US2840362A - Apparatus for heating gases - Google Patents

Apparatus for heating gases Download PDF

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Publication number
US2840362A
US2840362A US434576A US43457654A US2840362A US 2840362 A US2840362 A US 2840362A US 434576 A US434576 A US 434576A US 43457654 A US43457654 A US 43457654A US 2840362 A US2840362 A US 2840362A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
burner
combustion
gases
air
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US434576A
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English (en)
Inventor
Elvin L Krieble
Eugene J Houdry
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oxy Catalyst Inc
Original Assignee
Oxy Catalyst Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to CA627140A priority Critical patent/CA627140A/en
Application filed by Oxy Catalyst Inc filed Critical Oxy Catalyst Inc
Priority to US434576A priority patent/US2840362A/en
Priority to GB10679/55A priority patent/GB782705A/en
Priority to FR1136769D priority patent/FR1136769A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2840362A publication Critical patent/US2840362A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J11/00—Devices for conducting smoke or fumes, e.g. flues 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/07—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q13/00—Igniters not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2700/00—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel
    • F23B2700/023—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel with various arrangements not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • non-combustion-supporting atmosphere is herein employed with reference to those gaseous atmospheres which are incapable of supplyingoxygen to a flame in such quantities as to permit efficient and relatively complete combustion.
  • the atmosphere may be non-combustion-supporting by reason of its being so deficient in free oxygen as to be incapable of supplying the oxygen required for the maintenance of a flame;
  • the atmosphere may contain a high concentration of combustible. constituents, such asCO and Atmospheres of smoke, along'with some free oxygen. the latter type are non-combustion-supporting for the reabustion-supporting atmosphere with relative ease.
  • the solution of providing a pressure type aspirator burner is not always acceptable because of the added ex-' sacred and complexity of the equipment.
  • the present invention permits the use of a! conventional burner of the type which requires a combustion-supporting atmosphere for efiicient operation, and thereby obviates the need for complex or in any way expensive equipment.
  • -It is"a further object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for operating a burner of the" type which requires "a combustion-supporting atmosphere within a confined passageway in which non-combustionsupporting gases areflowing under negative draft.
  • Fig.1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention taken along the lines 1--1 of Fig. 2..
  • Fig. 2' is a viewtaken along the lines 2-2 of Fig; 1.
  • FIG. 3 is aperspective view, with parts broken away, showing the embodiment illustrated in Figs.1 and 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • the eflicient operation of a burner located int a stream of non-combustion-supporting gases flowing ina passageway under negative draft is made possible by operating the burner in an enveloping streamof aim drawn into thepassageway from the atmosphere by virtue of the negative draft existing therein.
  • Theproducts of combustion from the'burner are subsequently intermixed with the stream of gases to be heated,
  • Atmospheres which are non-combustion-supporting by reason of oxygen deficiency exist, for example, in heat treating ovens and the like in which it is necessaryto maintain a neutral or mildly reducing atmosphere. Such atmospheres do not, of course, contain oxygen, and cannot therefore support a flame from a burner. Atmospheres which are non-combustion-suppor'ting by reason of the presence of combustible constituents along with some free oxygen exist, for example, in flue gases from an incomplete combustion process such as might be carried out in an incinerator. With either type of non-combustion-supporting atmosphere, it is virtually impossible to eflicently operate a burneriof'the type which produces a flame that takespart' of its oxygen from the surrounding.
  • the presentinvention has the additional advantage that the burnin'gfof I the gaseous mixture of fuel and air-takes place-in a relatively quiet atmosphere, that is, an atmosphere un-' disturbed by turbulence such as may sometimes 'existfi'n a flue or other gas' conducting passage.
  • the flame of the burner can readily be maintained, and is not-subject to extingiiishment by virtue of the moving gas'stream being heated.
  • a conventional inspirator type burner designated by the reference numeral 10 which 'is mounted within apa'ssage way (such as a flue) 12.-'Ahousing, broadly'designated j .by'.the reference numeral14,"is secure'dto the inside of” the flue '12 by means of fasteners 16, and encloses the? head 18 of the burner.”
  • a gasfuel line ZO'enters the burner through a plate 26 and terminatesin a restricted f orifice 22 contained within the delivery tube 24 of the ⁇ burner. The end ofthis delivery tube is 'closed'by plate;.
