US2829101A - Sulfurized cutting oil compositions - Google Patents

Sulfurized cutting oil compositions Download PDF

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US2829101A
US2829101A US405050A US40505054A US2829101A US 2829101 A US2829101 A US 2829101A US 405050 A US405050 A US 405050A US 40505054 A US40505054 A US 40505054A US 2829101 A US2829101 A US 2829101A
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oil
cutting
sulfur
mineral oil
sulfurized
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Rinse Jacobus
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Sulfo Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
    • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
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    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
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    • C10M2201/042—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
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    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/043—Sulfur; Selenenium; Tellurium
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    • C10M2203/022—Well-defined aliphatic compounds saturated
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2203/024—Well-defined aliphatic compounds unsaturated
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
    • C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
    • C10M2211/022—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aliphatic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

  • This invention relates to sulfurized cutting oils and more specifically to such oils of improved properties in which the suspension of the finely divided sulfur is caused and maintained by the presence of a small amount of an ester of hydroxy stearic acid.
  • Cutting oils of the type here involved are described in the United States patent of Victor R. Abrams, No. 2,157,379, the sulfur being suspended in the cutting oil base by means of a hydrogenated castor oil wax which provides a free flowing gelatinous mass. Although these cutting oils serve their intended purpose quite well, they do not provide ideal performance, particularly in rela tion to sedimentation. In addition, the suspending agent is of limited availability. Other cutting oils used in industry are even more deficient as to this sedimentation quality.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide cutting oils having highly efiective improved properties. Another object is to produce cutting oils which remain stable and homogeneous over long periods of time and which are capable of substantial dilution with mineral oil without loss, or appreciable loss, of stability.
  • the sulfurized cutting oils of the present invention are composed of a mineral oil base, finely divided sulfur and a suspending agent composed of an ester of any of the hydroxy stearic acids known to industry among which there may be mentioned the alphaand beta-hydroxy, and the 10-, 11-, and 12-hydroxy stearic acids. These are esterified with a mono-, or a polyvalent alcohol preferably those of low and intermediate chain length as up to eight carbon atoms to provide a monoester. Specifically, there may be utilized esters from aliphatic alcohols as methyl, hexyl, and ethylene glycol; aromatic alcohols such as benzyl; and cyclic alcohols such as cyclohexanol.
  • hydroxy fatty acids may be derived by any of the known processes, and can be satisfactorily prepared either by hydroxylating stearic acid or by separation from castor oil.
  • the alcohol used must produce esters of the acids which are sufliciently soluble in mineral oil.
  • the oil base or of the sulfur components is required either as to quality or proportions.
  • the usual mineral or petroleum oils are contemplated, as those having a viscosity of 100-300 seconds.
  • the sulfur component flowers of sulfur and other finely divided sulfurs of particle sizes known to be suitable in providing cutting oils, are contemplated.
  • the sulfur content of the cutting oil will usually amount to from about 1 to 10%, but the oil can be diluted further by the addition of more of the mineral oil base.
  • novel cutting oils of the present invention composed predominantly of the mineral oil base require only a small amount of the ester to produce and maintain the suspension of the sulfur.
  • the proportion required in any particular formulation depends upon the viscosity of the oil, the proportion and particle size of United States Patent 2,829,101 Patented Apr. 1,1958
  • the sulfur, the suspending power of the particular ester used and the conditions of use intended for the cutting oil can be determined by test.
  • the amount added should be large enough to effect the stable suspension without at the same time preventing the degree of free flow required of the cutting oil during the intended use. Usually a proportion amounting to about 2 to 10 percent gives desirable results. 7
  • the sulfurized cutting oils may be compounded without difiiculty in any stirring or agitating device.
  • the components may be added in any order but a procedure serving well involves first dispersing the ester in the mineral oil and then adding the finely divided sulfur as such or dispersed in a lighter or a heavier hydrocarbon oil.
  • cutting oils of the invention serve well their intended purposes without any additions, it is realized that for specific reasons arising in their use throughout the industry it will be desirable to add other components, as lard oil or other animal oils; vegetable oils, as cotton seed oil, rosin or rosin oil; hydrogenated oils, turpentine, carbon tetrachloride, kerosene, sulphonated lard oil, soaps or even water or graphite.
  • Example 1 To parts of mineral oil (200 sec. vise.) there are added 5 parts of methyl l2-hydroxy stearate. The mixture is heated until a completely homogeneous mass is obtained. T hereupon, 15 parts of flowers of sulfur are mixed in and a paste is obtained which remains homogeneous during storage. When it is to be used as a cutting oil, it can be diluted with -200% of its weight with additional mineral oil.
  • Example 2 To 6.25 parts of ethylene glycolate of 10-, 11- or 12- hydroxy stearic acid, there are added 250 parts of mineral oil (100 sec. visc.). The mixture is heated until a homogeneous mass is obtained. After the mass cools, 25 parts of sulfur are added and stirred in. The resulting suspension remains homogeneous for more than six weeks. It can be diluted with an equal weight of the same cutting mineral oil base and the sulfur will not settle out from the suspension formed even if stored for an additional six weeks.
  • Example 3 Twelve and one-half parts of butylhydroxy stearate are dissolved by mixing in 250 parts of hot mineral oil (200 sec. visc.). After the mass cools, 25 parts of flowers of sulfur are added and stirred in. The resulting suspension remains stable for a period of more than six weeks and performs well as a cutting oil after dilution with two times up to as much as five times more mineral oil.
  • a sulfurized cutting oil comprising a mineral oil having the propertiesrequired for use in cutting oils containing finely divided sulfur suspended therein by the presence of a small amount of an ester of hydroxy stearic acid having up to eight carbon atoms in the esterifying radical.
  • a stable, free-flowing, sulfurized cutting oil comprising a cutting oil base composed of mineral oil, flowers of sulfur suspended therein and a suspending agent consisting of a mono-ester of hydroxy stearic acid in a quantity which stably suspends said sulfur particles while permitting free flow of the cutting oil during use.
  • a sulfurized cutting oil comprising a mineral oil having the properties required for use in cutting oils containing finely divided sulfur suspended therein by the presence of a small amount of a lower molecular alkyl ester of hydroxy stearic acid.
  • a sulfurized cutting oil comprising a mineral oil having the properties required for use in cutting oils containing finely divided sulfur suspended therein by the presence of a small amount of the butyl ester of hydroxy stearic acid.
  • a sulfurized cutting oil comprising a mineral oil having the properties required for use in cutting oils containing finely divided sulfur suspended therein by the presence of a small amount of the ethylene glycolate of hydroxy stearic acid.
  • a sulfurized cutting oil comprising a mineral oil having the properties required for use in cutting oils containing finely divided sulfur suspended therein by the presence of a small amount of the methyl ester of hydroxy stearic acid.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Description

