US2850952A - Calender stack with individually supported rolls - Google Patents

Calender stack with individually supported rolls Download PDF

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Publication number
US2850952A
US2850952A US571310A US57131056A US2850952A US 2850952 A US2850952 A US 2850952A US 571310 A US571310 A US 571310A US 57131056 A US57131056 A US 57131056A US 2850952 A US2850952 A US 2850952A
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United States
Prior art keywords
roll
calender
rolls
bearings
stack
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Expired - Lifetime
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US571310A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hornbostel Lloyd
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Beloit Iron Works Inc
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Beloit Iron Works Inc
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Priority to US571310A priority Critical patent/US2850952A/en
Priority to FI570437A priority patent/FI42037C/fi
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2850952A publication Critical patent/US2850952A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/002—Opening or closing mechanisms; Regulating the pressure

Definitions

  • the instant invention relates to the portion of the paper machine known as the calender or calender stack, and more particularly, to an improved multi-nip calender.
  • the invention may have utility in other fields involving the pressing, smoothing, ironing or the like treatment of a strip of flexible material, a specific preferred use is in the paper machine calender.
  • the operation of the calender in paper machines is well known and understood in the art.
  • the purpose of the calender stack is to compact the paper to some extent and give it a fine smooth finish. This effect is obtained on both sides of the paper by the use of friction and pressure.
  • the calender stack comprises a plurality of upright or vertically aligned calender rolls.
  • the lowest or bottom roll of the stack is driven mechanically and it, in turn, drives the roll immediately thereabove, and so on, by friction. There is a certain amount of slip between these rolls and the result is that a substantial amount of friction acts on the paper as it passes through each of the calender nips.
  • the calender rolls are made of fine grained cast iron that is susceptible of a high polish, in order to give a fine finish; and it is important that these rolls be made of chilled iron.
  • the paper web is directed first to the top roll of the stack and it passes either over the top roll and through the top nip or directly through the top nip from which it follows the next roll down to the next nip and is transferred there onto the surface of the third roll, and so on, until the web passes through the bottom nip between the bottom or king roll and the roll immediately thereabove.
  • eflicient calendering of paper requires a relatively large number of nip treatments at relatively low pressures or at pressures at least sufliciently low to prevent crushing of the paper while ironing it smooth.
  • the rolls are so mounted in the ordinary calender that the entire weight of each roll rests on the roll therebelow. This is accomplished by mounting the roll so as to permit limited vertical movement.
  • the full weight of a plurality of heavy rollers is thus applied to the paper web passing through the bottom nip in the stack; and the bottom or king roll is usually formed with a slight crown or enlarged cross-sectional area at the middle thereof in order to compensate for the deflection of the king roll downwardly which is brought about by the application of the weight of the rolls thereabove to the king roll.
  • the king roll is provided with fixed bearings at opposite ends thereof and when a substantial load is applied across the top of the roll, there is a tendency for the middle portion of the roll to be deflected downwardly (from the normal generally horizontal axis of the roll). For this reason, it is the general practice to have a crown of perhaps 0.01 to 0.02 inch formed in the center of the roll to compensate for the deflection. Actually, the crown may be formed so that the deflection of a given load is such as to create a substantially horizontal upper uip-defining surface for the United States Patent Patented Sept. 9, 1958 roll, or the crown may be slightly greater so as to provide somewhat greater pressures at the central portion of the nip than at the edges thereof. In any event, a particular type of paper in the ordinary calender requires a specific type of crown for a specific number of calender rolls in the stack (or for a specific weight of calender rolls in the stack).
  • each of the bearings which support the ends of each of the calender rolls above the king roll have appreciable weight.
  • each of the bearings may weigh approximately 1000 pounds, while the roll itself may weigh approximately 10,000 pounds.
  • the diameter of the king roll may be about 40 inches and the diameter of each of the rolls stacked thereabove may be about 18 inches. All of the rolls have an axial dimension that is the width of the paper machine which in modern-day machines may be as much as 20 to 25 feet.
  • each roll Since the rolls are supported through the bearings at the extremities thereof there is, of course, a tendency for each roll to be deflected downwardly slightly at the cen-' tral portion thereof by virtue of the weight of the roll.- As will be appreciated, if the king roll has a slight crown in its normal configuration, a slight downward deflection of the kind roll in the middle portion thereof (in order to support the weight of all of the rolls stacked thereon) may result in a substantially horizontal nip-defining top surface for the king roll. This is so if there is a precise correlation between (1) the contour of the crown, (2) the number of stacked calender rolls (or the weight thereof), and (3) the particular web being processed in the calender.
  • calenders are preferably adapted for a number of different operations, which operations cannot be varied without careful variation of the factors just mentioned so as to obtain the proper correlation therebetween.