  • delivery tube is constricted as at 25 to permit inspiration of air through ports 28 on the venturi princip1e.
  • T he delivery tube 2 4 conducts .the mixture of primary air and 1 gaseous fuel to the burner head 18, whichas noted above,-, is disposed within the housing 14.
  • the head 18' (shown inphantom in Fig. 3) icomprises a, generally rectangular? member having centrally..located apertures.:30,' and "is;
  • the housing 14 as shown in Figs. 1 to 3 is in the disclosed embodiment of the invention rectangular inshape
  • the top of the housing 14 is openas shown clearly in Fig. 3, so that the housing in effect comprises an open top vessel or container for the burner head.
  • the open end of housing 14 faces downstream with reference to the flow of gases within the passageway 12 as indicated by the arrows and a battle .44 in the form of a canopy supported as by supports 46 above this month contributes to the intermixing of gases flowing frorn the housing 14 and gasesflqwing in the flue 12.
  • One wall of the housing is. provided with an air inlet 38 shown in Figs. l-3,'which communicates from the interior of the housing with the atmosphere. This inlet permits the entryof; air intothe interior of the housing 14 at a point preferably below the burner head 18..
  • a secondopening 40 is provided for the purpose of lighting theburner head 18 from the outside of the passageway 12. This opening is provided with a hinged closure 42 or other such device.
  • a pilot burner 58'and a control element 60 (often referred to as a pilotstat).
  • the burner 58 andcontrol element 60 are provided with lines. 59 and 61 respectively which are connected to a control valve. 62 in fuel line 20.
  • Line 59 provides a continuous supply of fuel to pilot burner 58 from fuel line 20; however, if the pilot flame 56 shonldv be extinguished, valve 62 will be automatically closed by virtue of pilotstat 60.
  • Valve 62fis provided with a plunger 63manual1y depressibleto permita flow of,fuel in line 59to pilot burner 58 duringinitial lighting of the pilot flame. Once started, the pilot flame maintains pilctstat 60 at the requisite temperature to permit a continuing flow of fuel to the pilot burner.
  • valve .54 in line located downstream from valve 62, This valve is actuated'by a solenoid 52 which is controlled ,by a thermalswitch 48 acting through a source of electrical power50.
  • thermal switch 48 is disposed downstream within passageway 12 with reference to housing 14. This switch can be adapted to cut off the supply of fuel to burner '10 in the event that the temperature of the non-combustion-supporting gases exceeds a predetermined ,rninimum' level] such that the operation of burnerv 10 is not necessary.
  • a manually controlled valve 64 is provided in fuel line 20 forthe-purpose of cutting ,off' the supply of fuel to both the main'burner .10 and pilot burner 58,. This valve is closed only when it is desired to. render the apparatus completely. inoperative.
  • Thebprner 10 of the "embodiment of Figs. 1-3 is of the conventional inspirator type which is adapted to operatewithgaseous fuel under relatively low. pressure, for example the fuel commonly supplied for domestic use which is usually under a pressure of less than 1 p. s. i. gage. In the operation of such burners the fuel issues as a jet into the venturi throat and inspirates air (commonly termedprimary air) from theatrnosphere. The amount of primary air so inspirated isnot, however, sufficientto supply the needs for efficient and complete combustion of the fuel. This fuel-primary air mixture flows through.
  • the delivery tube 24 of the burner and is delivered to.
  • n-combustion-supporting gases are the air stream separate from the stream of non-combustion-supporting gases.
  • the air stream flows upwardly within housing 14 around theburner head 18 and through the openings 30 so that the flame at ports 32 is at all times enveloped in a stream of fresh air from the atmosphere.
  • the products of combustion of this burning flow upwardly, as indicated by the arrows, and are deflected by the baflle 44 into the stream of gases flowing in the passageway 12.
  • The. non-combustion-supporting gases are diverted around and kept out of contact with the burner head by the housing 14 as indicated by the arrows in the drawings.
  • the baflle member 44 of the instant invention provides for eflicient mixing of the combustion, products. with the gases flowing within the confined passageway 12. As indicated by the arrows in the drawings, this baflie deflects the combustion products into the path of. the gases, and thereby prevents stratification of the combustion products on the one hand and the flue gases on the other. This baflle, therefore, assures uniform mixing and a uniform temperature inthe heated flue gases.
  • the amount of air admittedthrough the inlet 33 should beregulated to provide sufficient secondary air for eflicient burning of the fuel, but should not be excessive since its diluting elfect will otherwise militate against the desired purpose of effecting a temperature increase in the gas stream flowing within the confined passageway 12.
  • the amount of air drawn through inlet 38 will be determined in part by the size of this inlet, and in part bythe amount ofnegative draft existing in the passageway including the draft generated by the flames from burner ports 32.
