US2848410A - Apparatus for the electrolytic polishing of limited surface portions of a metallic workpiece - Google Patents

Apparatus for the electrolytic polishing of limited surface portions of a metallic workpiece Download PDF

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Publication number
US2848410A
US2848410A US581509A US58150956A US2848410A US 2848410 A US2848410 A US 2848410A US 581509 A US581509 A US 581509A US 58150956 A US58150956 A US 58150956A US 2848410 A US2848410 A US 2848410A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mouthpiece
electrolyte
handle
workpiece
tank
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US581509A
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English (en)
Inventor
Knuth-Winter Eggert C Flemming
Damgaard Lauritz Gudmund
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
H STRNERS CHEMISKE LABORATORIUM
STRNERS CHEMISKE LAB H
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STRNERS CHEMISKE LAB H
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Publication date
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C25F3/02—Etching
    • C25F3/14—Etching locally
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objects; Servicing or operating

Definitions

  • the principle of electrolytic polishing is that the surface area to be polished is brought into contact with an electrolyte, whereafter a potential difference is created between the workpiece and an electrode in the electrolyte. Moreover, to obtain a uniform polishing it is important that during the electrolytic process there should be a certain flow motion of the electrolyte relative to the surface area to be polished.
  • apparatuses have been used for electrolytic polishing, having a mouthpiece to be applied in contact with the workpiece, and means for conducting an electrolyte to and from the mouthpiece as well as means for creating a potential difference between the electrolyte and the workpiece.
  • the mouthpiece is mounted on a stationary equipment comprising a tank and circulation pump for the electrolyte as well as electrical equipment for creating the potential difference.
  • a stationary equipment comprising a tank and circulation pump for the electrolyte as well as electrical equipment for creating the potential difference.
  • these apparatuses have the drawback that only relatively small workpieces can be polished, because these must be clamped to the mouthpiece. This again means that the apparatuses inquestion are only suitable for the testing of samples of material, e. g. cut out of construction parts in a running production, but ordinarily not for the so called intact testing of the workpieces themselves.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus of the same type as above described, and it is the object ofthe invention to construct an apparatus of this type in such a manner as to obtain the same flexibility of application and the same possibility of intact testing as with the apparatuses last described, while still extending the polish ing to an area of the same order of size as with the apparatuses first described.
  • the mouthpiece is mounted on a handle, which is connected with a source of electrolyte through flexible liquid conduits and is provided with an operating member for cutting off the supply and discharge of electrolyte to and from the mouthpiece.
  • the workpiece must not be clamped to the mouthpiece, but the latter will simply be pressed against the workpiece by means of the handle on which it is mounted. It is therefore possible to polish an existing workpiece at any place thereof without damaging the workpiece, i. e. there is full possibility of intact testing.
  • there exists a two-way circulation path for the electrolyte so that it becomes possible to cause the latter to sweep a relatively great area uniformly within the circumference of the mouth piece, whereby it again becomes possible to produce a considerably greater polished area than with the pipette apparatuses.
  • the correspondingly greater quantity of the electrolytic liquid that must be caused to flow in the mouth piece is returned through a return conduit and thus does not have to drip off from the operating position.
  • the mouthpiece may advantageously be mounted on the handle by means of an articulated joint, whereby the mouthpiece will be capable more easily of applying itself sealingly to the workpiece than if it were rigidly connected with the latter.
  • the mouthpiece is mounted on a pin which is rotatably mounted in the handle for rotation about an inclined axis intersecting the axis of the mouthpiece in a point in the vicinity of the face of the mouthpiece to be applied to the workpiece.
  • the flexible liquid conduits may be in the form of flexible tubes extending from'the mouthpiece through the handle, a squeezing member operated by the said operating member being provided in the handle and serving to squeeze the flexible tubes.
  • the squeezing means may be'arranged to perform, in the operation of squeezing the flexible tubes, a sweeping movement longitudinally of the latter in a direction away from the mouthpiece.
  • the squeezing member may preferably be in the form of a roll, which is mounted at the end of a lever mounted in the handle and forming the operating member.
  • the said lever may 'be biased by means of a spring tending to turn the lever in a direction toward "the squeezing position, the said spring being arranged in such a manner that the moment arm on which it acts becomes shorter when the lever is turned away from the squeezing position.
  • the mouthpiece To enable the mouthpiece to fit as closely as possible to the surface of the work piece, it is proposed according to the invention to construct the mouthpiece in such a manner that the wall of the part of 'the mouthpiece extending beyond the mouths of the co-axial passages consn'tutes an elastic sleeve.
  • the arrangement should be such that the electric circuit can only be completed when the mouthpiece has been applied to the workpiece and the flow of electrolyte has been started.
  • the operating member on the handle may be adapted, towards the end of its movement for setting free the flow of electrolyte to and from the-mouthpiece, to close a contact in the electric circuit'for estab-' lishing the required potential difference between the electrolyte and the workpiece.
