US1433408A - Process for treatment of metals - Google Patents

Process for treatment of metals Download PDF

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Publication number
US1433408A
US1433408A US465494A US46549421A US1433408A US 1433408 A US1433408 A US 1433408A US 465494 A US465494 A US 465494A US 46549421 A US46549421 A US 46549421A US 1433408 A US1433408 A US 1433408A
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United States
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ounces
metals
metal
bath
sodium sulphate
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US465494A
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Palmer Fred
Palmer Frank
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/40—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
    • C23C8/42—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being applied
    • C23C8/44—Carburising
    • C23C8/46—Carburising of ferrous surfaces

Definitions

  • FRED PALMER AND FRANK PALMER OF SPOKANE, WASHINGTUN.
  • This lnvention relates to an improved process for refimngmetal.
  • the primary object of the invention is the provision of a special liquid bath or solution, for quenchmg of heating metals,
  • a further object of the invention is the provision ofa liquid hath made fromthe subsequently described formula, and adapted for carburizing metals when. quenchedtherein.
  • a further object of the invention is the provision of a liquid solution of the above described character specifically adapted to simultaneously harden, toughen, and carburize mild steels, by their immersion therein, when heated to a critical temperature.
  • Sodium sulphate Na SO 2 ounces soeitm' chloride NaGl 8 ounces Potassium ferrocyanide (H lde WVater (H O) 1 gallon
  • the bath or solution is preferably used in connection with mild steels of varying carbon content, and which may have as high a carbon content as 1.1% or 1.2%.
  • a high degree of refinement and carburization of; this grade of metal has resulted from the precise use of the above proportioned formula, although the same maybe varied slightly to suit the analyses of the various ingredients; as where an alkali water is used, the sodium sulphate can be decreased proportionately.
  • the mild steel or other metal is first slowly heated throughout until it reaches its critical temperature, which takes place at a color glow of bright cherry red, rang- At this temperature the grain of the steel is refined until it possesses the finest structure which it is capable of assuming.
  • the metal is heated evenly throughout, it is taken from the furnace at its critical temperature, and suddenly quenched in a cold bath of the above set forth ingredients and proportions.
  • the bath preferably ranges from 40 to Fahrenheit; and is of sufficient quantity to evenly cool the metal throughout, without itself absorbing too much heat from the metal.
  • a liquid bath for treatment of metals comprising sodium sulphate, salt, potassium ferrocyanide, and water.
  • a liquid bath for treatment of metals comprising in proportion:
  • the method of carburizing metal which consists of heating saidmetal to its critical temperature and quenching in a liquid bath comprising in; proportion Sodium sulphate (Na SO "2 ounces Sodium chloride (NaCl) 8 ounces Potassium, ferrocyanide (K Fe(CN) -
  • the method'of producing a straight carbon steel, which consists in-heating a mild 1 ,assnoa steel to its critical temperature, and quenching the same in a bath of sodium sulphate, salt, potassium i'errocyanide, and water.
  • the method of producing a straight carbon steel which consists in heating a mild steel to its critical temperature and quenching the same in a liquid bath comprlsing in proportion Sodium sulphate (Nafith) 2 ounces Sodium chloride (NaCl) 8 ounces Potassium ferrocyanide (K Fe(CN) +3H O) 2 ounces ater (H O) 1 gallon 10.
  • the method of refining mild steels which consists in simultaneously hardening, toughening and carburizing said mild steel to produce a tool steel by heating said mild steel to its critical temperature and Sodium sulphate (Na SOQ "2 ounces Sodium chloride (NaCl) 8 ounces Potassium ferrocyanide (K,Fe(CN) ⁇ -3H O) 2 ounces ⁇ Vater (H O) 1 gallon 12.
  • the method of refining metals which consists in heating a metal to a bright cherry red color, and suddenly immersing the same in a cold bath of sodium sulphate, salt, potassium ferrocyanide and water.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)

