US2819982A - Production of silver mirrors by volatilisation - Google Patents

Production of silver mirrors by volatilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
US2819982A
US2819982A US389156A US38915653A US2819982A US 2819982 A US2819982 A US 2819982A US 389156 A US389156 A US 389156A US 38915653 A US38915653 A US 38915653A US 2819982 A US2819982 A US 2819982A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
silver
filament
volatilisation
mirrors
production
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US389156A
Inventor
Westerveld Willem
Jan Willem Van Tyen
Haes Bartholomeus
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US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
    • C23C14/26—Vacuum evaporation by resistance or inductive heating of the source
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/06—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals
    • C03C17/09—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals by deposition from the vapour phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
    • C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
    • C03C2217/25—Metals
    • C03C2217/251—Al, Cu, Mg or noble metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
    • C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
    • C03C2218/15—Deposition methods from the vapour phase

Definitions

  • This methods permits of providing, for example, glass bulbs for electric incandescent lamps or bowls for reflectors with a reflecting surface.
  • a known limitation consists in that silver wets the filament poorly and contracts in drops so that the silver drops from the wire. It was suggested before to add to the filament or to the silver a third metal apt to improve the adherence of the silver and to cause it to flow out about the filament. It was suggested to use as the flux the metals of the eighth group and more particularly platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, iron, nickel and cobalt and also beryllium.
  • the flux used is silicon and this has the advantage that minute quantities, in the order ent of 0.1%, are sufficient, the wetting of the filament being quite satisfactory.
  • silicon satisfies the requirement that on volatisation it does not bring about any change in colour of the silver mirror.
  • pieces of a silver alloy containing for example 0.1% silicon may be introduced into a filament of tungsten, molybdenum or similar high melting point metal. When glowing this alloy will spread quite evenly throughout the surface of the filament.
  • a method of producing silver mirrors comprising the steps, introducing an alloy of silver and a minute amount of silicon into a metallic filament consisting essentially of a refractory metal having a high melting point, and heating to incandescence said filament to evaporate the silver therefrom and deposit said silver on the surface of a body placed in the vicinity of said filament thereby to form a silve mirror on said body.
  • a method of producing silver mirrors comprising the steps, introducing an alloy of silver and about 0.1% of silicon into a metallic filament consisting essentially of a refractory metal having a high melting point, and heating to incandescence said filament to evaporate the silver therefrom and deposit said silver on the surface of a body placed in the vicinity of said filament thereby to form a silver mirror on said body.
  • a method of producing silver mirrors comprising the steps, introducing an alloy of silver and about 0.1% of silicon into a metalic filament consisting essentially of a refractory metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum, and heating to incandescence said filament to evaporate the silver therefrom and deposit said silver on the surface of a body placed in the vicinity of said filament thereby to form a silver mirror on said body.

Description

Unite States PRODUCTION OF SILVER MIRRORS BY VOLATILISATION No Drawing. Application October 29, 1953 Serial No. 389,156
Claims priority, application Netherlands November 15, 1952 3 Claims. (Cl. 117-35) It has been suggested before to provide a method of producing silver mirrors by silver-coating and rendering incandescent a filament made of a metal having a very high melting point, such as tungsten or molybdenum. The article required to be coated with silver is then placed near the filament.
This methods permits of providing, for example, glass bulbs for electric incandescent lamps or bowls for reflectors with a reflecting surface.
A known limitation consists in that silver wets the filament poorly and contracts in drops so that the silver drops from the wire. It was suggested before to add to the filament or to the silver a third metal apt to improve the adherence of the silver and to cause it to flow out about the filament. It was suggested to use as the flux the metals of the eighth group and more particularly platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, iron, nickel and cobalt and also beryllium.
Even the use of these metals gives rise to difiiculties. It is true that precious metals, such as platinum have the desired effect, but the precentage to be added to the silver is comparatively high. The best results are obtained with a silver alloy containing from 5 to 15% of these metals. However, such alloys are far more expensive than the silver itself. Of the other metals a quantity of the order of 1% is added to the silver. The adherence of such alloys is comparatively poor and it may be necessary previously to coat thefilament entirely with such an alloy by galvanic means.
According to the invention the flux used is silicon and this has the advantage that minute quantities, in the order ent of 0.1%, are sufficient, the wetting of the filament being quite satisfactory. In addition, silicon satisfies the requirement that on volatisation it does not bring about any change in colour of the silver mirror.
For carrying out the method according to the invention pieces of a silver alloy containing for example 0.1% silicon may be introduced into a filament of tungsten, molybdenum or similar high melting point metal. When glowing this alloy will spread quite evenly throughout the surface of the filament.
What is claimed is:
1. A method of producing silver mirrors comprising the steps, introducing an alloy of silver and a minute amount of silicon into a metallic filament consisting essentially of a refractory metal having a high melting point, and heating to incandescence said filament to evaporate the silver therefrom and deposit said silver on the surface of a body placed in the vicinity of said filament thereby to form a silve mirror on said body.
2. A method of producing silver mirrors comprising the steps, introducing an alloy of silver and about 0.1% of silicon into a metallic filament consisting essentially of a refractory metal having a high melting point, and heating to incandescence said filament to evaporate the silver therefrom and deposit said silver on the surface of a body placed in the vicinity of said filament thereby to form a silver mirror on said body.
3. A method of producing silver mirrors comprising the steps, introducing an alloy of silver and about 0.1% of silicon into a metalic filament consisting essentially of a refractory metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten and molybdenum, and heating to incandescence said filament to evaporate the silver therefrom and deposit said silver on the surface of a body placed in the vicinity of said filament thereby to form a silver mirror on said body.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,079,784 Williams May 11, 1937 2,138,637 Leach Nov. 29, 1938 2,386,876 Ogle et al Oct. 16, 1945 2,424,085 Bergsteinsson July 15, 1947 2,450,340 Hensel et al. Sept. 28, 1948 2,450,850 Colbert et al. Oct. 5, 1948 2,450,856 Colbert et a1. Oct. 5, 1948

