US2842909A - Process for filling and treating pressure capsules for use in non-metallic fuzes - Google Patents

Process for filling and treating pressure capsules for use in non-metallic fuzes Download PDF

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Publication number
US2842909A
US2842909A US612177A US61217756A US2842909A US 2842909 A US2842909 A US 2842909A US 612177 A US612177 A US 612177A US 61217756 A US61217756 A US 61217756A US 2842909 A US2842909 A US 2842909A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
gas
ampoule
fuze
metallic
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US612177A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lazari Fabrizio
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Montedison SpA
Original Assignee
Montedison SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL87199D priority Critical patent/NL87199C/xx
Priority to NL92497D priority patent/NL92497C/xx
Priority to NLAANVRAGE7007248,A priority patent/NL171471B/xx
Priority to NL221590D priority patent/NL221590A/xx
Priority to BE513327D priority patent/BE513327A/xx
Priority claimed from US299305A external-priority patent/US2843042A/en
Priority to GB19425/52A priority patent/GB765930A/en
Priority to GB15870/55A priority patent/GB765931A/en
Priority to FR1066904D priority patent/FR1066904A/fr
Priority to CH308296D priority patent/CH308296A/de
Application filed by Montedison SpA filed Critical Montedison SpA
Priority to US612177A priority patent/US2842909A/en
Publication of US2842909A publication Critical patent/US2842909A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C14/00—Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type
    • F42C14/08—Mechanical fuzes characterised by the ammunition class or type for land mines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C7/00—Fuzes actuated by application of a predetermined mechanical force, e.g. tension, torsion, pressure
    • F42C7/02—Contact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated by mechanical contact between a stationary ammunition, e.g. a land mine, and a moving target, e.g. a person
    • F42C7/04—Contact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated by mechanical contact between a stationary ammunition, e.g. a land mine, and a moving target, e.g. a person actuated by applying pressure on the ammunition head
    • F42C7/06—Contact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated by mechanical contact between a stationary ammunition, e.g. a land mine, and a moving target, e.g. a person actuated by applying pressure on the ammunition head and comprising pneumatic or hydraulic retarding means