  • the amount of air from this source required for eflicient operation of the burner will be dependent upon such factors as the amount of primary air inspiratcd and the composition of the particular fuel suppliedby the fuel line 20.
  • an adjustable shutter may be provided over inlet 38. for the purpose of permitting adjustment of the amountiof secondary air admitted.
  • gas supplied for domestic use is, of course, under a relatively low positive pressure, usually less than 1 p. s. i. gage.
  • the amount of primary air inspirated is ordinarily insufficient to provide for efiicient combustion of the fuel, or even to sustain a flame in a non-combustion-supporting atmosphere, and accordingly relatively large quantities of secondary air must be provided.
  • the present invention is applicable to virtually any circumstances where gases are flowing within a confined passageway under a negative draft.
  • the term negative draf as herein employed is intended to include those situations where the non-combustion-supporting gases are flowing under a pressure less than atmospheric pressure, and to exclude those situations where the gases are flowing under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure.
  • the operation of the invention depends upon a flow of suificient secondary air through the inlet 38 and around the burner head 18 in order to provide the proper environment for the burning of the flame. If the gases flowing within the confined passageway 12 were under a positive pressure, that is, a pressure above atmospheric pressure, these gases would flow downwardly into the housing 14 and out of the inlet 38.
  • Fig. 4 discloses an alternative embodiment in which both the primary and secondary air is admitted into the interior of the housing 14a.
  • the reference numerals employed in the following description of the embodiment of Fig. 4 are the same as the numerals used in the embodiment of Figs. 1-3 with the addition of the letter a.
  • Corresponding numerals in the two embodiments refer to corresponding parts.
  • the housing 14a surrounds a burner 10a; however, as contradistinguished from the embodiment of Figs. 1-3, the burner of Fig. 4 generally comprises burner head in the form of a toroidal tube 1811 provided with burning ports 32a.
  • Branch lines 24a conduct fuel from the throat 27a of the burner to the toroidal head 18a.
  • the throat is constructed to effect inspiration of primary air, on the venturi principle, through ports 28:: provided on a plate 26a which closes the lower end of the throat.
  • Fuel line 20a terminates in a nozzle 22a disposed within this throat.
  • the entire burner 10a is mounted within the housing by braces 65a which are secured as by welding or bolting to the housing walls 34a.
  • the embodiment of Fig. 4 is in other respects similar to the embodiment of Figs. 1-3 in the provision of the mouth 38a, lighting port 40a, baflle 44a and other elements common to both embodiments. In the interest of clarity the fuel controls and pilot lighting system are not shown, although these components can, of course, be provided.
  • the operation of the embodiment of Fig. 4 differs from the operation of the embodiment of Figs. l-3 in that all of the air required for burning (both primary and secondary) is admitted through the inlet 38a.
  • the primary air is, of course, inspirated within the housing by 6 means of the inspirator of the burner 10a, .while the secondary air by-passesthe inspirator and flows upwardly in enveloping relationship to burnerhead 18a.
  • the embodimentof Fig. 4 as is apparent from the drawings, is more compact than the embodiment of Figs. 1-3, and, moreover, precludes the necessity for having an inspirator disposed exteriorly of the passageway 12.
  • housings 14 (Figs. l3), 14a (Fig. 4) might be provided with curved rather than flat surfaces.
  • a housing having such curved surfaces would offer less resistance to the stream of non-combustion-supporting gases flowing within the fine, and would have less tendency to cause turbulence or in any other manner interfere with the draft within the passageway.
  • an inspirator type burner it is understood that the principles of the invention are applicable with other types of burners V which can be efficiently operated only in a combustionsupporting atmosphere.
  • Apparatus for heating a stream of non-combustionsupporting gases flowing under negative draft within a confined passageway comprising an inspirator type burner, said burner having a burner head disposed within said passageway, said burner head being provided with a plurality of burner ports, a fuel supply line for supplying a gaseous fuel to said burner head, air supply ports opening into said fuel supply line permitting the inspiration of primary combustion air into said fuel line, a housing surrounding said burner head and having external surfaces adapted to divert said stream of non-combustion supporting gases around said burner head whereby flames issuing from said burner head are shielded from said stream of non-combustion-supporting gases, at least one opening communicating with the interior of said housing adjacent said burner head and permitting the flow of a separate stream of air from the atmosphere to the interior of said housing, said air opening being located down-stream from said burner head with respect to the flow of air through said housing whereby said air flows into said housing and around said burner head in enveloping relationship thereto and thus supplies secondary air to the flame at said burner ports