Claims (1)

1. A METHOD OF PRODUCING SILVER MIRRORS COMPRISING THE STEPS, INTRODUCING AN ALLOY OF SILVER AND A MINUTE AMOUNT OF SILICON INTO A METALLIC FILAMENT CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF A REFRACTORY METAL HAVING A HIGH MELTING POINT, AND HEATING TO INCANDESCENCE SAID FILAMENT TO EVAPORATE THE SILVER THEREFROM AND DEPOSIT SAID SILVER ON THE SURFACE OF A BODY PLACED IN THE VICINITY OF SAID FILAMENT THEREBY TO FORM A SILVE MIRROR ON SAID BODY.
US389156A 1952-11-15 1953-10-29 Production of silver mirrors by volatilisation Expired - Lifetime US2819982A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL78915T 1952-11-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2819982A true US2819982A (en) 1958-01-14

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US389156A Expired - Lifetime US2819982A (en) 1952-11-15 1953-10-29 Production of silver mirrors by volatilisation

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2819982A (en)
BE (1) BE524251A (en)
DE (1) DE928807C (en)
FR (1) FR1087152A (en)
GB (1) GB735009A (en)
NL (1) NL78915C (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2904451A (en) * 1957-12-05 1959-09-15 Gen Electric Vaporization coating process and alloy therefor
US5493170A (en) * 1994-09-09 1996-02-20 Philips Electronics North America Corporation High efficiency sealed beam reflector lamp
US5789847A (en) * 1994-09-09 1998-08-04 Philips Electronics North America Corporation High efficiency sealed beam reflector lamp with reflective surface of heat treated silver

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2975075A (en) * 1956-02-17 1961-03-14 Norman C Beese Method of evaporating metals

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2079784A (en) * 1933-01-19 1937-05-11 Robley C Williams Plating by thermal evaporation
US2138637A (en) * 1938-04-23 1938-11-29 Handy & Harman Alloys
US2386876A (en) * 1943-11-23 1945-10-16 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Method of coating surfaces with quartz
US2424085A (en) * 1943-08-11 1947-07-15 Shell Dev Supported silver catalyst and its preparation
US2450340A (en) * 1944-02-03 1948-09-28 Mallory & Co Inc P R Silver base alloy for metal evaporation
US2450850A (en) * 1946-12-03 1948-10-05 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Method of coating by evaporating metals
US2450856A (en) * 1946-12-03 1948-10-05 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Method of coating by evaporating metals

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2079784A (en) * 1933-01-19 1937-05-11 Robley C Williams Plating by thermal evaporation
US2138637A (en) * 1938-04-23 1938-11-29 Handy & Harman Alloys
US2424085A (en) * 1943-08-11 1947-07-15 Shell Dev Supported silver catalyst and its preparation
US2386876A (en) * 1943-11-23 1945-10-16 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Method of coating surfaces with quartz
US2450340A (en) * 1944-02-03 1948-09-28 Mallory & Co Inc P R Silver base alloy for metal evaporation
US2450850A (en) * 1946-12-03 1948-10-05 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Method of coating by evaporating metals
US2450856A (en) * 1946-12-03 1948-10-05 Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co Method of coating by evaporating metals

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2904451A (en) * 1957-12-05 1959-09-15 Gen Electric Vaporization coating process and alloy therefor
US5493170A (en) * 1994-09-09 1996-02-20 Philips Electronics North America Corporation High efficiency sealed beam reflector lamp
US5789847A (en) * 1994-09-09 1998-08-04 Philips Electronics North America Corporation High efficiency sealed beam reflector lamp with reflective surface of heat treated silver

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1087152A (en) 1955-02-22
BE524251A (en)
NL78915C (en)
DE928807C (en) 1955-06-10
GB735009A (en) 1955-08-10

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