  • weight of the bearings, or the weight which the bearings apply to the extremities of each calender roll is a fourth factor which materially affects the operation of the calender stack.
  • the instant invention resides in a unique structural concept which permits a great deal of flexibility in operation in a given calender stack and which permits unique control of the load forces and the distribution thereof across the calender. This is accomplished by providing individual load relieving means for each bearing, with such load relieving means supported independently on a frame or similar structure member, rather than being supported by the bearing immediately therebeneath or being carried by the roll itself. It is further important to note that each bearing is so supported and not merely the bearings of perhaps a single intermediate roll in the stack as well as the king roll.
  • Another important object of the instant invention is to provide an improved multi-nip calender comprising a stack of calender rolls mounted-in a calender frame and supported by bearings at opposite ends thereof, which in turn are independently supported by the frame.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration showing a stack pf rolls and illustrating in exaggerated form the manner .3 in which such rolls may be deflected during improper correlation between the essential controlfactorsjn a calender stack of the prior art;
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic illustration similar to Figure 1,; but showing how-the rollsmaybe-positioned with properrdefiectionusing the principles of the instant inve on;
  • FIG. 3- isa viewcomparable -to Figure 2 showing another arrangement of the rolls which maybe accomplished using the principles of the instant invention
  • Figure 4 is a fragmentary top plan view of a bearing mounting employed in thewpractice of the instant invention.
  • Figure 5 is aside elevational view of a calenderstack embodying the instant invention.
  • a bottom portion of a calender stack comprising a king roll 11 at the. bottom mounted on suitable bearings 12 and 13 which are in turn firmly secured to a fixed mounting such as a floor F.
  • a calender roll 14 which, in turn, is mounted for rotation in bearings 15 and 16.
  • a calender roll 17 which, in turn, is mounted for rotation on bearings 18 and 19 mounted at the extremities thereof.
  • the bearings 12,. 15 and 18 are mounted with one immediately above the other; and on the other side of thestack. the bearings 13,16 and 19 are similarly mounted.
  • the axis x-11 for the roll 11 is deflectednownwardly below a horizontal or center line 0-11 at therniddle of the roll 11 and this is caused by the load applied to the roll 11 by the weight of the rolls 14 and 17 (and any rolls thereabove).
  • the central portion of the top surface of theroll 11 is still crowned so as to extend a distance R-ll above the outer extremities of the roll '11, and the bottom surface of the roll 11 is downwardly bowed still a greater distance D-11.
  • the amount of operating crown R-11 depends upon the mount of original crown formed in the roll 11 plus the total weight of the calender stack of rolls 14, 17, etc. mounted thereabove. As will be appreciated, if it is desired to operate a calenderwith substantially no operating crown (R-ll) in the king roll 11, the initial crown in the king roll 11 and the total weight of calender rolls 14, 17, etc. are correlated so as to obtain substantially no operating crown. If, however, it then becomes desirable to make a change in theoperation of'the prior art calender by using less calender rolls in the stack, then a greater operating crown R-11 will'- be obtained. This may possibly result in an undesirable pressure distribution at-the-portion of the web W passing through the nip N-l.
  • the bearings 15 and 16 apply an extra load at the opposite edges of the Web W passing through the nip -N-11 (if these bearings are mounted for limited vertical movement). This may also be undesirable because it will result in excessive pressures at the outer edges of the web W. In either case an undesirable distribution of load forces at -the nip N-l may be obtained.
  • substitution of a different king roll for the king roll 11, with a different crown it may be possible to avoid some of the non-uniform distribution, but this is anexpensive procedure. Also,--this procedurewill not necessarily relieve the excessiveweight that is applied to the opposite edges of the web W because of the bearings 15 and 16.
  • the bearings 15 and 16 are supported, as for example on the bearings 12 and 13, then the relative positionsof the bearings will be fixed and this must bechanged each time any change in operating conditions is involved (such as changes in the web itself), which is also an undesirable arrangement. Also, if all of the movable bearings, such as the bearings 15 and 18 are connected on one side of the calender 10, the amount of 4 bearing weight applied at the opposite extremities of the roll 14 is that much greater.
  • the king roll 11 is crowned slightly so that a definite operating crown 11-11 results when an entire load of a predetermined number of calender rolls 14, 17, etc. is applied. This then results in a slight upward bending of the middle of the immediately adjacent roll 14.
  • the weight ofthe bearings 15 and 16 is, of course, applied primarily. along the opposite edges of the web W at the nip N 1,, but the forces resisting upward bending of the middle of the roll 14 apply a compensating load to the middle of the web, so that with careful correlation between bearing weight, total calender stack weight,. and .;crown it .is possible to obtain substantially uniform pressuresracross the full width of the nip N4. Any change in operating conditions, such as the change in the number of rolls in the stack, will obviously disrupt this delicate balance; other than becomes necessary to employ av different. crown .tor the, king roll 11.
  • resilientmeans indicated diagrammatically at 20a and 21a are provided to urge the bearings 15a and 16aupwardly.
  • the weight of the bearings 15a and 16a is varied'so as to adjust to the crown R-lla and thus result in uniform nip pressures throughout the full width of the web W11.
  • Resilient means 22a and 23a are, likewise, provided for the bearings 18a and 190, respectively.
