US2843791A - Traveling wave tube - Google Patents

Traveling wave tube Download PDF

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Publication number
US2843791A
US2843791A US345502A US34550253A US2843791A US 2843791 A US2843791 A US 2843791A US 345502 A US345502 A US 345502A US 34550253 A US34550253 A US 34550253A US 2843791 A US2843791 A US 2843791A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wave
conductor
electron
circuit
helix
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US345502A
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English (en)
Inventor
John R Pierce
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US345502A priority Critical patent/US2843791A/en
Priority to US345503A priority patent/US2843792A/en
Priority to US364242A priority patent/US2843776A/en
Priority to US364441A priority patent/US2843793A/en
Priority to FR1094923D priority patent/FR1094923A/fr
Priority to FR1090850D priority patent/FR1090850A/fr
Priority to NL185109A priority patent/NL88154C/xx
Priority to DEW13320A priority patent/DE959299C/de
Priority to GB8457/54A priority patent/GB772000A/en
Priority to GB8458/54A priority patent/GB772001A/en
Priority to BE527669D priority patent/BE527669A/xx
Priority to BE527690D priority patent/BE527690A/xx
Priority to FR1107482D priority patent/FR1107482A/fr
Priority to DEW14021A priority patent/DE1127003B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2843791A publication Critical patent/US2843791A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/08—Focusing arrangements, e.g. for concentrating stream of electrons, for preventing spreading of stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/08—Focusing arrangements, e.g. for concentrating stream of electrons, for preventing spreading of stream
    • H01J23/083—Electrostatic focusing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
    • H01J23/26—Helical slow-wave structures; Adjustment therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/24—Slow-wave structures, e.g. delay systems
    • H01J23/26—Helical slow-wave structures; Adjustment therefor
    • H01J23/27—Helix-derived slow-wave structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/36—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H01J25/40—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field the backward travelling wave being utilised

