US2852454A - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils - Google Patents

Treatment of hydrocarbon oils Download PDF

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Publication number
US2852454A
US2852454A US598855A US59885556A US2852454A US 2852454 A US2852454 A US 2852454A US 598855 A US598855 A US 598855A US 59885556 A US59885556 A US 59885556A US 2852454 A US2852454 A US 2852454A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
oil
sodium
solder alloy
calcium
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US598855A
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English (en)
Inventor
Puddington Ira Edwin
Sirianni Aurelio Frederick
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National Research Council of Canada
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National Research Council of Canada
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE559328D priority Critical patent/BE559328A/xx
Priority to NL97026D priority patent/NL97026C/xx
Priority to DENDAT1071261D priority patent/DE1071261B/de
Application filed by National Research Council of Canada filed Critical National Research Council of Canada
Priority to US598855A priority patent/US2852454A/en
Priority to GB21775/57A priority patent/GB833806A/en
Priority to FR1179123D priority patent/FR1179123A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2852454A publication Critical patent/US2852454A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G29/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
    • C10G29/02—Non-metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G29/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
    • C10G29/04—Metals, or metals deposited on a carrier
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
    • C10M175/0016—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning with the use of chemical agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
    • C10M175/0091—Treatment of oils in a continuous lubricating circuit (e.g. motor oil system)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N39/00—Arrangements for conditioning of lubricants in the lubricating system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
    • H01B3/22—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils hydrocarbons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and apparatus for the continual treatment of hydrocarbon oils, such as lubricating oils, transformer oils, fuel oils and heat transfer oils, in order to reduce or prevent deterioration of such oils during use.
  • hydrocarbon oils such as lubricating oils, transformer oils, fuel oils and heat transfer oils
  • Hydrocarbon oils of the type mentioned tend continually to deteriorate and this results in discoloration and sludge formation, as well as in the formation of acid reacting products. Such deterioration is evidently caused by oxidation reactions and also by thermal decomposition.
  • the weight of the research into the causes of deterioration of these oils indicates that the main cause is oxidation and that thermal decomposition, at least at normal engine lubricating temperatures, is a comparatively minor contributory factor.
  • the results of the deterioration of hydrocarbon oils are well known, especially by motorists who find it necessary, as a consequence, to effect periodic oil changes with the attendant extra trouble and expense.
  • research has indicated that engine deterioration and wear are traceable to the deterioration of the lubrieating oils during use.
  • the tendency of hydrocarbon oils to deteriorate is a continual one and consequently a continuous process is required to combat it.
  • the oil is given some treatment to effect the desired improvement and thereafter the oil is considered as so improved and in need of no repetition of the treatment.
  • oils are treated to remove wax and asphalt but, once these substances are removed, no repetition of treatment is necessary as there will be no further formation or addition of such substances to warrant further treatment.
  • the treatment will usually consist of a continuous proeessn'n which the untreated oil is passed through the treating apparatus in a continuous stream and then removed to 'be employed as required.
  • a continual treatment *of substantially the same batch of oil is effected so that its tendency to deteriorate is continually combatted so as to prevent discoloration and sludge formation from taking place, as well as to prevent such oil from assuming an acid reaction.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to oils while in use and therefore particularly subjectto deterioration.
  • An application of the invention which has been found particularly effective is to oil circulating in the oil lubricating circuit of an internal combustion engine.
  • the continual treatment according to the invention can, for example, be carried out by positioning the sodium-solder alloy and calcium containing element in the circuit so that the circulating oil will continually contact :the sodium-solder alloy and calcium surfaces.
  • the element according to the invention is placed in the oil circuit in such a manner that it can readily be changed.
  • the element can be secured to .a supporting member which is capable of being in or adjacent to the oil circuit so that the sodium-solder alloy and calcium surfaces will contact the oil in the circuit.
  • the element according to the invention may be incorporated in a filter inserted in the oil circuit.