SULFURIZED CUTTING OIL COMPOSITIONS Jacobus Rinse, Bernardsville, N. J assignor to Sulfo-Inc., Elizabeth, N. J., a corporation of New .lersey No Drawing. Application January 19, 1954 Serial No. 405,050
6 Claims. (Cl. 252-31) This invention relates to sulfurized cutting oils and more specifically to such oils of improved properties in which the suspension of the finely divided sulfur is caused and maintained by the presence of a small amount of an ester of hydroxy stearic acid.
Cutting oils of the type here involved are described in the United States patent of Victor R. Abrams, No. 2,157,379, the sulfur being suspended in the cutting oil base by means of a hydrogenated castor oil wax which provides a free flowing gelatinous mass. Although these cutting oils serve their intended purpose quite well, they do not provide ideal performance, particularly in rela tion to sedimentation. In addition, the suspending agent is of limited availability. Other cutting oils used in industry are even more deficient as to this sedimentation quality.
An object of the present invention is to provide cutting oils having highly efiective improved properties. Another object is to produce cutting oils which remain stable and homogeneous over long periods of time and which are capable of substantial dilution with mineral oil without loss, or appreciable loss, of stability.
The sulfurized cutting oils of the present invention are composed of a mineral oil base, finely divided sulfur and a suspending agent composed of an ester of any of the hydroxy stearic acids known to industry among which there may be mentioned the alphaand beta-hydroxy, and the 10-, 11-, and 12-hydroxy stearic acids. These are esterified with a mono-, or a polyvalent alcohol preferably those of low and intermediate chain length as up to eight carbon atoms to provide a monoester. Specifically, there may be utilized esters from aliphatic alcohols as methyl, hexyl, and ethylene glycol; aromatic alcohols such as benzyl; and cyclic alcohols such as cyclohexanol.
These hydroxy fatty acids may be derived by any of the known processes, and can be satisfactorily prepared either by hydroxylating stearic acid or by separation from castor oil. The alcohol used must produce esters of the acids which are sufliciently soluble in mineral oil.
No change from known practices as to the nature of the oil base or of the sulfur components is required either as to quality or proportions. As to the oil, the usual mineral or petroleum oils are contemplated, as those having a viscosity of 100-300 seconds. As to the sulfur component, flowers of sulfur and other finely divided sulfurs of particle sizes known to be suitable in providing cutting oils, are contemplated. The sulfur content of the cutting oil will usually amount to from about 1 to 10%, but the oil can be diluted further by the addition of more of the mineral oil base.
The novel cutting oils of the present invention composed predominantly of the mineral oil base require only a small amount of the ester to produce and maintain the suspension of the sulfur. The proportion required in any particular formulation depends upon the viscosity of the oil, the proportion and particle size of United States Patent 2,829,101 Patented Apr. 1,1958
the sulfur, the suspending power of the particular ester used and the conditions of use intended for the cutting oil, and can be determined by test. The amount added, of course, should be large enough to effect the stable suspension without at the same time preventing the degree of free flow required of the cutting oil during the intended use. Usually a proportion amounting to about 2 to 10 percent gives desirable results. 7
The sulfurized cutting oils may be compounded without difiiculty in any stirring or agitating device. The components may be added in any order but a procedure serving well involves first dispersing the ester in the mineral oil and then adding the finely divided sulfur as such or dispersed in a lighter or a heavier hydrocarbon oil.
Although the cutting oils of the invention serve well their intended purposes without any additions, it is realized that for specific reasons arising in their use throughout the industry it will be desirable to add other components, as lard oil or other animal oils; vegetable oils, as cotton seed oil, rosin or rosin oil; hydrogenated oils, turpentine, carbon tetrachloride, kerosene, sulphonated lard oil, soaps or even water or graphite.
Example 1 To parts of mineral oil (200 sec. vise.) there are added 5 parts of methyl l2-hydroxy stearate. The mixture is heated until a completely homogeneous mass is obtained. T hereupon, 15 parts of flowers of sulfur are mixed in and a paste is obtained which remains homogeneous during storage. When it is to be used as a cutting oil, it can be diluted with -200% of its weight with additional mineral oil.
Example 2 To 6.25 parts of ethylene glycolate of 10-, 11- or 12- hydroxy stearic acid, there are added 250 parts of mineral oil (100 sec. visc.). The mixture is heated until a homogeneous mass is obtained. After the mass cools, 25 parts of sulfur are added and stirred in. The resulting suspension remains homogeneous for more than six weeks. It can be diluted with an equal weight of the same cutting mineral oil base and the sulfur will not settle out from the suspension formed even if stored for an additional six weeks.
Example 3 Twelve and one-half parts of butylhydroxy stearate are dissolved by mixing in 250 parts of hot mineral oil (200 sec. visc.). After the mass cools, 25 parts of flowers of sulfur are added and stirred in. The resulting suspension remains stable for a period of more than six weeks and performs well as a cutting oil after dilution with two times up to as much as five times more mineral oil.
It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific compounds or materials disclosed herein but that it extends to all equivalents which will occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the terms of the claims appended hereto.
I claim:
1. A sulfurized cutting oil comprising a mineral oil having the propertiesrequired for use in cutting oils containing finely divided sulfur suspended therein by the presence of a small amount of an ester of hydroxy stearic acid having up to eight carbon atoms in the esterifying radical.
2. A stable, free-flowing, sulfurized cutting oil comprising a cutting oil base composed of mineral oil, flowers of sulfur suspended therein and a suspending agent consisting of a mono-ester of hydroxy stearic acid in a quantity which stably suspends said sulfur particles while permitting free flow of the cutting oil during use.
3. A sulfurized cutting oil comprising a mineral oil having the properties required for use in cutting oils containing finely divided sulfur suspended therein by the presence of a small amount of a lower molecular alkyl ester of hydroxy stearic acid.
4. A sulfurized cutting oil comprising a mineral oil having the properties required for use in cutting oils containing finely divided sulfur suspended therein by the presence of a small amount of the butyl ester of hydroxy stearic acid.
5. A sulfurized cutting oil comprising a mineral oil having the properties required for use in cutting oils containing finely divided sulfur suspended therein by the presence of a small amount of the ethylene glycolate of hydroxy stearic acid.
6. A sulfurized cutting oil comprising a mineral oil having the properties required for use in cutting oils containing finely divided sulfur suspended therein by the presence of a small amount of the methyl ester of hydroxy stearic acid.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,913,300 Abrams June 6, 1933 2,157,379 Abrams May 9, 1939 FOREIGN PATENTS 329,266 Great Britain May S, 1930 OTHER REFERENCES Synthetic Detergents, by McCutcheon, MacNair- Dorland Co., New York, N. Y., 1950, pages 46 and 47.
Gregory: Uses and Application of Chemicals and Related Materials, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, N. Y., 1939, vol. 1, page. 322.