Definitions

  • This invention relates to radio frequency apparatus and more particularly to such apparatus which employs the interaction between a traveling electromagnetic wave and an electron stream over a plurality of wavelengths to secure gain to the electromagnetic Wave.
  • 'Such apparatus is now generally designated as a traveling wave tube.
  • an electromagnetic wave propagates along a wave interaction circuit and an electron stream flows past the wave interaction circuit in coupling relation with the electric field of the wave.
  • the stream and wave can-be made to interact whereby the stream is bunched and the wave is amplified.
  • this relationship was satisfied by making the. velocity of the the electron stream substantially equal to the phase velocity of the fundamental component of the traveling wave.
  • traveling wave tubes characterized by operation designated as spatial harmonic, in which the phase velocity of the fundamental component of the traveling wave is considerably difierent from the velocity of the electron stream but in which the relationships for useful interaction are met by special circuit arrangements so that a particular group of electrons, nevertheless, sees the same phase conditions of the electric field at successive regions of wave interaction iniits traversal through the tube.
  • Such operation may be viewed as characterizedcby a wave circuit conducive to establishing spatial-harmonic componentsof the traveling .wave of which one has a phase velocity sufliciently close to, the velocity-of the electron streamfor cumulative interaction.
  • Kompfner thereisidisclosed a tube which employs an rinterdigital, type wave circuit in which theidirection, of, the longitudinal electric field component withwhich the electron stream interacts reverses between adjacent finger elements because of the. interdigital'pattern. Circuits ofthis. kind are generally more economicalioftube length than circuits of theintermittent interactiontype.
  • The. primary, object of this invention is to provide a wave circuit suitable -for operation in this way which to a two conductor transmission line.
  • the wave. interaction circuit comprises a coiled conductor and a conductive member extending adjacent the coiled conductorand including a succession of projections extending into-the region between successive turns of the coiled conductor for dividing each of these regions into two distinctgaps across which the direction of the electric field ofwaves propagating along the circuit reverses.
  • the wave interaction circuit comprises a conductive core member which is helically grooved and into whose groovings is wound a conductor which is kept-insulated from the groovings. In such a circuit the longitudinal component of the fringing electric field existing between the conductor and the side walls ofthe grooving ,reverses direction for each of the two side walls.
  • a wave circuit of this kind canbe sturdy and readily adaptable for the dissipation of :high powers, easy to construct and to reproduce, etfici'entin operation, and conducive to good input and output matches for the supplying and abstracting of radiofrequency energy.
  • the conductive core member andthe helix can-be formed as extensions of the outer and inner conductors, respectively, of a coaxial line.
  • Wave circuits of this kind are conducive bothto forward wave type of operationof the kind described in. the above-mentioned S. Millman article or backward wave type of operation of the kind described in this Millman article or backward wave type of operation of the kind described in the above-mentioned Kompfnerapplication in which the electron streaminteracts with forward-traveling spatial harmonics of a backward traveling wave. in backward wave operation, the interaction circuitiischosen to set up strong spatial harmonic components of a wave propagating along the circuit which have a .phase velocity in a direction oppositeto that ofthe group velocity of the Wave.
  • the electron beam is projectedJpast thewavecircuit in the direction opposite to that of the group velocity of the wave for interaction with a spatial harmonic component traveling in the direction; of the beam.
  • Theelectron stream moving in the direction opposite to that-of the energy propagation serves to couple regions of high level more proximate to the electron source to regions of low level more remote from the source.
  • Such positive regeneration produces oscillations when the density or the stream and the coupling between the stream and the circuit are sufficiently high, at a frequency which provides synchronism between the electron stream and the spatial harmonic component with which it interacts.
  • backward wave traveling wave tubes is set forth in the'Proc. of the I.-'R. E., vol. 41, pps. 1602-1611, in an article entitled, Backward Wave Tubes, by R. Kompfner and N. T. Williams.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically as one embodiment of the invention a backward wave type oscillator
  • Fig. 2 shows on an enlarged scale a fragment of. the interaction circuit of the oscillator shown in Fig. 1;.and
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically as another embodiment an amplifier which can be employed to secure gain either to a forward or backward traveling wave.
  • an evacuated elongated envelope 11 which, for example,
  • a conventional electron gun shown schematically merely as an annular cathode 12, furnishes a tubular lelectron stream for projection parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tube.
  • a cup-shaped electrode 13 having its open end facing the electron gun serves as a collector for the 'ing a helical grooving 15 which extends along its length with 'a substantially uniform pitch and a conductor 16 helically wound in the grooving but spaced therefrom by a dielectric layer 17
  • the details may be seen with greater clarity in the fragment of the circuit shown in Fig. 2.
  • the outer diameter of the helix 16 is substantially equal to the transverse dimension or diameter of the core member 14 whereby there results an outer surface for the interaction circuit which is smooth except for the succession of pairs of gaps 18 and 19 formed between the conductor 16 and the side walls of the grooving.