  • the instant arrangement preferably involves a structure wherein each of the bearings is supported in part (cantileverly) by the roll attached thereto and in part by resilient means urging the roll upwardly.
  • the calender 10d is provided with a main upright frame member 24d, structurally connected to a cross beam 25d to another upright supporting member 26d (shown only partially) the supporting member 26d carries the last drier roll 27d, shown in dotted lines, and the web Wd travels from the drier roll 27d under a guide roll 28d over a guide roll 29d and between the top calender rolls 30d and 31d of the calender 10d.
  • Calender rolls 14d, 17d, and 30d-36d are mounted in superimposed position on the king roll 11d. As indicated, the king roll bearing 13d is fixedly mounted on the supporting floor Fd. For the purposes ofsimplification reference hereinafter is made only to the bearings and associated structure here shown on the right-hand side of the calender 10d, although it will be appreciated that substantially identical structure appears on theiopposite side of the calender 10d.
  • the bearings 16d, 19d. and 37-43, inclusive, for the remaining calender rolls are swingably carried about the pivot pins P, P, etc. each independently mounted on the frame 24d, so that each bearing is freely swingable about its pivot pin P, substantially independently of the other bearings.
  • the overhead lifting links L, L, etc. are provided to permit limited vertical movement of each of the bearings, but for the purpose of lifting all the bearings when such is desired during shut down or repair.
  • each of the bearing mountings is the same and for the bearing 16d there is provided a housing 44d which is fixedly secured to an arm 45d swingable about the pivot P which is fixedly mounted on the upright frame member 24d.
  • the arm member 45d extends between the pivot P and the bearing housing 44d and also has a rearward extension 46d which extends around and behind the frame member 24d.
  • This arm member 46d forms a part of the resilient load relieving means 21d hereinbefore shown diagrammatically.
  • a frame member 47d is fixedly secured to the back of the main upright frame 24d, as by welding, and provides a downwardly facing ledge 48d.
  • the ledge 48d mounts a diaphragm element indicated generally by the reference numeral 49d.
  • the diaphragm 49d is of standard construction, comprising a resilient yieldable diaphragm element 50d peripherally clamped between the ledge 48d and a mating member 51d.
  • the diaphragm member 50d and the ledge 48d define a pressure chamber 52d.
  • a fluid such as air under pressure is controllably fed from a source indicated diagrammatically at S through a control valve V and into the chamber 52d.
  • the rear extremity 53d of the arm member 46d is connected to the movable diaphragm element 50d by a rod 54d clamped to the diaphragm element 50d in the customary manner and adjustably secured to the arm extremity 53d through a lock nut 55d.
  • the diaphragm element 51d in its connection with the arm extremity 53d are standard structures in the art need not be further described herein.
  • movement of the flexible diaphragm element 50d causes vertical movement of the drive rod 54d which in turn moves the arm extremity 53d.
  • Weight of the bearing 16d tends to drive the rod 54d upwardly and the air pressure in the chamber 52d tends to drive the rod 54d downwardly.
  • controlled air pressure in the chamber 52d may be used to relieve a part of the load caused by the weight of the bearing 16d, all of such load, or even more than this load, depending upon the operating conditions desired.
  • the same load relieving structure is employed for each of the roll bearings for the calender rolls mounted above the king roll 11d.
  • Independent control means such as the valve V are also provided for each load relieving device 21d, 23d, etc.
  • a multi-nip calender comprising a calender frame, a stack of calender rolls in the frame including a bottom roll and a plurality of superimposed rolls, separate and independent bearings rotatably carrying the ends of each of said superimposed rolls, and separate and independent means for each of said bearings carried by said frame and urging each of said bearings upwardly.
  • a multi-nip calender comprising a calender frame, a stack of calender rolls in the frame including a bottom roll and a plurality of superimposed rolls, separate and independent bearings rotatably carrying the ends of each of said superimposed rolls and swingably mounted on said frame to permit limited vertical movement of each roll independently of the other rolls, and separate and independent means for each of said bearings carried by said frame and urging each of said bearings upwardly.
  • a multi-nip calender comprising a calender frame, a stack of calender rolls in the frame including a bottom roll and a plurality of superimposed rolls, separate and independent bearings rotatably carrying the ends of each of said superimposed rolls and swingably mounted on said frame to permit limited vertical movement of each roll independently of the other rolls, and separate and independent fluid pressure responsive means for each of said bearings carried by said frame and urging each of said bearings upwardly.
  • a multi-nip calender comprising a calender frame, a stack of calender rolls in the frame including a bottom roll and a plurality of superimposed rolls, independent mounting and driving means for said bottom roll, independent mounting means for each of said superimposed rolls rotatably supporting the ends thereof, independent means carried by said frame connected to each of said mounting means for adjusting the posit-ion of each roll relative to the rolls immediately above and below, and fluid pressure means actuating said adjusting means independently of each other.
  • a multi-nip calender comprising a calender frame, a stack of calender rolls in the frame including a bottom roll and a plurality of superimposed rolls, separate and independent bearings rotatably carrying the ends of each of said superimposed rolls, and individual arm connected to each of said bearings and pivotally connected to said frame, and separate and independent means for each of said arms carried by said frame and urging each of said bearings upwardly.