  • the sodium-solder alloy and calcium employed in the element according to the invention are not in particulate form but rather in the form of a solid mass so as to prevent particles of the treating materials from being entrained by the oil leaving the treating zone. It was found that in use an occasional-small particle may come away from the solid mass of treating metals but this can be tolerated.
  • oil may be continually pumped or otherwise recycled from the storage tank to a small treating chamber containing the treating element and then back to the tank. More advantageously, however, the treatment may take place in the tank itself.
  • a number of the treating elements may be suspended in the oil to form a number of treating zones, and the oil may be recycled through sfich zones either by natural convection currents, if these are -sufficient, or by positive means for producing recycling currents.
  • the means of recycling is clearly immaterial provided that recycling is actually achieved.
  • the quantity of calcium combined in electrical contact with the sodium-solder alloy in the element according to the invention can vary within wide limits but preferably for practical reasons is chosen to be in such a quantity that in use its consumption parallels that of the sodiumsolder alloy so that both the sodium-solder alloy and the calcium of the element have approximately the same life so that upon exhaustion of the element no excess of either the sodium-solder alloy or of the calcium remains.
  • proportions are equally effective as long as some of both the sodium-solder alloy and calcium remain to provide the novel combination according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plug adapted to be aflixed in an oil container or circuit with its inner end in contact with the oil in the container or circuit and Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of such a plug when employed as the drain plug for the crankcase of an internal combustion engine.
  • the plug according to the invention is composed of a threaded head 1 which carries a narrower threaded extension 2 which can be of steel. Elements 3 and 4, respectively, composed of a sodiumsolder alloy and calcium, are carried by threaded extension 2 which not only serves to hold such elements but also serves to ensure maintenance of the electrical contact between such elements when in use as in use the elements are consumed by erosion of the surfaces.
  • a crankcase drain plug when such plug is used as a crankcase drain plug, it serves to close the drain opening in crankcase 5 of an internal combustion engine and in such position the inner end carrying elements 3 and 4 are maintained in continuous contact with the lubricating oil 6 circulating through the crankcase.
  • the treating elements according to the invention have an unexpectedly long life so that practically sized ele ments will remain effective for over a year when placed in the oil circuit of an internal combustion automobile engine.
  • Their use not only efiectively reduces sludging and discoloration of lubricating oil or other hydrocarbon oils subject to deterioration during use or storage, but also efiectively prevents such oils from acquiring an acid reaction.
  • the latter is most important in lubricating oils for internal combustion engines and use of the elements according to the invention so as to maintain the sodiumsolder alloy and calcium continuously in contact with the lubricating oil will reduce engine wear and therefore considerably extend the time before the engine will start .using oil and furthermore almost obviate the necessity of efiecting oil changes.
  • treating elements according to the invention have also been found useful when maintained in contact with hydrocarbon transformer oils, hydrocarbon fuel oils and hydrocarbon heat transfer oils.
  • the efiectiveness of the combination of the sodiumsolder alloy and calcium combination according to the invention is illustrated in the following examples which give the results of laboratory tests carried out under conditions where the oils involved are normally subject to rapid deterioration.
  • results obtained with applicants combination of a sodium-solder alloy prepared by melting together 10% by weight of sodium with 90% by weight of a 50-50 Pb-Sn solder
  • results obtained with sodium-solder alloy and calcium separately and various controls are compared with results obtained with sodium-solder alloy and calcium separately and various controls.
  • the 50 grams of various oils were heated to the temperatures indicated in an open 100 cc. Pyrex beaker in contact with the additions indicated.
  • the quantity of sodium-solder alloy addition was about 1-1.5 grams, and the quantity of calcium was 0.1-0.2 gram.
  • the copper was in the form of a 50 mil copper wire 3.5 inches long and the iron was in the form of a 45 mil iron wire 5.5 inches long.
  • the condition of the various oils was assessed by pH measurements. The pH determinations were made by taking 2 grams of the oil, admixing it with 10 cc. of neutral 50-50 benzene isopropyl alcohol mixture and determining the pH electrometrically.
  • Example 1 In this test 50 grams of S. A. E.20 naphthenic lubricating oil containing no additives were used which originally exhibited a pH of 7.48. The heating was for 70 hours at 145 C. with the beakers left in an oven.
  • Example 2 In this test 50 grams of a lightly refined hydrocarbon oil, sometimes used in heat transfer work, which originally exhibited a pH of 7.03 was used. The heating was for 68 hours at C.