  • the electron stream is projected close past this surface.
  • suitable means such as a solenoid.
  • the electron beam is confined by electrostatic focusing in a manner which is described below.
  • This field has a longitudinal component .parallel'to the axis of the core member and to the direction of electron flow. It is characteristic of the two longitudinal electric fields set up in pairs of gaps 18 and 19 that their respective directions are reversed as is shown in Fig. 2.
  • the electric fields E and E associated with gaps 18 and 19, respectively, are reversed in direction inasmuch as the electric field extends radially from the conductor 16 to the walls of the grooving.
  • .-the condition shown in Fig. 2 is for that in which the instantaneous radio frequency polarity of the fragment of conductor is positive with respect to the adjacent walls of its grooving. It is with these fringing electric fields across the series of gaps 18 and 19 that the electron flow primarily interacts, and it is the reversal in direction of electric fields across the two gaps of a pair that provides advantages to this form of interaction circuit for spatial harmonic type operation.
  • the core member is bored at the electron gun end for forming a tubular end section 21 which is extended out through the glass envelope past the electron gun to form the outer member of a coaxial coupling connection 23 and an aperture 22 is cut in its outer surface through to the hollow of the end section through which is passed the conductor 16 which thereafter is made to extend coaxial within this tubular end section 21 through the glass envelope to form the inner member of the coaxial coupling connection 23.
  • output 4 I oscillatory energy can be led off by a coaxial line to wherever it is to be utilized.
  • the collector end For the reflectionless termination of the interaction circuit, it is sufficient at the collector end to fill the interspace between the conductor 16 and the adjacent walls of the grooving 15 with dissipative material 27, such as Aquadag. For a broadband termination it is preferable to increase the amount of the filling gradually over several turns.
  • v is the velocity of a Wave traveling along the conductor 16 of the interaction circuit, which velocity usually will be close to the velocity of light
  • d is the diameter of the helix formed by the conductor
  • p is the pitch distance of this helix
  • electrostatic focusing can be achieved by maintaining a D.-C. potential difference between the conductor 16 and the core 14, as shown. To this end it is also.
  • noise components of the electron stream excite backward traveling'circuit waves which tend to interact with the electron stream.
  • oscillations at the frequency determined by the velocity of the electron stream are set up which can be abstracted for utilization.
  • an oscillator of the kind described that the frequency is tuned merely by varying the electron velocity which, in turn, is controlled by the accelerating voltages. Accordingly, such an oscillator can be readily adapted as a frequency modulator by utilizing signal intelligence to vary the accelerating voltage, as by the insertion of a source of modulating voltages 25 in series with the voltage source 24 between the electron source 12 and the core member 14.
  • the amplifier shown in Fig. 3 resembles the oscillator 10 shown in Fig. 1 in most respects, the principal diiference being in the provision of an additional external coupling connection 150, similar to coupling connection 123 at the upstream or electron source end of the interaction circuit, at the downstream or collector end
  • an additional external coupling connection 150 similar to coupling connection 123 at the upstream or electron source end of the interaction circuit, at the downstream or collector end
  • the electron current of *the interaction circuit in place of a dissipative termination.
  • Inbackward wave operation inpuf waves to be amplified are suppliedtothe interaction-circuit for propagation therealong by way of this added connection.
  • output waves whichhave been amplified are abstracted from the interaction circuit by way of this added connection.
  • reference numerals designating elements in the amplifier 110 which correspond to elements-in the oscillator are greater byone hundred than the reference numerals designating such oscillator elements. Accordingly, the amplifier tube envelope is designated as 111, the electron source 112, the-collector 113 etc.
  • the collector 113 is, however, annular for the passage therethrough of the connection to the downstream end of the interaction circuit.
  • the external coupling connection 150 at the downstream end resembles external coupling connection 123 at the upstream end, being a coaxial connection the inner member of which is a straight section extension of the conductor 1 16 and the outer member of which is an extension of a tubular end section of the core 114 through which has been passed the conductor 116.
  • v is the velocity along the conductor 116 of the traveling wave to be amplified.
  • d is the diameter of the helix
  • v is the velocity along the conductor 116 of the traveling wave to be amplified.
  • the voltage source 124 is adjusted instead to provide an electron velocity v which is approximately given by It is similarly important here to keep the beam current sufficiently low that oscillations are not initiated. However, in this instance the tendency towards self-oscillation may be lessened by the insertion of lossy material along the interaction circuit.
  • a wave circuit in accordance with the invention can be defined as a two conductor transmission line of which one conductor is a coil and the other a member which extends between adjacent turns of the coil for dividing each of these regions into two distinct gaps.
  • an-interaction circuit comprising a conductive core member helically grooved and a conductor wound in the grooving to form a helix, s'aid conductor being electrically insulated from said core member, means for projecting an electron stream past said interaction circuit parallel to the axis of teraction circuit and the electron velocity is adjusted to be approximately equal to where w is the radian frequency of the center of the operating band, 2 is the pitch distance of the helix,d isthe diameter of the helix, and v is the velocity of wave propagation along the helix.