Definitions

  • fuzes activated by crushing consist essentially of a percussion cap or detonator which is struck by a firing pin when the fuze is subjected to a predetermined force.
  • the striker is projected against the sensitive deton-ator by the force of a spring, previously compressed and held in such condition by a stop system which is rendered ineffective by crushing of the cover of the fuze.
  • the release of the spring imparts to the striker a uniform striking forcewhich is always sufficient to insure firing of the detonator.
  • the striker is pushed against the detonator directly by the impact exerted upon the cover of the lfuze, and in this case, according to the circumstances, the force of the impact may or may not 'be sufiicient to ignite the detonator.
  • the last-mentioned type of fuze is particularly adapted for use in non-metallic mines, wherein metallic springs cannot be used.
  • a wholly non-magnetic fuze which comprises a detonator, a striker for igniting the detonator, and a pressure capsule for actuating the striker by a constant force of impact independently of the direction in which the mine cover-crushing force is applied.
  • this effect is attained in the present invention by replacing the predetermined elastic force of a spring by the elastic force of a compressed gas contained in a hermetically sealed container.
  • the gas container is disposed in a chamber at one end of which the striker is slida-bly fitted as a piston. Breakage of the compressed gas container, upon crushing of the fuze, exerts a pressure upon the striker and projects it against a suitably located percussion cap, striking it with'a uniform force always suflicient to ignite the detonator.
  • the gas container may consist of a vitreous or glass ampoule, which in addition to having the required fragility offers an unexpected high resistance to the internal pressure, in comparison with the necessarily small thickness of the we is.
  • the gas container is preferably charged with a stable gas under a pressure of from 1 to 30 atmospheres.
  • the drawing illustrates in vertical cross-section a fuze embodying a pressure capsule or ampoule made in accordance with the process of the present invention.
  • the fuze consists of a base 1 and cap or cover 2 made of rigid material, having adequate resistance (e. g. synthetic resin) and of a perimetral band 3 made also from stiff material and having a fragility adequate for the sensitivity required of the fuze.
  • a band constitutes at the same time the rigid and hermetic connection of the base with the cover and the predetermined fracture zone when the fuze is crushed by a body of a predetermined weight.
  • the cover 2 Inside the enclosure, composed of the cover 2, the base 1 and the band 3, are two cylindricalcoaxial sockets 4 and 4, respectively, integral with the cover and secured to the base, and surrounded by a plastic material envelope 5.
  • the envelope 5 affords a gas-tight but nonrigid connection between the sockets.
  • the compressed gas container 6 made of fragile material (e. g. glass).
  • the internal cavity of the socket 4 extends through the base of the fuze in a channel 7, within which at a convenient height the striker 8 is located, operating as a piston.
  • the striker 8 is held in place by a thin and yieldable bafile 9, which serves to preserve the hermetic closure of the pneumatic chamber. Under the striker, the percussion cap 10, containing the blasting fuze, is located.
  • the container or capsule 6 is preferably a glass ampoule. Since the ampoule contains gas under pressure, special consideration must be given to its manufacture and sealing. For example, one of the following methods could be employed for producing the pressure-containing ampoules:
  • the third one constitutes in particular the object of the present invention, and may be easily effected since it requires neither the use of a special apparatus (as the first one) nor ampoules of particular manufacture (as the second).
  • the invention takes advantage of the particular resistance characteristics of glass. It comprises introducing into the ampoule a substance or a mixture of substances in a condensed state, as described below, from which a desired amount of gas is uniformly generated which, being set free in the ampoule after closure thereof by hot welding, exerts a continuous and uniform pressure over the whole inner surface. Breakage of the glass ampoule upon crushing of the fuze is effected by an instantaneous load effecting a tensional force within the glass.
  • those substances or mixtures of substances are particularly preferred whose gas development may be initiated and controlled after the welding operation on the neck of the ampoule.
  • the substance or the mixture of substances to be employed be such as to develop the gas by heat action, which, exclusive of luminous radiations, is the most common and measurable agent that may be transmitted through glass.
  • the gas, with which the ampoule is filled must have a low liquefaction point, such that for the predetermined internal pressure, no condensation occurs within the limits of temperature to which the ampoule may be subjected.
  • the gas must not be produced from the substance or mixture of substances exhibiting a reversible reaction, in consequence of which the gas pressure would be a function of the equilibrium in conformity with the temperature.
  • reaction velocity causing the gas development must be easily regulable in order to avoid its occurring too rapidly to prevent the possibility of rupture of the ampoules. Therefore liquids are preferable to solids because of the higher coefiicient of heat transfer of the whole device including the ampoule and its contents.
  • the gas development must be measurable quantitatively, so as to obtain the predetermined pressure inside the ampoule.
  • the gas must stand the test of time and must not give rise to internal reactions, varying the compositions and specific volume, that is, the pressure, within the limits of room temperature to which the ampoule may be exposed.
  • a particular feature of the present invention is the use of hydrogen peroxide as generator of gas under pressure within the hot-welded glass ampoule, such substance satisfying all the above-mentioned conditions and its use being of extreme simplicity.
  • the reaction proceeds in a practically complete manner, developing an oxygen volume exactly corresponding to the ratio determined analytically.
  • the contents are alkalized slightly and the ampoule necks are welded by a flame while keeping them in the cooling bath.
  • the ampoules are immersed in a water-bath having the preferred temperature--e. g. 40 C.
  • the bath must have a. sufiicient water capacity to act as a thermal fiywheel without the necessity of changes or subsidiary cooling, and to initiate at first the decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide contained in the ampoules and then control it by absorption of the reaction heat.
  • the ampoule When the visible development of oxygen is finished, the ampoule is ready to be employed and may be preserved indefinitely, without any possibility of internal alterations, and with a variation of the internal gas pressure as a function of the temperature only in conformity of the law of Gay-Lussac.
  • the immersion of the ampoules in the water bath in order to regulate the decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide contained in its serves also as a means for testing the ampoules in leakage due to imperfect welding of the necks.
  • a non-metallic fuze for a land mine having a striker, a percussion cap and enclosure means in contact with a vitreous frangible hermetically sealed ampoule having a. pre-fill of compressed propellant gas, the ampoule being breakable by impact on the fuze, to release the gas and thereby propel the striker against the percussion cap: the preliminary steps of charging the arrrpoule with a heat-controllable gas-generating substance, sealing the ampoule, then heattreating the charged ampoule to produce the desired gas pressure, and positioning the ampoule in the enclosure means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
US612177A 1951-08-04 1956-09-26 Process for filling and treating pressure capsules for use in non-metallic fuzes Expired - Lifetime US2842909A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL92497D NL92497C (da) 1951-08-04
NLAANVRAGE7007248,A NL171471B (nl) 1951-08-04 Inrichting voor het bewerken van een continue stroom van materialen of voorwerpen met ten minste twee gasvormige reagentia, die telkens door een inert buffergas van elkaar worden gescheiden.
NL221590D NL221590A (da) 1951-08-04
BE513327D BE513327A (da) 1951-08-04
NL87199D NL87199C (da) 1951-08-04
GB15870/55A GB765931A (en) 1951-08-04 1952-07-31 Gas-filled ampoules for fuzes for non-metallic land-mines and method for making such ampoules
GB19425/52A GB765930A (en) 1951-08-04 1952-07-31 Non-metallic fuzes
FR1066904D FR1066904A (fr) 1951-08-04 1952-08-01 Fusées particulièrement applicables aux mines amagnetiques terrestres et procédépour leur fabrication
CH308296D CH308296A (de) 1951-08-04 1952-08-04 Minenzünder, besonders für unmagnetische Landminen, und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben.
US612177A US2842909A (en) 1951-08-04 1956-09-26 Process for filling and treating pressure capsules for use in non-metallic fuzes