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US571310A 1956-03-13 1956-03-13 Calender stack with individually supported rolls Expired - Lifetime US2850952A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US571310A US2850952A (en) 1956-03-13 1956-03-13 Calender stack with individually supported rolls
FI570437A FI42037C (fi) 1956-03-13 1957-03-13 Kiillotuskalanteri

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US571310A US2850952A (en) 1956-03-13 1956-03-13 Calender stack with individually supported rolls

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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2971457A (en) * 1958-08-13 1961-02-14 Farrel Birmingham Co Inc Calenders
US2985100A (en) * 1958-01-29 1961-05-23 Beloit Iron Works Calender stack
US3082685A (en) * 1961-03-08 1963-03-26 Beloit Iron Works Roll deflection
US3085503A (en) * 1960-11-16 1963-04-16 Black Clawson Co Paper machinery
US3155029A (en) * 1962-11-22 1964-11-03 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Calenders
US3157110A (en) * 1962-12-13 1964-11-17 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Calender
US3158088A (en) * 1963-07-11 1964-11-24 Beloit Corp Calender nip control device
US3168435A (en) * 1960-11-25 1965-02-02 Beloit Corp Method and means for mounting, driving and supporting rolls for endless moving bands
US3171305A (en) * 1961-05-03 1965-03-02 United Eng Foundry Co Rolling mill
US3176608A (en) * 1963-07-24 1965-04-06 Farrel Corp Calender
US3183826A (en) * 1963-07-11 1965-05-18 Beloit Corp Calender stack
US3199442A (en) * 1961-04-19 1965-08-10 Shin Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kk Vibration preventing devices for roll stacks
US3204552A (en) * 1963-08-23 1965-09-07 Beloit Corp Calender loading mechanism
US3230867A (en) * 1961-12-04 1966-01-25 Benjamin J H Nelson Paper finishing mechanism
US3270664A (en) * 1964-06-22 1966-09-06 Beloit Corp Calender stack
US3373681A (en) * 1964-10-16 1968-03-19 Joseph Eck & Sohne Calender
US3499957A (en) * 1968-09-11 1970-03-10 Union Carbide Corp Method for producing substantially uniform calendered material
US3554118A (en) * 1968-02-12 1971-01-12 Tampella Oy Ab Relief and raising device arrangement in multinip calender
US3991669A (en) * 1973-01-17 1976-11-16 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Calender presses
FR2346064A1 (fr) * 1976-03-30 1977-10-28 Nars Ab Oy Procede de compensation de la flexion subie par un rouleau de calandre
DE3702245A1 (de) * 1987-01-27 1988-08-04 Kleinewefers Gmbh Kalander
US4798134A (en) * 1987-09-11 1989-01-17 The Mead Corporation Pressure compensated single nip three-roll press
USRE34503E (en) * 1986-03-11 1994-01-11 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Imaging device
US20030235444A1 (en) * 2002-06-21 2003-12-25 Nexpress Solutions Llc Compliant intermediate transfer roller with flexible mount