  • the flexible conduits from the handle should be connected to a source of electrolyte during the use of the apparatus from which source a circulation of electrolyte through the flexible conduits and the mouthpiece should be caused.
  • the laboratory or workshop using the apparatus according to the invention will already have available an apparatus of the above described type with a stationary mouthpiece, and in that case the handle with the mouthpiece and the flexible conduits may be used as an attachment to the existing apparatus, the flexible conduits being connected to the electrolyte circuit of the existing apparatus in suitable manner.
  • the latter also supplies the necessary potentials to the work piece and to an electrode provided in the handle.
  • the electrolyte circuit it is frequently advantageous to be independent of other apparatuses for producing the circulation of electrolyte, among other things in order to obtain a greater flexibility of use and independence of the pressure levelywhich an existing apparatus is capable of supplying.
  • the invention therefore also relates to simple means for creating a flow of electrolyte through the flexible conduits and'the :mouthpiece.
  • the flexibleconduits from the handle are'connected individually to two tanks which are mounted in a case in such a manner that in one position of the latter there is created a difference of level between the tanks, causing electrolyte to flow from one tank through the mouthpiece to the other tank, while in another position of the case an opposite difference of level between the tanks is created causing a return flow of electrolyte from the second to the first tank through a direct conduit connection between the two tanks provided for this purpose.
  • the flexible conduits from the handle are individually connected to two tanks, one of which is sealingly closed and provided with a rubber ball or the like means for subjecting the tank .to a slight pressure or vacuum, while the other tank is in open communication with the atmosphere, a conduit connection being provided between the two tanks and comprising a valve, which only permits a flow of liquid in the direction from the closed towards the open tank.
  • Fig. l diagrammatically shows a longitudinal section through one form of a handle with mouthpiece and combined liquid flow interrupter and electrical switch forming part of an apparatus according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 on a larger scale a longitudinal section through the mouthpiece
  • Fig. 3 the mouthpiece of Fig. 2, as viewed from the bot tom,
  • Fig. 4 a developed section along the line lV-IV of Fig. 2,
  • Fig.5 diagrammatically one form of a case with tanks for causing the flow of electrolyte, as viewed in its operating position
  • Fig. 6 the same as viewed in its position of transportation
  • Fig. 7 another form of an equipment for causing the flow of electrolyte.
  • 1 is a handle, which at its front end is constructed with an inclined bore, in which a pin 2 is rotatably mounted which at its outwardly and downwardly directed end carries a mouthpiece 3.
  • the outer end of the pin 2 carrying the mouthpiece 3 is bent in such a manner that the axis of the pin 2 intersects the axis of the mouthpiece in a point in the vicinity of the lower end of the mouthpiece intended to be engaged with the surface of the workpiece.
  • the mouth piece consists of a metallic sleeve 4, at the front end of which an .elastic sleeve 5, e. g. of a plastic material not subject to damage from electrolyte, is provided.
  • the metallic sleeve 4 is constructed with two co-axial passages, the inner one 6 of which is formed by a tube 7 extending through the metallic sleeve and serving at its outward and as a fitting for the connection of aflexible tube 8.
  • the outer passage 9 is formed by a bore in the metallic sleeve, in which there is mounted an inclined upwardly directed pipe for the connection .of a flexible tube.
  • the passages 6 and 9 are open at the bottom end of the metallic sleeve .4, below which a chamber 11 is formed, which is surrounded by the elastic sleeve 5.
  • a flange 12 which may be integral with the tube 7, and is constructed with a plurality of inclined passage openings 13.
  • a flexible tube 14 is connected to the :pipe:8 anda 'flexibletube 1510 the pipe 10. Both :of .these'flexible tubes extend lengthwise through the mouthpiece and are continued from the rear end of the latter by suitable lengths of flexible tube for connection to anapparatus for causing an electrolyte to flow through the flexible tube .15
  • a lever 16 is pivoted to the handle at '17 and has one end thereof extending upwards from the handle, while at its other end carrying a roll 18 serving as a squeezing member for squeezing the flexible tubes 14 and 15.
  • a pair of contact springs 20 one of which is provided with a nose 21'lying in the path of the lowerend of the lever 16, so that the "latter will strike the nose 21 and thereby close the contacts .towards the end of its movement from the position shown in full lines to the position shown in dotted lines.
  • the contact springs are interposed in a conductor 22 from one terminal '23 of a source-of electric current to the pin 2 and thereby to the mouthpiece 3.
  • 'To the other terminal 24v of the source 0f electric current there is connected a conductor'ZS intended-for conthe handle 1 and applies the mouthpiece 3 to the spot of the workpiece, whereit is desired to perform an electrolytic polishing.
  • the elastic sleeve 5 is firmly engaged with the workpiece-and owing toits .elasticity iscapable of adjusting itselftothe shapethereof so that'it will be possible to rtreat notonlyplane surfaces-but alsosu-rfaces having a certain amount of curvature in one or more directions.
  • the electrolyte enters into the mouthpiece through the pipe 10 and then flows through the outer passage and the inclined passage openings 13 into the chamber 11 and from there back through the inner passage 6 to the flexible tube 14.
  • the flow of electrolyte in the chamber 11 is directed inwardly from the circumference, while at the same time the passage through the inclined openings 6 '13 imparts a circular movement to the electrolyte.