Claims (1)

1. A SULFURIZED CUTTING OIL COMPRISING A MINERAL OIL HAVING THE PROPERTIES REQUIRED FOR USE IN CUTTING OILS CONTAINING FINELY DIVIDED SULFUR SUSPENDED THEREIN BY THE PRESENCE OF A SMALL AMOUNT OF AN ESTER OF HYDROXY STEARIC SAID HAVING UP TO EIGHT CARBON ATOMS IN THE ESTERIFYING RADICAL.
US405050A 1954-01-19 1954-01-19 Sulfurized cutting oil compositions Expired - Lifetime US2829101A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4605507A (en) * 1983-11-18 1986-08-12 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Processes for making a sulfur suspension and a sulfurized cutting fluid

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB329266A (en) * 1928-11-05 1930-05-05 Goldschmidt Ag Th Process of producing emulsions
US1913300A (en) * 1932-04-05 1933-06-06 Arthur H Ballard Sulphur lubricant
US2157379A (en) * 1936-06-10 1939-05-09 Sulflo Corp Of America Suspensions for lubricating and other purposes

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB329266A (en) * 1928-11-05 1930-05-05 Goldschmidt Ag Th Process of producing emulsions
US1913300A (en) * 1932-04-05 1933-06-06 Arthur H Ballard Sulphur lubricant
US2157379A (en) * 1936-06-10 1939-05-09 Sulflo Corp Of America Suspensions for lubricating and other purposes

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4605507A (en) * 1983-11-18 1986-08-12 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Processes for making a sulfur suspension and a sulfurized cutting fluid

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