US2853460A - Binding agent for extrudable brake lining material - Google Patents
Binding agent for extrudable brake lining material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2853460A US2853460A US501187A US50118755A US2853460A US 2853460 A US2853460 A US 2853460A US 501187 A US501187 A US 501187A US 50118755 A US50118755 A US 50118755A US 2853460 A US2853460 A US 2853460A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- brake lining
- extrudable
- lining material
- binding agent
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 244000226021 Anacardium occidentale Species 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 235000020226 cashew nut Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004150 EU approved colour Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001896 cresols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940006093 opthalmologic coloring agent diagnostic Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimagnesium;hydroxy(trioxido)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].O[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] CWBIFDGMOSWLRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003739 xylenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/021—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing containing asbestos
- F16D69/022—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing containing asbestos in the form of fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G16/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers not provided for in the groups C08G4/00 - C08G14/00
- C08G16/02—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers not provided for in the groups C08G4/00 - C08G14/00 of aldehydes
- C08G16/0293—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with monomers not provided for in the groups C08G4/00 - C08G14/00 of aldehydes with natural products, oils, bitumens, residues
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L61/00—Compositions of condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08L61/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
- C08L61/14—Modified phenol-aldehyde condensates
Definitions
- Brake lining materials or mixtures which may be formed extrusively are well known. They invariably consist in a composition of dough-like consistency composed 'the solvent creates a fire or toxic hazard, it is responsible for slow curing rates due to tenacious retention of the solvent in the composition, the extruded articles shrink while drying out, the solvent is expensive in first cost, some of it is inevitably lost during manufacture, and insofar as it is recoverable for re-use such recovery can be achieved only at considerable expense.
- a binder for an extrudable brake lining material of the kind referred to above consists of an aqueous resin emulsion made from the ingredients (a) to (d) and in the proportion ranges thereof set forth in the following Table A.
- the proportions of phenol and cashew nut shell liquid in the extreme, may be (d) Water 100% of cashew nut shell liquid and zero percent of phenol; that is, or the cashew nut shell liquid may be used by itself as the resinifying ingredient and still give a serviceable brake linking material.
- both of these ingredients are used with neither being present in any smaller proportion than one-quarter the amount of the other.
- the phenol employed may comprise, in addition or instead of ordinary phenol, substituted phenols, cresols, xylenols, or mixtures of any two or more thereof in any proportions.
- The-cashew nut shell liquid may be raw or it may be thickened, by use of dehydrating agents, in known manner.
- the raw liquid is first heattrcated in known manner; for example, by preheating to 250300 F. and sending it through a counter 7 water is included due to the use of formalin or other aqueous solution, the amount of water to constitute ingredient (d) above is correspondingly adjusted.
- the alkaline catalyst is caustic soda or other well known resin catalyst such as caustic potash for example.
- the catalyst may be previously dissolved in the water of ingredient (d).
- the ingredients (a) to (d) are simply mixed together, for example, in a slow speed stirrer with, for preference, a trace. of a common anti-foaming agent such as that known as D. C. 200 Fluid.
- the mixed ingredients are thenheated to the boiling point of the mixture (about 207 F.) and refluxed in a vessel fitted with a stirrer and a reflux condenser open to atmosphere which prevents loss of water during refluxing.
- the refluxing is carried out at the mentioned boiling temperature and at atmospheric pressure until the desired viscosity of the mixture is reached.
- the reflux time will depend on the relative proportions of the resinifying material ingredients.
- the refluxing time may be only a few minutes, where- Table B (a) Phenol 0.7541h01. ('b1)i'Hieiat treated cashew nut shell qu 0.246mo1. (c) Formalln 0.85 mol. (d) Caustic soda 1% of the combined weight of mgre weight of ingredients (a) and (b).
- a brake lining material (a) Water Although the dominant ingredients of a brake lining material are a fibrous material and a binder as discussed above, usual friction dusts and colouring agents may be added in accordance with known practice. Typical examples of mineral fillers for inclusion in the mix are barytes, magnesium oxide, manganese dioxide, and there are many others. Any selected proportion of a thermosetting resin powder may also be added in accordance with current practice.
