US2817612A - Process and quenching bath for hardening steel articles - Google Patents
Process and quenching bath for hardening steel articles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2817612A US2817612A US381974A US38197453A US2817612A US 2817612 A US2817612 A US 2817612A US 381974 A US381974 A US 381974A US 38197453 A US38197453 A US 38197453A US 2817612 A US2817612 A US 2817612A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- bath
- dry
- weight
- hardening steel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process for hardening and treating steel to render it corrosion-proof and to a formula for a quench solution.
- steel may be treated by heating it to an elevated temperature and then quenching it in a bath of oil, water, or brine. Such a treatment hardens and strengthens the steel to a marked degree, but it would be desirable to have available a quench bath which is even superior to known quenching agents.
- a quenching bath is made up as follows:
- composition except for the water, may be mixed together and packaged as a dry mix, and the water added later.
- the bath of the present invention it is only necessary to heat the steel to the critical point and then plunge the steel into the bath. Ordinarily, the bath is maintained at room temperature although higher or lower temperatures may be used.
- Ordinary SAE -20 carbon steel has a tensile strength of about 50,000 p. s. i.
- such steel has a low C-Rockwell hardness.
- the tensile strength is increased to 198,300 pounds per square inch.
- the Rockwell hardness is increased to 42 on the C scale. Yield strength 37,400 lbs. When repeated, except that the temperature was 1,650 F., the ultimate strength was 137,400 lb. p. s. i.
- SAE 10-10 steel has been heated to 2,000 F. and quenched in the bath of the present invention, and the ultimate strength found to be 85,290 pounds per p. s. i.
- SAE 10-10 steel was heated to 1,850 F. and quenched in the bath of the present invention. It had an ultimate strength of 125,120 lb. 9. s. i.
- SAE 10-30 steel was heated to 1,850 F. and quenched and found to have an ultimate strength of 49,650 p. s. i.
- a quenching bath for hardening steel articles comprising the following in substantially the proportions named:
- a process for hardening steel comprising heating the steel to the critical point and immediately plunging it into a hath made in accordance with the following composition:
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Description
United States Patent 7 PROCESS AND QUENCHING BATH FOR HARDENING STEEL ARTICLES Joseph C. Brennan, Concord, Calif.
N0 Drawing. Application September 23, 1953 Serial No. 381,974
3 Claims. (Cl. 14828) This invention relates to a process for hardening and treating steel to render it corrosion-proof and to a formula for a quench solution.
It has long been known that steel may be treated by heating it to an elevated temperature and then quenching it in a bath of oil, water, or brine. Such a treatment hardens and strengthens the steel to a marked degree, but it would be desirable to have available a quench bath which is even superior to known quenching agents.
I have found that by quenching steel in a bath made in accordance with the present invention superior results are obtained as compared to conventional quenching baths with respect to the hardening and strengthening of the steel, but particularly have found that with the use of the bath of the present invention the steel is rendered corrosion-proof. After articles have been quenched in accordance with the present invention, they have a shiny surface which is highly desirable and which resists corrosion for long periods of time.
In accordance with the present invention, a quenching bath is made up as follows:
24 oz. sodium chloride, by weight-dry 19 oz. sodium hydroxide, by weight--dry 2 oz. sodium carbonate, by weight-dry 2 oz. sodium sulphate, by weight-dry 1 oz. alum, by weight-dry 1 gallon distilled water.
The above composition, except for the water, may be mixed together and packaged as a dry mix, and the water added later.
To use the bath of the present invention, it is only necessary to heat the steel to the critical point and then plunge the steel into the bath. Ordinarily, the bath is maintained at room temperature although higher or lower temperatures may be used.
Ordinary SAE -20 carbon steel has a tensile strength of about 50,000 p. s. i. In addition, such steel has a low C-Rockwell hardness. When a /2 bolt of such steel is heated to a temperature of about l,850 F. and quenched in the bath of the present invention, the tensile strength is increased to 198,300 pounds per square inch. The Rockwell hardness is increased to 42 on the C scale. Yield strength 37,400 lbs. When repeated, except that the temperature was 1,650 F., the ultimate strength was 137,400 lb. p. s. i.
SAE 10-10 steel has been heated to 2,000 F. and quenched in the bath of the present invention, and the ultimate strength found to be 85,290 pounds per p. s. i.
SAE 10-10 steel was heated to 1,850 F. and quenched in the bath of the present invention. It had an ultimate strength of 125,120 lb. 9. s. i.
2,817,612 Patented Dec. 24, 1957 SAE 41-40 was heated to l,850 F. and quenched in the bath of the present invention. It had a Rockwell C hardness of 67.
SAE 10-30 steel was heated to 1,850 F. and quenched and found to have an ultimate strength of 49,650 p. s. i.
Three samples of cast steel having carbon. contents of 0.12; 0.14 and 0.16% were heated to 1,650 F. and quenched in the bath of the present invention. Each had a Brinell hardness of 375 and the sample of 0.14% carbon content had a tensile strength of 180,000 lb. p. s. i.
