atany convenient point in the furnace for the purpose.

Theoperation of myinvention will be readily understood in connection with the above description, and is as follows: lhe combined decomposing-retort and combustion-chamber `is properly charged with the solid or porous carbonaceous material, which forms an inclined bed therein, as indicated in the drawings. This material being ignited and brought to a white heat, the steam, with or without the liquid or subdivided fuel, isintroduced through the injector. rlhe steam and the liquid or subdivided fuel, in an atomized condition, enter the front of the combined decomposing-retort and combustionchamber, being` detlectfl directly upon the bed of solid or porous carbonaceous material, where the steam is instantaneously decomposed by the oxygen of the steam'uniting with the carbonaceous material inthe combined decomposing-retort or com-v the same time serving to perfectly consume the gases, creating a most intense heat. The salientand reentering curves ofthe combined decomposingretort check the velocity of the steam, especially when under high pressure, and cause the volume of gases generated alternately to expand and contract in said'condenser, so that they cannot escape uneonsu med. The gases resultingfrom the decom posed steam furnish the main and most important heating factor, thus largely reducing the consumption ofthe fuel. j

Having thus fully described my invention, what l. claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In the production of heat, a process of decomposing water by injecting the same, in a vaporizcd condition, either with or without the admixture of either liquid or subdivided fuel', into or upon solid or porous carbonaceous material located in a combined decomposingretort and combustion -chamber constructed for the purpose, whereby'mutual decomposition of the water and fuel into hydrogen and carbonio oxide is effected by causing the' vaporized water, either alone or in conjunction with the liquid or subdivided fuel, to hug the surface of the solid or porous carbonaceous material, and be brought into intimate contact with the same, substantially as and, for the purposes specilied.

2, The process of burn-ing liquid or subdi- .decomposing-retort and combustion-chamber,

ICO

whereby the mutual decomposition of the steam and fuel into hydrogen and carbonio oxide is eifected by the successive and intimate contact of the steam and the liquid or subdivided fuel upon the solid or porous carbonaceous material in the said combined decomposing-retort and' combustion -chamber, and perfect combustion ofthe resultant gases is effected, and the most intense heat produced, substantially as specied.

3. The process ot' burning liquid or subdivided fuel by atomizing and injecting' the same, by means ot' a current of steam, upon a bed of carbonaceous material heated to an intense white heatin a combined decomposingretort and combustion-chamber, and causing it, together with the gases generated, to revcrberate over the solid or porous carbonaceous material, so as lto bringit and said gases into intimate contact with successive fresh portions of solid or porous carbonaceous material, substantially as specified.

4. The process ot' burning liquid or subdivided fuel by atomizing and inj eating the same upon a bed of solid or porous carbonaceous material heated to an intense white heat in a combined decom posing-retort and combustion,- chamber, in conjunction. with a current of heat i ed air, and causing lthe whole to reiverberate over and ling the solid or porous eurbonaceousmeterial, soos to bring the gases developed into intimal@ contact with f/successive 5 fresh portions of solid or porous earbonceous' runter-lul, whereby a thorough combustion of the liquid or su/bdivided fuel is eieeted and a intense heat produced.

5. In a furn/aee for burning' liquid or subdivided fuel, o combined decomposing-retort and combustion-chamber, having its interior provided kwith n series of salient and re-entering deileleting's/rt'nee tn defleet yand -reverberate the liquid gli' subdivided fuel und steam, und the gases /nrising therefrom, ind cause the samekto eoxnesuccessively into. intimate Con tact vvililltliffresh portions of the solid or porous earbonoeeous n1 aterial. Y 6. 'Ifile l'u/inace for burning liquid or subdivided fulellohd Idecomposing steam, a combined deeompdsing-retort and combustion-eliumber adopted yVio hold solid or porous eurbonne'eons mleriqlythe said combined deeoinl'iosing-retoro und klombustion-chamber being ina-de in sections of lire-tiles or other ref'rnctor muto riul, wliereby\it muy be located in the furnace without removing the front or {in}Y other portion of tlie'sozne, substantially as specified. ,K 7. The combination, inw;J furnace 'orburngclng liquid or subdivided fuel7 of a, combined decomposing-retort and combustion'cliamber adapted to hold solid or porous carbonneeous material, and provided with n, series of berating and deliectiug surfaces' on its ineriorfoud a, suitable injector for iurodueing 3; liquid or subdividedY fuel, whereby the gases generated therefrom are eeused to the surfue-e of the carbonaeeous materiel, solisten tially as speeilied...

. 8. The'eombination, in :L furnace for burning liquid or subdivided fuel, of u eomlined decomposing-retort and eombustieuehoinber, 'adapted to contain solid or porous ears-Queueous material, with an atomiziug-inieetor for injectiug liquid or subdivided i'uel into said com bined retort and chamber, and suitable eirpassages, whereby heated air may be introdueedinto the `retort and. eombus-ionchamber, in conjunction with the liquid or subdivid fuel'and steam, and caused lo reverberse o :milling thesolid or porous oerbonaoeous uu.- terial for the purpose of oompletingtize efe@ loustion and intensifying the lie-ui, subste tiallv us set forth. v f I El. 'lhe-eombinution, with the combined den composing-retort and eoinbusen-chamber, au injeetor, whereby utomized or subdivided l'uel, in conjunction with o current of slzeu'iu or ui), maybe supplied. to sii-id retort and com nonche-mbox', substuntielly amspeeied.

' BYRGNSLGPER.

Witnesses:

f- DLP. GoWL,

GEO. R. BYING'roN.

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