  • the electrolytic polishing can only be started from the moment when the 'lever .16 closes the contacts 20, and is interrupted again as soonas-the lever ;16 is released, whereby the electric circuit is .first interrupted and the flexible tubes 14 and '15 are thereafter squeezed by means of the roll 18 so that also the liquid .circuitis interrupted, whereafter the mouthpiece can be lifted away from the surface of the workpiece.
  • the contacts-20 are only intended as.a safety switch, the control of the current being normally performed at a current supply equipment having a timing arrangement. If no such current supply equipment is available, or it is in special circumstances inconvenient to use it, the control of the current may be performed 'by means of the contacts 20.
  • FIG. :Figs. ,5 and 6 show an apparatus that maybe used to obtain the circulation of electrolyte.
  • the apparatus con sists of a case 26 in which two tanks 27 and 28 are mounted.
  • the case is intended to be placed -.in either one of two different positions shown in :Figs. 5 and 6:respectively, and is provided with two'handles 29 and 30, by means of which the case can beplaced or carried in one and the other of these two 'positionsirespectively.
  • Tubes 31 and32 are connected to the tanks '27 :and'28, of which tubes the tormerextends from 'the bottom of the tank '27 whenthecase -is,inthe'positionillustrated in Fig. 5, while the tube '32 extends down into the tank28 from the upper end thereof.
  • the tubes 31 and 32 are intended for the connection of :the flexible tubes '15 and 14 respectively, and it will be seen that when electrolytic liquidispresent-in the tank 27, this-willbe capable, owing to the difference of level betweenthe tanks 27 and 28, to flow through the tube 31, the flexible tube '15, the mouthpiece 3, the flexible tube 14 'an'dthetube '32 down into the tank '28.
  • a tube 33 is also provided directly between the tanks 27 and 28, the said tube being connected in such a manner that in the position of the case shown in Fig. 5 there will be no flow of electrolyte therethrough.
  • the tube 33 connects the bottom end of the tank 28 with the bottom end of the tank 27, and since in this position the tank 28 is located at a higher level than the tank 27, the electrolyte will flow from the tank 28 to the tank 27 so that the system is thereafter ready for being used again in the manner illustrated in Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 7 shows another example of an apparatus, by means of which the flow of electrolyte may be created.
  • 34 and 35 are two tanks, of which the tank 34 is sealingly closed, while the tank 35 is in open communication with the atmosphere through a tube 36.
  • the tube 36 is so located, and the maximum quantity of liquid in the tank 35 so selected, that the liquid cannot end.
  • the flexible tube 15 is connected to the tank 35 and the flexible tube 14 to the tank 34.
  • a certain quantity of liquid is present in each of the tanks 34 and 35. If a pressure is now exerted on the rubber ball 37, a pressure above that of the atmosphere is produced in the tank 34, and under the influence of this pressure electrolyte is pressed through the pipe 38 into the tank 35, which latter remains at atmospheric pressure because it is in open communication with the atmosphere through the tube 36. When releasing the rubber ball 37, the latter will again expand to its normal shape and will therefore produce a vacuum in the tank 34, because the valve 39 prevents a return flow of electrolyte from the tank 35 to the tank 34. The apparatus is now ready for carrying out an electrolytic polishing.
  • An apparatus for electrolytically polishing limited surface portions of a metallic workpiece comprising a handle, a mouthpiece mounted on said handle, said mouthpiece having an open end to be applied to the workpiece and being constructed with two co-axial passages opening at a small distance behind said open end, a source of electrolyte, conduit means including flexible conduit portions connecting said two passages individually with said source of liquid electrolyte, means for circulating electrolyte from said source to the outer one of said two passages and back through the inner one of said two passages to said source, manually operated means mounted on said handlefor selectively permitting and cutting olf said circulation of electrolyte, and an electric circuit for creating a potential difference between the electrolyte and the workpiece.
  • conduit means comprise flexible liquid conduits extending from said mouthpiece through said handle
  • manually operated means comprise means for squeezing said tubes in a direction away from said mouthpiece to cut off the flow of electrolyte.
  • said manually operated means comprises a lever pivotally mounted in said handle and having one end thereof projecting externally of said handle to form an operating member, and a roller mounted at the other end of said lever for contacting said flexible conduits to squeeze the same.
  • An apparatus as in claim 4 including a spring biasing said lever towards the position at which said conduits are closed, the pivotal movement of said lever toward non-squeezing position decreasing the elfective moment arm of the spring with respect thereto.
  • An apparatus as in claim 1 including guiding means provided in the outer one of said two co-axial passages for imparting circular movement about the axis of the mouthpiece to the liquid electrolyte emerging from the annular opening of said outer passage.
  • said electric circuit includes a switch mounted on said handle, which switch is closed by said manually operated means towards the end of its movement to permit flow of electrolyte.
  • said source of electrolyte comprises two tanks, one of which is closed from the atmosphere and includes a manually operable resiliently compressible compartment, while the other tank is in open communication with the atmosphere, a conduit connection between the two tanks, said connection comprising a valve which permits a flow of liquid only in the direction from the closed towards the open tank, said conduit means connecting the outer one of said two co-axial passages with said open tank and connecting the inner one of said two co-axial passages with said closed tank.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
US581509A 1955-05-13 1956-04-30 Apparatus for the electrolytic polishing of limited surface portions of a metallic workpiece Expired - Lifetime US2848410A (en)