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1925949A (en) * 1931-05-14 1933-09-05 John Waldron Corp Paper and textile machinery
US1934233A (en) * 1931-01-09 1933-11-07 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Paper calender pressure regulator
US2312726A (en) * 1939-03-01 1943-03-02 Champion Paper & Fibre Co Hydraulic calender
US2364443A (en) * 1940-11-07 1944-12-05 Beloit Iron Works Roll actuating mechanism

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1934233A (en) * 1931-01-09 1933-11-07 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Paper calender pressure regulator
US1925949A (en) * 1931-05-14 1933-09-05 John Waldron Corp Paper and textile machinery
US2312726A (en) * 1939-03-01 1943-03-02 Champion Paper & Fibre Co Hydraulic calender
US2364443A (en) * 1940-11-07 1944-12-05 Beloit Iron Works Roll actuating mechanism

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2985100A (en) * 1958-01-29 1961-05-23 Beloit Iron Works Calender stack
US2971457A (en) * 1958-08-13 1961-02-14 Farrel Birmingham Co Inc Calenders
US3085503A (en) * 1960-11-16 1963-04-16 Black Clawson Co Paper machinery
US3168435A (en) * 1960-11-25 1965-02-02 Beloit Corp Method and means for mounting, driving and supporting rolls for endless moving bands
US3082685A (en) * 1961-03-08 1963-03-26 Beloit Iron Works Roll deflection
US3199442A (en) * 1961-04-19 1965-08-10 Shin Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kk Vibration preventing devices for roll stacks
US3171305A (en) * 1961-05-03 1965-03-02 United Eng Foundry Co Rolling mill
US3230867A (en) * 1961-12-04 1966-01-25 Benjamin J H Nelson Paper finishing mechanism
US3155029A (en) * 1962-11-22 1964-11-03 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Calenders
US3157110A (en) * 1962-12-13 1964-11-17 Dominion Eng Works Ltd Calender
US3158088A (en) * 1963-07-11 1964-11-24 Beloit Corp Calender nip control device
US3183826A (en) * 1963-07-11 1965-05-18 Beloit Corp Calender stack
US3176608A (en) * 1963-07-24 1965-04-06 Farrel Corp Calender
US3204552A (en) * 1963-08-23 1965-09-07 Beloit Corp Calender loading mechanism
US3270664A (en) * 1964-06-22 1966-09-06 Beloit Corp Calender stack
US3373681A (en) * 1964-10-16 1968-03-19 Joseph Eck & Sohne Calender
US3554118A (en) * 1968-02-12 1971-01-12 Tampella Oy Ab Relief and raising device arrangement in multinip calender
US3499957A (en) * 1968-09-11 1970-03-10 Union Carbide Corp Method for producing substantially uniform calendered material
US3991669A (en) * 1973-01-17 1976-11-16 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Calender presses
FR2346064A1 (fr) * 1976-03-30 1977-10-28 Nars Ab Oy Procede de compensation de la flexion subie par un rouleau de calandre
USRE34503E (en) * 1986-03-11 1994-01-11 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Imaging device
DE3702245A1 (de) * 1987-01-27 1988-08-04 Kleinewefers Gmbh Kalander
US4798134A (en) * 1987-09-11 1989-01-17 The Mead Corporation Pressure compensated single nip three-roll press
US20030235444A1 (en) * 2002-06-21 2003-12-25 Nexpress Solutions Llc Compliant intermediate transfer roller with flexible mount
US6735411B2 (en) * 2002-06-21 2004-05-11 Nexpress Solutions Llc Compliant intermediate transfer roller with flexible mount

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI42037C (fi) 1970-04-10
FI42037B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-12-31

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