Description

Patented on. 243-, rear.
1., the
lent
FRED PALMER AND FRANK PALMER, OF SPOKANE, WASHINGTUN.
PROCESS FORTREATMENT OF METALS.
No Drawing.
To aZlwhom it mar-y concern:
Be it known that we, FRED PALMER and FRANK PALMER, citizens of the United States. residing: at Spokane, in the county of Spokane and State of Washington, have invented certain new and useful Improvements 1n Processes for Treatment of Metals, of
which the following is a specification.
This lnvention relates to an improved process for refimngmetal.
The primary object of the invention is the provision of a special liquid bath or solution, for quenchmg of heating metals,
as a means of refinement of said metals.
A further object of the invention is the provision ofa liquid hath made fromthe subsequently described formula, and adapted for carburizing metals when. quenchedtherein.
A further object of the invention is the provision of a liquid solution of the above described character specifically adapted to simultaneously harden, toughen, and carburize mild steels, by their immersion therein, when heated to a critical temperature. Other objects and advantageswill be apparent during the course of the following detailed description. M y
The specific proportions of ingredients in the improved metal refining bath are as follows:
Sodium sulphate (Na SO 2 ounces soeitm' chloride NaGl 8 ounces Potassium ferrocyanide (H lde WVater (H O) 1 gallon The bath or solution is preferably used in connection with mild steels of varying carbon content, and which may have as high a carbon content as 1.1% or 1.2%. A high degree of refinement and carburization of; this grade of metal has resulted from the precise use of the above proportioned formula, although the same maybe varied slightly to suit the analyses of the various ingredients; as where an alkali water is used, the sodium sulphate can be decreased proportionately.
.ing from 1380 to 1460 Fahrenheit.
Application filed A ril 29,1921. Serial No. ies r94.
The mild steel or other metal is first slowly heated throughout until it reaches its critical temperature, which takes place at a color glow of bright cherry red, rang- At this temperature the grain of the steel is refined until it possesses the finest structure which it is capable of assuming. After the metal is heated evenly throughout, it is taken from the furnace at its critical temperature, and suddenly quenched in a cold bath of the above set forth ingredients and proportions. The bath preferably ranges from 40 to Fahrenheit; and is of sufficient quantity to evenly cool the metal throughout, without itself absorbing too much heat from the metal.
By reason of its sudden immersion in this bath, the refined grain of the mild steel is retained, the immersion, hardening, toughening and carburizing the same. The toughening, hardening, and carburieing are effected simultaneously by chemical action of the solution upon the heated steel, and
an analysis of the physical properties before and after treatment, the ultimate tensile strength was shown by a Reihle machine to have. increased from 64,000 pounds per square inch to 91,200 pounds per square inch; while the percentageof carbon as demostrated by Prof. Arnolds chromic acid test was increased from 1.1% to 2.058%. Thus the special bath treatment of mild steel will produce a straight carbon tool steel of exceptional physical properties.
" Water (H O) Various alterations in the process may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, or the scope of the claims.
I claim:
1. A liquid bath for treatment of metals comprising sodium sulphate, salt, potassium ferrocyanide, and water. i
2. A liquid bath for treatment of metals comprising in proportion:
Sodium sulphate a SO,) 2 ounces Sodium chloride (NaGl) 8 ounces Potassium ferrocyanide (l,Fe(CN) +3H O) 2 ounces VVater(h 1 gallon 3. The method ofhardeningand tempering metals which consists-in the quenching of a metal in a liquid-bathcomposed'ofsodium sulphate salt, potassium ferrocyanide and water.
4. The method of hardening and tempering metals which consists in heating a metal,
to the critical temperature and quenching the same in a liquid bath of, sodium sulphate, salt, potassium torrocyanide and water.
5. The method of hardening and tempering metals which consists in heating a metal to its critical temperature, and then quenching ina'liquid bathcomprislng in proportion: I
Sodium sulphate (Na SOQ "2 ounces Sodium chloride (NaCl) 8 ounces Potassium ferrocyanide (K ,Fe(GN) +BH O) 2 ounces 1 gallon 6, The method of carburizing metal which consists of heating said metal to a critical temperature: and:quenching said metal in bath of sodium sulphate, salt, potassium ferrocyanide and ,water.
7'. The method of carburizing metal, which consists of heating saidmetal to its critical temperature and quenching in a liquid bath comprising in; proportion Sodium sulphate (Na SO "2 ounces Sodium chloride (NaCl) 8 ounces Potassium, ferrocyanide (K Fe(CN) -|-3H,O) 2 ounces l/Vater (H O) 1 gallon 8. The method'of producing a straight carbon steel, which consists in-heating a mild 1 ,assnoa steel to its critical temperature, and quenching the same in a bath of sodium sulphate, salt, potassium i'errocyanide, and water.
9. The method of producing a straight carbon steel, which consists in heating a mild steel to its critical temperature and quenching the same in a liquid bath comprlsing in proportion Sodium sulphate (Nafith) 2 ounces Sodium chloride (NaCl) 8 ounces Potassium ferrocyanide (K Fe(CN) +3H O) 2 ounces ater (H O) 1 gallon 10. The method of refining mild steels which consists in simultaneously hardening, toughening and carburizing said mild steel to produce a tool steel by heating said mild steel to its critical temperature and Sodium sulphate (Na SOQ "2 ounces Sodium chloride (NaCl) 8 ounces Potassium ferrocyanide (K,Fe(CN) {-3H O) 2 ounces \Vater (H O) 1 gallon 12. The method of refining metals which consists in heating a metal to a bright cherry red color, and suddenly immersing the same in a cold bath of sodium sulphate, salt, potassium ferrocyanide and water.
13. The method of refining metals, which consists in heating a metal to a bright cherry red color, and suddenly immersing the same in a cold liquid bath, comprising in proportion:-
Sodium sulphate (Na,SO,) "*2 ounces Sodium chloride (NaCl) S ounces Potassium ferrocyanide (K,,Fe(CN) -|-3H O) "2 ounces Water (H O) a 1 gallon FRED PALMER. FRANK PALMER.
US465494A 1921-04-29 1921-04-29 Process for treatment of metals Expired - Lifetime US1433408A (en)

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