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DK802092X 1955-05-13

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US2848410A true US2848410A (en) 1958-08-19

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US (1) US2848410A (US07122603-20061017-C00187.png)
DE (1) DE1048754B (US07122603-20061017-C00187.png)
FR (1) FR1153311A (US07122603-20061017-C00187.png)
GB (1) GB802092A (US07122603-20061017-C00187.png)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3058895A (en) * 1958-11-10 1962-10-16 Anocut Eng Co Electrolytic shaping
US3060113A (en) * 1956-12-03 1962-10-23 Centre Nat Rech Scient Apparatus for liquid processing of strip-like material
US3172831A (en) * 1960-06-15 1965-03-09 Anocut Eng Co Grinding machine
US3214360A (en) * 1960-06-21 1965-10-26 Anocut Eng Co Electrolytic cavity sinking apparatus
US3238114A (en) * 1960-06-06 1966-03-01 Gen Electric Cathode for electrolytic erosion of metal
US3243365A (en) * 1962-05-07 1966-03-29 Ex Cell O Corp Elecrode for electrolytic hole drilling
US3251603A (en) * 1962-03-12 1966-05-17 Staley Mfg Co A E Polymeric caulking material
US3287245A (en) * 1961-06-19 1966-11-22 Anocut Eng Co Method and apparatus for use in electrolytic machining
US3324021A (en) * 1962-10-23 1967-06-06 Cincinnati Milling Machine Co Electrochemical machining apparatus and tool therefor
US3345281A (en) * 1963-09-03 1967-10-03 Setco Ind Inc Electrolytic shaping apparatus
US3374385A (en) * 1963-07-10 1968-03-19 Rca Corp Electron tube cathode with nickel-tungsten alloy base and thin nickel coating
US3669867A (en) * 1968-04-15 1972-06-13 Itek Corp Optical surface generating apparatus
US4543460A (en) * 1982-02-25 1985-09-24 Inoue-Japax Research Incorporated Generic electrode EDM method and apparatus, and assembly for maintaining chip concentration in the gap at an enhanced level
US4806216A (en) * 1988-01-21 1989-02-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Electrochemical polishing of notches
US4882019A (en) * 1988-11-21 1989-11-21 Lewy Michael M Apparatus and method for polishing a plumbing or electrical fixture
US5135625A (en) * 1991-11-25 1992-08-04 Lewy Michael M Method and apparatus for polishing the inner surface of metallic tubing

