US2827374A - Articles produced by powder metallurgy and method of producing same - Google Patents

Articles produced by powder metallurgy and method of producing same Download PDF

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Publication number
US2827374A
US2827374A US641832A US64183257A US2827374A US 2827374 A US2827374 A US 2827374A US 641832 A US641832 A US 641832A US 64183257 A US64183257 A US 64183257A US 2827374 A US2827374 A US 2827374A
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United States
Prior art keywords
powder metallurgy
articles produced
producing same
mesh
compact
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Expired - Lifetime
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US641832A
Inventor
Frank X Mccawley
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Chicago Dev Corp
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Chicago Dev Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to US641832A priority Critical patent/US2827374A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C22B34/14—Obtaining zirconium or hafnium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
    • C22B34/1295—Refining, melting, remelting, working up of titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
    • C22C1/0458—Alloys based on titanium, zirconium or hafnium

Definitions

  • Claim. (Cl. 75226) This invention relates to articles produced by powder metallurgy technique and methods of producing them. It relates in particular to such articles of titanium and zirconium. It has for its object methods of producing such compacts with greatly improved mechanical prcp- 3 The applicant not aware of any tltanium or zirconium powder finer than mesh having an oxygen content below .10%.
  • My invention consists in taking a powder preferably through 30 mesh on 60 mesh which powder is composed of individual filamentary particles, from l.0-23.0 mils diameter and 200-250.0 mils length.
  • the material for my invention is characterized by high purity containing less than .03% oxygen and substantially no other impurities.
  • the particles of the compact will be oriented.
  • Such an oriented compact may be further compacted cold or hot to produce an article of improved properties as will be illustrated by examples.
  • the material as described for my invention may be produced in several ways. I prefer the following:
  • I pass a direct current from a comminuted anode of the pure metal to be produced in powder form to an iron cathode, both immersed in an electrolyte held at 800 C. and composed of sodium chloride in which is dissolved 5% of the metal to be produced in powder form as chloride having an average valence of 2.5 and 0.5% free sodium.
  • the current passed is amperes per pound of comminuted anode material, said anode material being through an 8 mesh screen.
  • the cathode is an iron rod in diameter and spaced evenly 4" from the peripherally positioned comminuted anode.
  • the product is removed from the cathode, washed with dilute acid and broken up in a mixer provided with titanium surfaces.
  • Example II In this example, I use zirconium. I take the -30+60 fraction produced as described above. I pack this into a hollow cylindrical die having a molding cavity one inch in outer diameter providing walls inch thick for the compact. The length of the die is 20 inches and the compact is compressed by a suitable punch to a length of 5 inches. This hollow cylinder compact, 1" O. D., I. D. and 5" long is sintered in a vacuum of .2 micron at 1000 C. In this condition, it has a hardness of Brinell 82. This cylinder is suitable for swaging and drawing into tubing.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Description