- the fibrous material is preferably chrysotile asbestos fibre treated by usual methods of crushing and blowing to open the fibre bundles and thus facilitate mixing.
- the asbestos is preferably dried before incorporation with the other ingredients.
- the lining material composition also includes a curing in such proportion of the agent as will approximately.
- the lining material ingredients other than the binder emulsion, are first mixed together dry; if necessary, the ingredients are ground together in a hammer mill or the like before blending with the asbestos.
- the mixed dry materials are then mixed with the binder resin emulsion, for example in a dough mixer type of machine.
- the finally mixed material is then extruded as brake lining strip which is cut to lining lengths and cured in usual manner, for example by placement in a. curing oven at 400 F. for about'two hours.
- the binder emulsion is equivalent to 24.0 parts by Weight of anhydrous resin and the water in the mixture will constitute approximately 9.3% or the weight of the mixture.
- the binder emulsion is equivalent to 18.0 parts by liqui (b) Formaldehydm weight of anhydrous resin and the water in the mixture will constitute approximately 7% of the weight of the mixture.
- cashew nut shell liquid as being included in molecular proportions, it is not certain whether this ingredient can be assigned molecular weight. However, the proportions of cashew nut-shell liquid are not closely critical, and from experi ment, we have found that if it be assumed to have a molecular weight-of about 288, the purposes aOf the-invention will be served.
- a water-resin emulsion binder for extrudable, fibrous brake lining materials consisting of (a) A henol and cashew "nutshell liquid mixture wherein the latter is at least one-quarterth ainount of the former (b) A member selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, p'araform'aldehyd'e and -furfiural 0.6 to 0.95'm0l.
- a water-resin emulsion binder for extrudable fibrous brake lining materials consisting of (a) Phenol 0.754 m'ol.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
Description
United States Patent" r Coy. PtyLLimited, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, a company of New South Wales No Drawing. pplication April 13, 1955 A Serial N0. 501,187
Claims priority, application Australia April 29, 1954 2 Claims. or. 260-293 Brake lining materials or mixtures which may be formed extrusively are well known. They invariably consist in a composition of dough-like consistency composed 'the solvent creates a fire or toxic hazard, it is responsible for slow curing rates due to tenacious retention of the solvent in the composition, the extruded articles shrink while drying out, the solvent is expensive in first cost, some of it is inevitably lost during manufacture, and insofar as it is recoverable for re-use such recovery can be achieved only at considerable expense.
By this invention the foregoing disabilities are remedied by the ability to employ ordinary water as plasticiser. Some of the advantages in using water as plasticiser will be obvious, in that it is clearly extremely inexpensive, it is not worth recovering hence the recovery problem referred to above is eliminated; and, just as clearly, it-is incapable of constituting a fire or toxic risk. Less obvious advantages, revealed by experiment, show that the composition subject hereof requires a very short curing term (compared with that employing a conventional solvent) and moreover drying out of the articles is unaccompanied by appreciable shrinkage.
According to this invention a binder for an extrudable brake lining material of the kind referred to above, consists of an aqueous resin emulsion made from the ingredients (a) to (d) and in the proportion ranges thereof set forth in the following Table A.
Table A Experiment has shown that the proportions of phenol and cashew nut shell liquid, in the extreme, may be (d) Water 100% of cashew nut shell liquid and zero percent of phenol; that is, or the cashew nut shell liquid may be used by itself as the resinifying ingredient and still give a serviceable brake linking material. For preference, however, both of these ingredients are used with neither being present in any smaller proportion than one-quarter the amount of the other.
The phenol employed may comprise, in addition or instead of ordinary phenol, substituted phenols, cresols, xylenols, or mixtures of any two or more thereof in any proportions.
Paterlted Sept. 23, 1958 The-cashew nut shell liquid may be raw or it may be thickened, by use of dehydrating agents, in known manner. For preference, however, the raw liquid is first heattrcated in known manner; for example, by preheating to 250300 F. and sending it through a counter 7 water is included due to the use of formalin or other aqueous solution, the amount of water to constitute ingredient (d) above is correspondingly adjusted.