In addition to the great increases in hardness, the steel was rendered shiny and corrosion-resistant. Although I have given the preferred formula for my hardening bath, it is to be understood that reasonable variations can be made in the composition Without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
I claim:
1. A quenching bath for hardening steel articles, comprising the following in substantially the proportions named:
24 oz. sodium chloride, by weight--dry 19 02. sodium hydroxide, by weightdry 2 02. sodium carbonate, by weight-dry 2 02. sodium sulphate, by weight-dry 1 oz. alum, by weight-dry 1 gallon distilled water.
2. A process for hardening steel comprising heating the steel to the critical point and immediately plunging it into a hath made in accordance with the following composition:
24 oz. sodium chloride, by weightdry 19 oz. sodium hydroxide, by weight-dry 2 02. sodium carbonate, by weight-dry 2 oz. sodium sulphate, by weight-dry 1 oz. alum, by weight--dry 1 gallon distilled water.
3. As a new composition of matter:
24 oz. sodium chloride, by weight--dry 19 02. sodium hydroxide, by weight-dry 2 oz. sodium carbonate, by weightdry 2 oz. sodium sulphate, by weightdry 1 oz. alum, by weight-dry References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 634,497 Fuller Oct. 10, 1899 829,031 Peck Aug. 21, 1906 2,271,375 MacKay Jan. 27, 1942 2,468,006 Webster Apr. 19, 1946 2,567,456 Webster Sept. 11, 1951 2,707,159 Foucry et al Apr. 26, 1955 FOREIGN PATENTS 253,016 Great Britain June 10, 1926 OTHER REFERENCES Transactions, American Institute of Mining Engineers, vol. 53, page 228, 1915.
Hardenability ot Alloy Steels by A. S. M., page 97, 1939.
The Quenching of Steels, by Frence, pages 156-161, 1930.
Claims (1)
1. A QUENCHING BATH FOR HARDENING STEEL ARTICLES, COMPRISING THE FOLLOWING IN SUBSTANTIALLY THE PROPORTIONS NAMED:
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US381974A US2817612A (en) | 1953-09-23 | 1953-09-23 | Process and quenching bath for hardening steel articles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US381974A US2817612A (en) | 1953-09-23 | 1953-09-23 | Process and quenching bath for hardening steel articles |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2817612A true US2817612A (en) | 1957-12-24 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US381974A Expired - Lifetime US2817612A (en) | 1953-09-23 | 1953-09-23 | Process and quenching bath for hardening steel articles |
Country Status (1)
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US (1) | US2817612A (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3314890A (en) * | 1965-04-09 | 1967-04-18 | Pennsalt Chemicals Corp | Alkali etching solution for aluminum |
US4243439A (en) * | 1976-10-19 | 1981-01-06 | Societe De Vente De L'aluminium Pechiney | Process of quenching metal pieces and product produced |
CN103484623A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2014-01-01 | 无锡阳工机械制造有限公司 | Deformed steel bar slow-release quenching agent |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US634497A (en) * | 1896-02-03 | 1899-10-10 | Harvey B Fuller | Wall-cleaning compound. |
US829031A (en) * | 1906-04-02 | 1906-08-21 | Judson R Peck | Compound. |
GB253016A (en) * | 1926-01-04 | 1926-06-10 | Frank Alexander Neher | Improvements in tempering baths and in mixtures for the same |
US2271375A (en) * | 1935-08-13 | 1942-01-27 | Rust Proofing Company | Process of coating metal surfaces |
US2468006A (en) * | 1948-06-23 | 1949-04-19 | J H Shoemaker | Electrolytic cleaning of metal |
US2567456A (en) * | 1947-04-07 | 1951-09-11 | J H Shoemaker | Metal cleaning composition and process |
US2707159A (en) * | 1947-02-19 | 1955-04-26 | Lubri Case Inc | Wear-resistant ferrous metal articles and their production |
-
1953
- 1953-09-23 US US381974A patent/US2817612A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US634497A (en) * | 1896-02-03 | 1899-10-10 | Harvey B Fuller | Wall-cleaning compound. |
US829031A (en) * | 1906-04-02 | 1906-08-21 | Judson R Peck | Compound. |
GB253016A (en) * | 1926-01-04 | 1926-06-10 | Frank Alexander Neher | Improvements in tempering baths and in mixtures for the same |
US2271375A (en) * | 1935-08-13 | 1942-01-27 | Rust Proofing Company | Process of coating metal surfaces |
US2707159A (en) * | 1947-02-19 | 1955-04-26 | Lubri Case Inc | Wear-resistant ferrous metal articles and their production |
US2567456A (en) * | 1947-04-07 | 1951-09-11 | J H Shoemaker | Metal cleaning composition and process |
US2468006A (en) * | 1948-06-23 | 1949-04-19 | J H Shoemaker | Electrolytic cleaning of metal |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3314890A (en) * | 1965-04-09 | 1967-04-18 | Pennsalt Chemicals Corp | Alkali etching solution for aluminum |
US4243439A (en) * | 1976-10-19 | 1981-01-06 | Societe De Vente De L'aluminium Pechiney | Process of quenching metal pieces and product produced |
CN103484623A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2014-01-01 | 无锡阳工机械制造有限公司 | Deformed steel bar slow-release quenching agent |
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