  • a helicalconductor a conductive member positioned adjacent to the axis of said helical conductor and having portions extending in the regions between adjacent turns of said helical conductor for dividing eachof said regions into two gaps, saidhelical conductor and said conductive member beingelectrically insulated from each other, a cylindrical electrode extend ing. axially around said helical conductor and conductive member, means for projecting an electron stream axially in the interspace between said electrode and helical conductor, and means for maintaining the helical conductor and conductive member at different potentials and the electrode at a potential intermediate said different potentials.
  • a conductive core member which is helically grooved along a portion thereof, a conductor wound to form a helix in the helical grooving which is electrically insulated from the conductive core member and to divide each turn of the grooving into a pair of distinct gaps
  • means for forming an electron stream for flow past the successive gaps for interacting with the electric fields set up thereacross by a wave propagating along the circuit, connector means at at least one end of said interaction circuit for coupling the circuit to a transmission line, said connector means comprising a conductor which extends axially through a hollow end portion of said conductive core member electrically insulated therefrom and is electrically connected to the helically wound conductor.
  • an interaction circuit comprising a cylindrical conductive core member which is helically grooved along a portion thereof, a conductor wound in the helical grooving electrically insulated from the conductive core member for forming a helix coaxial with the core member, a conductive cylindrical electrode coaxial with and surrounding the core member, and means for projecting an annular electron beam in the interspace between the core member and the electrode parallel to the axis of the core member for interacting with the electric fields of a wave traveling along the interaction circuit.
  • a traveling wave tube comprising a conductive member having a helically grooved surface, a wire helix positioned in the grooves of said surface but insulated from said conductive member, the portions of said surface defining said grooves extending between adjacent turns .ing an electron stream along said surface portions and said helix at a velocity for interaction with a spatial harmonic of. the electromagnetic wave energy.
  • A. traveling wave tube in accordance with claim 6 further comprising dissipative means for terminating the downstream end of said conductive member and said helix, and a coaxial connection coupled to the upstream end of said conductive member and said helix.
  • a traveling wave tube in accordance with claim 7 wherein said coaxial connection comprises an outer member which is an extension of said conductive member and an inner member which is an extension of said helix.
  • a traveling wave tube comprising a conductive member having a helically grooved surface, a wire helix positioned in the grooves of said surface but insulated from said conductive member, the portions of said surface defining said grooves extending between adjacent turns of said helix whereby opposite direction longitudinal electric fields exist from each turn of said helix to the immediately adjacent surface portions, said conductive member and said helix serving to transmit electromagnetic wave energy therealong, and means for projecting an electron stream along said surface portions and said vhelix at a velocity for interaction with said wave energy.
  • a traveling wave tube in accordance with claim 11 further comprising a coaxial transmission line connection having outer and inner members in energy transfer relation with said conductive member and said helix, said outer member being an extension of said conductive member and said inner member being an extension of said helix.
  • a traveling wave tube in accordance with claim 10 further comprising dissipative means for terminating the downstream end of said conductive member and said helix, and a two-conductor connection coupled to the end of the interaction circuit adjacent said electron stream projecting means for abstracting oscillatory waves, said connection having one conductor integral with said helix and the other conductor integral with said conductive member.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US345502A 1953-03-30 1953-03-30 Traveling wave tube Expired - Lifetime US2843791A (en)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US345502A US2843791A (en) 1953-03-30 1953-03-30 Traveling wave tube
US345503A US2843792A (en) 1953-03-30 1953-03-30 Traveling wave tube
US364242A US2843776A (en) 1953-03-30 1953-06-26 Traveling wave tube electron gun
US364441A US2843793A (en) 1953-03-30 1953-06-26 Electrostatic focusing of electron beams
FR1094923D FR1094923A (fr) 1953-03-30 1953-11-16 Tube à onde progressive
FR1090850D FR1090850A (fr) 1953-03-30 1953-11-17 Tube à onde progressive
NL185109A NL88154C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1953-03-30 1954-02-13
DEW13320A DE959299C (de) 1953-03-30 1954-02-24 Wanderfeldroehre fuer raeumlich harmonische Betriebsweise
GB8457/54A GB772000A (en) 1953-03-30 1954-03-23 Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices of the travelling wave type
GB8458/54A GB772001A (en) 1953-03-30 1954-03-23 Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices of the travelling wave type
BE527669D BE527669A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1953-03-30 1954-03-27
BE527690D BE527690A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1953-03-30 1954-03-29
FR1107482D FR1107482A (fr) 1953-03-30 1954-04-14 Dispositif de focalisation électrostatique
DEW14021A DE1127003B (de) 1953-03-30 1954-05-19 Wanderfeldroehre mit einer elektrostatischen Fokussierungseinrichtung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US345502A US2843791A (en) 1953-03-30 1953-03-30 Traveling wave tube