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT308296X 1951-08-04
US299305A US2843042A (en) 1951-08-04 1952-07-17 Non-metallic mine fuse
US612177A US2842909A (en) 1951-08-04 1956-09-26 Process for filling and treating pressure capsules for use in non-metallic fuzes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2842909A true US2842909A (en) 1958-07-15

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US612177A Expired - Lifetime US2842909A (en) 1951-08-04 1956-09-26 Process for filling and treating pressure capsules for use in non-metallic fuzes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2842909A (da)
BE (1) BE513327A (da)
CH (1) CH308296A (da)
FR (1) FR1066904A (da)
GB (2) GB765931A (da)
NL (4) NL87199C (da)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE521822A (da) * 1953-07-30
US2938462A (en) * 1956-04-20 1960-05-31 Olin Mathieson Projectile fuze
US2953094A (en) * 1957-11-26 1960-09-20 Motorola Inc Pneumatic timer
GB9010565D0 (en) * 1990-05-11 1990-10-17 Marconi Co Ltd Temperature sensitive device

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2425259A (en) * 1942-04-08 1947-08-05 Logan L Mallard Method of charging gas-expansion chambers of ice molds
US2693147A (en) * 1951-11-06 1954-11-02 Harold H Johnson Land mine

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2425259A (en) * 1942-04-08 1947-08-05 Logan L Mallard Method of charging gas-expansion chambers of ice molds
US2693147A (en) * 1951-11-06 1954-11-02 Harold H Johnson Land mine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE513327A (da)
NL221590A (da)
NL171471B (nl)
GB765930A (en) 1957-01-16
GB765931A (en) 1957-01-16
CH308296A (de) 1955-07-15
FR1066904A (fr) 1954-06-10
NL92497C (da)
NL87199C (da)

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