  • Example 3 In this test a highly refined paraffinic oil S. A. E. 20 having an original pH of 8.50 was heated for 46 hours at C.
  • Example 7 In this test a commercial parafiinic Pennsylvania type lubricating oil S. A. E. 20 exhibiting a pH of 8.14 was heated for 133 hours at 127 C.
  • Example 8 In this test a naphthenic oil used for making lubricating greases having an original pH of 9.16 was heated for 133 hours at 130 C.
  • Example 9 In this test a heavy duty motor oil for A. P. I. services MM MS and DG S. A. E. 20 having an original pH of 8.49 was heated for 88 hours at 127 C.
  • a method for the continual treatment of a hydrocarbon oil to combat its continual tendency to deterioration which comprises continually recycling said oil through a treating zone in contact with fixed solid calcium and in contact with a fixed solid sodium-Pb-Sn solder alloy containing 2-15% by weight of sodium, said Pb-Sn solder containing 5-95% of lead and the remainder tin said calcium and sodium-Pb-Sn solder alloy being maintained in electrical contact in said treating zone.
  • a method for the continual treatment of a hydrocarbon oil to combat its continual tendency to deterioration which comprises continually recycling said oil through a treating zone in contact with fixed solid calcium and in contact with a fixed solid sodium-Pb-Sn solder alloy containing 510% by weight of sodium, said Pb-Sn solder containing 595% of lead and the remaindertin, said calcium and sodium-Pb-Sn solder alloy being maintained in electrical contact in said treating zone.
  • a method for the continual treatment of a hydro-' carbon lubricating oil circulating in a lubricating oil circuit of an internal combustion engine, to combat the continual tendency of said oil to deteriorate which comprises continually passing the oil in said circuit through a treating zone in contact with fixed solid calcium and in contact with a fixed solid sodium-Pb-Sn solder alloy containing 2-15% by weight of sodium, said Pb-Sn solder containing 5-95 of lead and the remainder tin during operation of said engine said calcium and sodium-Pb-Sn solder alloy being maintained in electrical contact in said treating zone.
  • a method for the continual treatment of a hydrocarbon lubricating oil circulating in a lubricating oil circuit of an internal combustion engine, to combat the continual tendency of said oil to deteriorate which comprises continually passing the oil in said circiut through a treating zone in contact with fixed solid calcium and in contact with a fixed solid sodium-Pb-Sn solder alloy containing 510% by weight of sodium, said Pb-Sn solder containing 5-95% of lead and the remainder tin during operation of said engine said calcium and sodium- Pb-Sn solder alloy being maintained in electrical contact in said treating zone.
  • a method for the continual treatment of a hydrocarbon lubricating oil circulating in the lubricating oil circuit of an internal combustion engine, to combat the continual tendency of said oil to deteriorate which comprises continually passing the oil in said circuit through a treating zone in contact with calcium and a sodium- Pb-Sn solder alloy containing 2-15% by weight of sodium, said Pb-Sn solder containing 5-95% of lead and the remainder tin in a fixed element comprising the calcium maintained in electrical contact with the sodium- Pb-Sn solder alloy during operation of said engine.
  • a method for the continual treatment of a hydrocarbon lubricating oil circulating in the lubricating oil circuit of an internal combustion engine, to combat the continual tendency of said oil to deteriorate which comprises continually passing the oil in said circuit through a treating zone in contact with calcium and a sodium-Pb- Sn solder alloy containing 5-10% by weight of sodium,
  • said Pb-Sn solder containing 5-9S% of lead and the remainder tin in a fixed element comprising the calcium maintained in electrical contact with the sodium-Pb-Sn solder alloy during operation of said engine.
  • An element for the treatment of hydrocarbon oil to lessen its tendency for deterioration comprising a supporting member carrying exposed calcium in electrical contact with an exposed sodium-Pb-Sn solder alloy containing 2-15 by weight of sodium, said Pb-Sn solder containing 595% of lead and the remainder tin, said supporting member being adapted to be positioned in an oil container with said calcium and sodium-Pb-Sn solder alloy in contact with the oil.
  • a crankcase drain plug carrying on its inner end a combination of exposed calcium in electrical contact with an exposed sodium-Pb-Sn solder alloy containing 2-15% by weight of sodium, said Pb-Sn solder containing 5-95 of lead and the remainder tin.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
US598855A 1956-07-19 1956-07-19 Treatment of hydrocarbon oils Expired - Lifetime US2852454A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE559328D BE559328A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1956-07-19
NL97026D NL97026C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1956-07-19
DENDAT1071261D DE1071261B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1956-07-19
US598855A US2852454A (en) 1956-07-19 1956-07-19 Treatment of hydrocarbon oils
GB21775/57A GB833806A (en) 1956-07-19 1957-07-09 Treatment of hydrocarbon oils
FR1179123D FR1179123A (fr) 1956-07-19 1957-07-18 Procédé continu de protection des huiles hydrocarbonées contre leur transformation spontanée ou