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1192522B (de) * 1960-05-17 1965-05-06 Chemische Maschb Werke Veb Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entseuchung radioaktiv verseuchter Gegenstaende und Flaechen

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191226504A (en) * 1912-11-18 1913-11-13 George Philip Malcolm Lee Method of and Means for Cleaning Electro-plating and Finishing Surfaces, more particularly Surfaces in situ.
US2080234A (en) * 1934-04-13 1937-05-11 Schlotter Max Anode for electroplating by hand
DE672698C (de) * 1936-10-07 1939-03-08 Siemens & Halske Akt Ges Einrichtung zur oertlich begrenzten anodischen Oxydation
FR921192A (fr) * 1945-11-07 1947-04-29 Procédé permettant d'obtenir localement sur des objets ou appareillages métalliques, un traitement de surface, tel qu'un décapage
US2698832A (en) * 1951-03-20 1955-01-04 Standard Process Corp Plating apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191226504A (en) * 1912-11-18 1913-11-13 George Philip Malcolm Lee Method of and Means for Cleaning Electro-plating and Finishing Surfaces, more particularly Surfaces in situ.
US2080234A (en) * 1934-04-13 1937-05-11 Schlotter Max Anode for electroplating by hand
DE672698C (de) * 1936-10-07 1939-03-08 Siemens & Halske Akt Ges Einrichtung zur oertlich begrenzten anodischen Oxydation
FR921192A (fr) * 1945-11-07 1947-04-29 Procédé permettant d'obtenir localement sur des objets ou appareillages métalliques, un traitement de surface, tel qu'un décapage
US2698832A (en) * 1951-03-20 1955-01-04 Standard Process Corp Plating apparatus

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3060113A (en) * 1956-12-03 1962-10-23 Centre Nat Rech Scient Apparatus for liquid processing of strip-like material
US3058895A (en) * 1958-11-10 1962-10-16 Anocut Eng Co Electrolytic shaping
US3238114A (en) * 1960-06-06 1966-03-01 Gen Electric Cathode for electrolytic erosion of metal
US3172831A (en) * 1960-06-15 1965-03-09 Anocut Eng Co Grinding machine
US3214360A (en) * 1960-06-21 1965-10-26 Anocut Eng Co Electrolytic cavity sinking apparatus
US3287245A (en) * 1961-06-19 1966-11-22 Anocut Eng Co Method and apparatus for use in electrolytic machining
US3251603A (en) * 1962-03-12 1966-05-17 Staley Mfg Co A E Polymeric caulking material
US3243365A (en) * 1962-05-07 1966-03-29 Ex Cell O Corp Elecrode for electrolytic hole drilling
US3324021A (en) * 1962-10-23 1967-06-06 Cincinnati Milling Machine Co Electrochemical machining apparatus and tool therefor
US3374385A (en) * 1963-07-10 1968-03-19 Rca Corp Electron tube cathode with nickel-tungsten alloy base and thin nickel coating
US3345281A (en) * 1963-09-03 1967-10-03 Setco Ind Inc Electrolytic shaping apparatus
US3669867A (en) * 1968-04-15 1972-06-13 Itek Corp Optical surface generating apparatus
US4543460A (en) * 1982-02-25 1985-09-24 Inoue-Japax Research Incorporated Generic electrode EDM method and apparatus, and assembly for maintaining chip concentration in the gap at an enhanced level
US4806216A (en) * 1988-01-21 1989-02-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Electrochemical polishing of notches
US4882019A (en) * 1988-11-21 1989-11-21 Lewy Michael M Apparatus and method for polishing a plumbing or electrical fixture
US5135625A (en) * 1991-11-25 1992-08-04 Lewy Michael M Method and apparatus for polishing the inner surface of metallic tubing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB802092A (en) 1958-10-01
DE1048754B (US07122603-20061017-C00187.png)
FR1153311A (fr) 1958-03-05

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