ARTICLES PRODUCED BY POWDER METAL- LURGY AND NETHOD F PRUDUCING SAME Frank X. McCawley, Cheverly, Md., assignor to Chicago Development Corporation, Riverdale, Md.
No Drawing. Application February 25, 1957 Serial No. 641,832
1 Claim. (Cl. 75226) This invention relates to articles produced by powder metallurgy technique and methods of producing them. It relates in particular to such articles of titanium and zirconium. It has for its object methods of producing such compacts with greatly improved mechanical prcp- 3 The applicant not aware of any tltanium or zirconium powder finer than mesh having an oxygen content below .10%.
My invention consists in taking a powder preferably through 30 mesh on 60 mesh which powder is composed of individual filamentary particles, from l.0-23.0 mils diameter and 200-250.0 mils length.
The material for my invention is characterized by high purity containing less than .03% oxygen and substantially no other impurities.
It is also characterized by its packing density as determined with a Scott tester, a cubic inch of material compacted by free falling, weighs at least 26 grams and in this compact has substantially all the filamentary particles oriented in the same direction.
If the material is compacted into a steel die by free fall, the particles of the compact will be oriented.
Such an oriented compact may be further compacted cold or hot to produce an article of improved properties as will be illustrated by examples.
The material as described for my invention may be produced in several ways. I prefer the following:
I pass a direct current from a comminuted anode of the pure metal to be produced in powder form to an iron cathode, both immersed in an electrolyte held at 800 C. and composed of sodium chloride in which is dissolved 5% of the metal to be produced in powder form as chloride having an average valence of 2.5 and 0.5% free sodium. The current passed is amperes per pound of comminuted anode material, said anode material being through an 8 mesh screen.
The cathode is an iron rod in diameter and spaced evenly 4" from the peripherally positioned comminuted anode.
The product is removed from the cathode, washed with dilute acid and broken up in a mixer provided with titanium surfaces.
rates Patent 2,827,374 Fatented Mar. 18, 1958 Screening the product prepared in this way provides the following fractions:
Oxygen Content, Percent Packing Percent Total Density DON It may be explained that the greater purity of the desired fraction +30 is due to the material containing higher oxygen is slightly more frangible and therefore appears in the finer fraction. The coarser particles are really aggregates of the finer particles.
The procedure and product are identical for titanium and zirconium.
Example I Ultimate strength p.s.i 150,000
Yield strength p. s. i-.. 100,000
Elongation "percent" 30 Example II In this example, I use zirconium. I take the -30+60 fraction produced as described above. I pack this into a hollow cylindrical die having a molding cavity one inch in outer diameter providing walls inch thick for the compact. The length of the die is 20 inches and the compact is compressed by a suitable punch to a length of 5 inches. This hollow cylinder compact, 1" O. D., I. D. and 5" long is sintered in a vacuum of .2 micron at 1000 C. In this condition, it has a hardness of Brinell 82. This cylinder is suitable for swaging and drawing into tubing.
What is claimed is:
Process of making up into a compact a mass of elongated crystals of a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium and zirconium in alpha form, which crystals vary in screen size between minus 60 mesh and plus 30 mesh including a major portion having a screen size minus 30 mesh plus 60 mesh and consisting of filamentary particles having a purity of less than 0.03% 0 in which the average diameter of the individual crystals is within the range l-23 mils and the maximum dimension is within the range 20-250 mils, which comprises screening the crystals to discard the plus 30 mesh content and the minus 60 mesh content, loosely packing the minus 30 plus 60 mesh filamentary crystals in a die under conditions to at least partially orient the crystals in the die and to achieve a packing density of at least 26 grams per cubic inch, and thereafter compacting the crystals in the die under a pressure of from 10 to 200 tons per square inch and at a temperature of from 600 C. to room temperature, the pressure being inversely proportioual to the temperatur References Cited in the file of this patent The Electrochemical Society, Lilliendahl et al., paper presented at the 91st general meeting held at Louisville, Ky. April 1947; preprint 91-16. (Copies in Lib. and Div. 46.)
US641832A 1957-02-25 1957-02-25 Articles produced by powder metallurgy and method of producing same Expired - Lifetime US2827374A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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US641832A US2827374A (en) 1957-02-25 1957-02-25 Articles produced by powder metallurgy and method of producing same

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US641832A US2827374A (en) 1957-02-25 1957-02-25 Articles produced by powder metallurgy and method of producing same

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US2827374A true US2827374A (en) 1958-03-18

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0153296A2 (en) * 1984-02-03 1985-08-28 Bernd Dipl.-Ing. Kos Process and apparatus for treating scrap from the working of titanium parts

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0153296A2 (en) * 1984-02-03 1985-08-28 Bernd Dipl.-Ing. Kos Process and apparatus for treating scrap from the working of titanium parts
EP0153296A3 (en) * 1984-02-03 1988-03-23 Bernd Dipl.-Ing. Kos Process and apparatus for treating scrap from the working of titanium parts

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