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
US434576A 1954-04-13 1954-06-04 Apparatus for heating gases Expired - Lifetime US2840362A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA627140A CA627140A (en) 1954-04-13 Incinerating apparatus and method
US434576A US2840362A (en) 1954-04-13 1954-06-04 Apparatus for heating gases
GB10679/55A GB782705A (en) 1954-04-13 1955-04-13 Improvements in or relating to incinerating apparatus and method
FR1136769D FR1136769A (fr) 1954-04-13 1955-04-13 Dispositif et procédé d'incinération

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA627140T
US1136769XA 1954-04-13 1954-04-13
US434576A US2840362A (en) 1954-04-13 1954-06-04 Apparatus for heating gases

Publications (1)

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US2840362A true US2840362A (en) 1958-06-24

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US434576A Expired - Lifetime US2840362A (en) 1954-04-13 1954-06-04 Apparatus for heating gases

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US (1) US2840362A (fr)
CA (1) CA627140A (fr)
FR (1) FR1136769A (fr)
GB (1) GB782705A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3082995A (en) * 1960-12-21 1963-03-26 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for heating blast furnace stoves
US3116915A (en) * 1961-01-06 1964-01-07 Midland Ross Corp Method and apparatus for heating fluids
US3233883A (en) * 1963-08-27 1966-02-08 Pyrofax Gas Corp Tobacco curing system

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3056467A (en) * 1958-02-21 1962-10-02 Hupp Corp Methods and apparatus for control of combustion products
US3043248A (en) * 1958-07-28 1962-07-10 Locke Stove Company Incinerator
US3248178A (en) * 1964-05-06 1966-04-26 Cornell Hoskinson Mfg Waste products combustion apparatus

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1301324A (en) * 1918-11-29 1919-04-22 Schlatter Frorath Co Device for producing hot air.
US1528816A (en) * 1922-09-20 1925-03-10 William W Cummings Incinerator
US1773256A (en) * 1928-10-02 1930-08-19 Breitwieser Edward Deodorizer for incinerators
US1863391A (en) * 1930-01-13 1932-06-14 Drying Systems Inc Heater
US2066524A (en) * 1935-03-23 1937-01-05 Charles L Gehnrich Unit heater for hot gases
US2231445A (en) * 1939-10-23 1941-02-11 Herbert L Grapp Heating device
US2444588A (en) * 1944-02-19 1948-07-06 Wright Drying method
US2583736A (en) * 1946-02-23 1952-01-29 Selas Corp Of America Gas heater

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1301324A (en) * 1918-11-29 1919-04-22 Schlatter Frorath Co Device for producing hot air.
US1528816A (en) * 1922-09-20 1925-03-10 William W Cummings Incinerator
US1773256A (en) * 1928-10-02 1930-08-19 Breitwieser Edward Deodorizer for incinerators
US1863391A (en) * 1930-01-13 1932-06-14 Drying Systems Inc Heater
US2066524A (en) * 1935-03-23 1937-01-05 Charles L Gehnrich Unit heater for hot gases
US2231445A (en) * 1939-10-23 1941-02-11 Herbert L Grapp Heating device
US2444588A (en) * 1944-02-19 1948-07-06 Wright Drying method
US2583736A (en) * 1946-02-23 1952-01-29 Selas Corp Of America Gas heater

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3082995A (en) * 1960-12-21 1963-03-26 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for heating blast furnace stoves
US3116915A (en) * 1961-01-06 1964-01-07 Midland Ross Corp Method and apparatus for heating fluids
US3233883A (en) * 1963-08-27 1966-02-08 Pyrofax Gas Corp Tobacco curing system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1136769A (fr) 1957-05-20
GB782705A (en) 1957-09-11
CA627140A (en) 1961-09-12

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