The alkaline catalyst is caustic soda or other well known resin catalyst such as caustic potash for example. The catalyst may be previously dissolved in the water of ingredient (d).
The ingredients (a) to (d) are simply mixed together, for example, in a slow speed stirrer with, for preference, a trace. of a common anti-foaming agent such as that known as D. C. 200 Fluid. The mixed ingredients are thenheated to the boiling point of the mixture (about 207 F.) and refluxed in a vessel fitted with a stirrer and a reflux condenser open to atmosphere which prevents loss of water during refluxing. The refluxing is carried out at the mentioned boiling temperature and at atmospheric pressure until the desired viscosity of the mixture is reached. The reflux time will depend on the relative proportions of the resinifying material ingredients.
For example, with a high cashew nut shell liquid content the refluxing time may be only a few minutes, where- Table B (a) Phenol 0.7541h01. ('b1)i'Hieiat treated cashew nut shell qu 0.246mo1. (c) Formalln 0.85 mol. (d) Caustic soda 1% of the combined weight of mgre weight of ingredients (a) and (b).
(a) Water Although the dominant ingredients of a brake lining material are a fibrous material and a binder as discussed above, usual friction dusts and colouring agents may be added in accordance with known practice. Typical examples of mineral fillers for inclusion in the mix are barytes, magnesium oxide, manganese dioxide, and there are many others. Any selected proportion of a thermosetting resin powder may also be added in accordance with current practice.
The fibrous material is preferably chrysotile asbestos fibre treated by usual methods of crushing and blowing to open the fibre bundles and thus facilitate mixing. The asbestos is preferably dried before incorporation with the other ingredients.
The lining material composition also includes a curing in such proportion of the agent as will approximately.
exhaust the combining potential of the resin.
The lining material ingredients, other than the binder emulsion, are first mixed together dry; if necessary, the ingredients are ground together in a hammer mill or the like before blending with the asbestos.
The mixed dry materials are then mixed with the binder resin emulsion, for example in a dough mixer type of machine. The finally mixed material is then extruded as brake lining strip which is cut to lining lengths and cured in usual manner, for example by placement in a. curing oven at 400 F. for about'two hours.
Two typical examples of brake lining mixtures using a binderresin emulsion according hereto are as setforth in the following tables C and D.
Table C Parts by weight Asbestos fibre -a----' 51.0 Friction dust 10.0 Mineral fillers are-lndhfifihfin-.. 13.
Hexamine .-.-'-'-a-- 1.5 Binder emulsion according to Table B hereof 4...... 34.25
The binder emulsion is equivalent to 24.0 parts by Weight of anhydrous resin and the water in the mixture will constitute approximately 9.3% or the weight of the mixture.
Table -D Parts -by weight Asbestos fibre -eas e -t a. a 58.2 Mineral fillers e 15.0 Coloring agent 1.0 Hexamine 1.4 Dry powdered thermosetting resin 6.4 Binder emulsion according to Table B hereof 25.5
The binder emulsion is equivalent to 18.0 parts by liqui (b) Formaldehydm weight of anhydrous resin and the water in the mixture will constitute approximately 7% of the weight of the mixture.
Although in the foregoing description, and in the following claims, reference is made to cashew nut shell liquid as being included in molecular proportions, it is not certain whether this ingredient can be assigned molecular weight. However, the proportions of cashew nut-shell liquid are not closely critical, and from experi ment, we have found that if it be assumed to have a molecular weight-of about 288, the purposes aOf the-invention will be served.
I claim:
1. A water-resin emulsion binder for extrudable, fibrous brake lining materials consisting of (a) A henol and cashew "nutshell liquid mixture wherein the latter is at least one-quarterth ainount of the former (b) A member selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, p'araform'aldehyd'e and -furfiural 0.6 to 0.95'm0l.
1 mol.
(c an alkaline catai stmflfluu. From 0.75% to 1.25%
of the weight of (a). (d) Wate'r n From 2% to 10% of the Weight of (a).