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US2843791A true US2843791A (en) 1958-07-15

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US345502A Expired - Lifetime US2843791A (en) 1953-03-30 1953-03-30 Traveling wave tube
US345503A Expired - Lifetime US2843792A (en) 1953-03-30 1953-03-30 Traveling wave tube

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US345503A Expired - Lifetime US2843792A (en) 1953-03-30 1953-03-30 Traveling wave tube

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US (2) US2843791A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (2) BE527669A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE959299C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (3) FR1094923A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (2) GB772001A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL88154C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2984762A (en) * 1958-05-15 1961-05-16 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron beam tube and magnetic circuitry therefor
US3391355A (en) * 1965-10-22 1968-07-02 Itt Low impedance slotted line
US5172029A (en) * 1991-01-22 1992-12-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Shielded helix traveling wave cathode ray tube deflection structure
USD362683S (en) 1994-01-03 1995-09-26 Sanford Corporation Combined eraser system and dry markers

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2843791A (en) * 1953-03-30 1958-07-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
DE1131816B (de) * 1956-03-05 1962-06-20 Siemens Ag Laufzeitroehre mit Geschwindigkeits-modulation, insbesondere Lauffeldroehre, zur Verstaerkung sehr kurzer elektrischer Wellen, insbesondere Millimeterwellen
US2941113A (en) * 1957-04-01 1960-06-14 Hughes Aircraft Co Traveling-wave tube
DE1100825B (de) * 1957-05-23 1961-03-02 Telefunken Gmbh Elektrostatisches Elektronenstrahlerzeugungssystem zur Erzeugung eines Elektronenhohl-strahles, insbesondere fuer Laufzeitroehren mit gebuendelt gefuehrter Elektronenstroemung
DE1107346B (de) * 1959-03-12 1961-05-25 Telefunken Patent Elektrostatische Fokussierungsanordnung zur gebuendelten Fuehrung des Elektronen-hohlstrahls einer Wanderfeldroehre
DE1295703B (de) * 1961-02-14 1969-05-22 Telefunken Patent Lauffeldroehre mit einem elektrostatisch gebuendelt gefuehrten Elektronenhohlstrahl
US3382399A (en) * 1965-05-06 1968-05-07 Army Usa Modified traveling wave tube

Citations (2)

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US2643353A (en) * 1948-11-04 1953-06-23 Int Standard Electric Corp Traveling wave tube
US2725499A (en) * 1949-06-21 1955-11-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency amplifying device

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BE428911A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1933-10-23
US2312723A (en) * 1939-08-16 1943-03-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
NL187376B (nl) * 1946-01-11 Northern Telecom Ltd Telefoonspraaknetwerk.
US2650956A (en) * 1946-12-24 1953-09-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Amplifier utilizing deflection of an electron beam
FR1004458A (fr) * 1947-04-25 1952-03-31 Guidage électrostatique de faisceaux électroniques suivant une direction donnée
US2672572A (en) * 1947-07-18 1954-03-16 Philco Corp Traveling wave tube
US2541843A (en) * 1947-07-18 1951-02-13 Philco Corp Electronic tube of the traveling wave type
NL144610B (nl) * 1948-02-04 American Cyanamid Co Werkwijze voor de bereiding van een preparaat tegen wormziekte bij warmbloedige dieren.
NL146666B (nl) * 1948-05-27 Philips Nv Signaalversterker.
US2652513A (en) * 1948-12-11 1953-09-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave amplifier
FR993156A (fr) * 1949-06-08 1951-10-29 Thomson Houston Comp Francaise Structure assurant une réduction de la vitesse de propagation d'une onde électromagnétique
US2742588A (en) * 1950-01-07 1956-04-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electronic amplifier
US2593113A (en) * 1950-12-29 1952-04-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Regenerative frequency shifting and pulse shaping circuit
US2843791A (en) * 1953-03-30 1958-07-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2643353A (en) * 1948-11-04 1953-06-23 Int Standard Electric Corp Traveling wave tube
US2725499A (en) * 1949-06-21 1955-11-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High frequency amplifying device

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2984762A (en) * 1958-05-15 1961-05-16 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron beam tube and magnetic circuitry therefor
US3391355A (en) * 1965-10-22 1968-07-02 Itt Low impedance slotted line
US5172029A (en) * 1991-01-22 1992-12-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Shielded helix traveling wave cathode ray tube deflection structure
USD362683S (en) 1994-01-03 1995-09-26 Sanford Corporation Combined eraser system and dry markers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1094923A (fr) 1955-05-25
GB772001A (en) 1957-04-10
FR1090850A (fr) 1955-04-04
NL88154C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1958-05-19
DE1127003B (de) 1962-04-05
FR1107482A (fr) 1956-01-03
GB772000A (en) 1957-04-10
BE527690A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1955-11-23
US2843792A (en) 1958-07-15
DE959299C (de) 1957-03-07
BE527669A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1956-11-23

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