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US598855A US2852454A (en) 1956-07-19 1956-07-19 Treatment of hydrocarbon oils

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US2852454A true US2852454A (en) 1958-09-16

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US598855A Expired - Lifetime US2852454A (en) 1956-07-19 1956-07-19 Treatment of hydrocarbon oils

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US (1) US2852454A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE559328A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1071261B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1179123A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB833806A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL97026C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3109805A (en) * 1958-06-30 1963-11-05 Puddington Ira Edwin Method and apparatus for the treatment of hydrocarbon oils
US3154488A (en) * 1960-11-04 1964-10-27 Tokyo Giken Kabushiki Kaisha Device for regenerating oxidized mineral oils
DE1268769B (de) * 1960-08-23 1968-05-22 Kiichiro Sarui Entsaeuerung von mineralischen Schmieroelen
US3489676A (en) * 1967-09-05 1970-01-13 Exxon Research Engineering Co Novel oil treatment and lubricating oil filters for internal combustion engines
DE1962141A1 (de) * 1968-12-16 1970-07-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Schmieroelsystem und hierfuer geeignetes OElfilter
EP3502218A1 (en) * 2017-12-22 2019-06-26 United Technologies Corporation Radical-neutralizing coating for a lubricant system
US10451211B2 (en) 2015-10-19 2019-10-22 United Technologies Corporation Radical-neutralizing coating for a lubricant system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2624239A1 (de) * 1976-05-29 1977-12-15 Reinhausen Maschf Scheubeck Vorrichtung zur aufbereitung des isolieroeles von hochspannungsgeraeten

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US856361A (en) * 1906-05-25 1907-06-11 Gustave L Neiburg Apparatus for electrochemically and mechanically purifying liquids.
US1865235A (en) * 1926-06-28 1932-06-28 Cross Dev Corp Treating process for hydrocarbon oils
US1939839A (en) * 1929-08-10 1933-12-19 Shell Dev Refining of mineral oils by means of alloys or loosely bound compounds of alkali metals
US2011556A (en) * 1933-10-17 1935-08-13 Ritter Charles P Process for preventing gum formation in cracked gasoline

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US856361A (en) * 1906-05-25 1907-06-11 Gustave L Neiburg Apparatus for electrochemically and mechanically purifying liquids.
US1865235A (en) * 1926-06-28 1932-06-28 Cross Dev Corp Treating process for hydrocarbon oils
US1939839A (en) * 1929-08-10 1933-12-19 Shell Dev Refining of mineral oils by means of alloys or loosely bound compounds of alkali metals
US2011556A (en) * 1933-10-17 1935-08-13 Ritter Charles P Process for preventing gum formation in cracked gasoline

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3109805A (en) * 1958-06-30 1963-11-05 Puddington Ira Edwin Method and apparatus for the treatment of hydrocarbon oils
DE1268769B (de) * 1960-08-23 1968-05-22 Kiichiro Sarui Entsaeuerung von mineralischen Schmieroelen
US3154488A (en) * 1960-11-04 1964-10-27 Tokyo Giken Kabushiki Kaisha Device for regenerating oxidized mineral oils
US3489676A (en) * 1967-09-05 1970-01-13 Exxon Research Engineering Co Novel oil treatment and lubricating oil filters for internal combustion engines
DE1962141A1 (de) * 1968-12-16 1970-07-23 Exxon Research Engineering Co Schmieroelsystem und hierfuer geeignetes OElfilter
US10451211B2 (en) 2015-10-19 2019-10-22 United Technologies Corporation Radical-neutralizing coating for a lubricant system
EP3502218A1 (en) * 2017-12-22 2019-06-26 United Technologies Corporation Radical-neutralizing coating for a lubricant system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE559328A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE1071261B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR1179123A (fr) 1959-05-21
NL97026C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB833806A (en) 1960-04-27

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