2. A water-resin emulsion binder for extrudable fibrous brake lining materials consisting of (a) Phenol 0.754 m'ol.
(b) Heat treated cashew nut shell 1% of the combined weight of (a) and (e) Wat-eardrumHunt.-- 5 (it the combined rzrbedght of (a) and ('11.) Caustic soda References Cited in the-file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1 2,215,596 Seebach e Sept. 24, 1940 2,385,374 Rhodes Sept. 25, 1945 2,499,365 De Groote Mar. 7, 1950 2,534,607 Laher et al. Dec. 19, 1950' Cofek Feb. 19, 1952
Claims (1)
1. A WATER-RESIN EMULSION BINDER FOR EXTRUDABLE, FIBROUS BRAKE LINING MATERIALS CONSISTING OF
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU1079829X | 1954-04-29 | ||
| AU776490X | 1954-04-29 | ||
| AU2853460X | 1954-04-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2853460A true US2853460A (en) | 1958-09-23 |
Family
ID=31981691
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US501187A Expired - Lifetime US2853460A (en) | 1954-04-29 | 1955-04-13 | Binding agent for extrudable brake lining material |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2853460A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB776490A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3207717A (en) * | 1959-12-21 | 1965-09-21 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Thermoset copolymers |
| US4096108A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1978-06-20 | The Dow Chemical Company | Thermosettable resins and frictional materials made therefrom |
| US6132549A (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 2000-10-17 | Borden Chemical, Inc. | Wood-product laminated composites |
| CN103470666A (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2013-12-25 | 安徽省中力车辆制动系统制造有限公司 | Clean composite ceramic fiber brake pad |
| CN103267076B (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2015-10-14 | 江西元邦摩擦材料有限责任公司 | A kind of Nanocomposites modified resin base vehicle brake-holder block |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2078617A (en) * | 1934-02-08 | 1937-04-27 | American Brakeblok Corp | Friction element and bond therefor |
| US2215596A (en) * | 1935-01-24 | 1940-09-24 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Process of preparing resinous compositions |
| US2385374A (en) * | 1942-12-03 | 1945-09-25 | Pennsylvania Coal Products Com | Aqueous bonding composition |
| US2499365A (en) * | 1947-03-07 | 1950-03-07 | Petrolite Corp | Chemical manufacture |
| US2534607A (en) * | 1948-07-01 | 1950-12-19 | Lasco Brake Products Corp | Molded brake lining |
| US2586150A (en) * | 1948-12-31 | 1952-02-19 | Raybestos Manhattan Inc | Friction material and method of making same |
-
1955
- 1955-04-13 US US501187A patent/US2853460A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1955-04-14 GB GB10768/55A patent/GB776490A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2078617A (en) * | 1934-02-08 | 1937-04-27 | American Brakeblok Corp | Friction element and bond therefor |
| US2215596A (en) * | 1935-01-24 | 1940-09-24 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Process of preparing resinous compositions |
| US2385374A (en) * | 1942-12-03 | 1945-09-25 | Pennsylvania Coal Products Com | Aqueous bonding composition |
| US2499365A (en) * | 1947-03-07 | 1950-03-07 | Petrolite Corp | Chemical manufacture |
| US2534607A (en) * | 1948-07-01 | 1950-12-19 | Lasco Brake Products Corp | Molded brake lining |
| US2586150A (en) * | 1948-12-31 | 1952-02-19 | Raybestos Manhattan Inc | Friction material and method of making same |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3207717A (en) * | 1959-12-21 | 1965-09-21 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Thermoset copolymers |
| US4096108A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1978-06-20 | The Dow Chemical Company | Thermosettable resins and frictional materials made therefrom |
| US6132549A (en) * | 1997-02-27 | 2000-10-17 | Borden Chemical, Inc. | Wood-product laminated composites |
| CN103267076B (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2015-10-14 | 江西元邦摩擦材料有限责任公司 | A kind of Nanocomposites modified resin base vehicle brake-holder block |
| CN103470666A (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2013-12-25 | 安徽省中力车辆制动系统制造有限公司 | Clean composite ceramic fiber brake pad |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB776490A (en) | 1957-06-05 |
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