US2811602A - Electromagnetic relays - Google Patents

Electromagnetic relays Download PDF

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Publication number
US2811602A
US2811602A US355322A US35532253A US2811602A US 2811602 A US2811602 A US 2811602A US 355322 A US355322 A US 355322A US 35532253 A US35532253 A US 35532253A US 2811602 A US2811602 A US 2811602A
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United States
Prior art keywords
armature
magnetic
torque
relay
mechanical
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US355322A
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English (en)
Inventor
Rommel Frederick Emil
Carpenter Rupert Evan Howard
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Telephone Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Telephone Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Telephone Manufacturing Co Ltd filed Critical Telephone Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Publication of US2811602A publication Critical patent/US2811602A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2272—Polarised relays comprising rockable armature, rocking movement around central axis parallel to the main plane of the armature
    • H01H51/2281—Contacts rigidly combined with armature

Definitions

  • the magnetic stiffness is greater than the mechanical stiitness so that the resultant stiffness is negative and consequently, the armature moves from the position of unstable equilibrium with increasing force until it is arrested by one of the side contacts.
  • the contacts or other stops which define the angular working range of the armature are arranged so that the two extreme angular positions of this range are reached by moving the armature in opposite directions from the central plane of the working air gap, and in addition the mechanical and magnetic torques are arranged to vary linearly over the said range at rates which, if continued outside the said range, would cause the said torques to become zero at substantially the same virtual positions of the armature.
  • Figure l is a diagrammatic representation of the magnetic system and armature of the well-known Carpenter relay such as disclosed in U. S. Patents 1,826,990 and 2,412,123.
  • Figures 2 and 3 are force diagrams illustrating respectively the operation of a relay as shown in Figure 1 and the relays according to the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a similar explanatory diagram showing difierent conditions
  • Figures 5 and 6 are diagrams similar to Figure l but showing two forms of the present invention.
  • Figures 7 and 8 are elevations seen from opposite sides of a relay according to U. S. Patent 2,559,399 constructed in accordance with the present invention, the armature, the contacts and the magnet nearest to the observer, however, being omitted, and
  • Figures 9 and 10 are similar diagrams to Figures 5 and 6 illustrating the application of the invention to two other recognised forms of moving-iron polarised relays.
  • Figure 1 will be recognised as a counterpart of Figure 5 of the drawings of Patent 2,412,123, except that the side contacts c, c have been set over to the right of the centre line A, B and it will be observed that even the left hand contact 0 is set over beyond that centre line.
  • the top end of the armature a tends to move to the right of the neutral position but is arrested by contact with the side contact c, thereby producing the one-side-stable action.
  • the armature a is pivoted at p between permanent magnets m and m and it can easily be seen that owing to the setting of the side contacts c, c the travel of the armature is restricted and its lower end can only traverse a fraction of the gap between the magnetic limbs l and I.
  • Figure 3 is a diagram similar to Figure 2 and the same reference charactors have been applied. It will be seen in this case that the point of balance or the virtual neutral point n at which both the mechanical torque Me and magnetic force Ma would be reduced to zero it continued at the same rate to the left of position 0, has been thrown over to the left. The result of this is that the resulting force F. when the relay is not energized, would throw the armature a away from that point and into the end position 0, consequently, the side contacts which are shown in the diagrams of Figures 2 and 3 at 0, 01, are more widely separated and centrally placed with respect to the central plane Cp of the relay.
  • the distance between the points of the contacts 0, c1 in Figure 3 represents the useful air gap which it can be seen may be set at any value up to the full gap between the faces x, y.
  • a comparison with Figure 2 shows clearly the fact already mentioned, that by setting the contacts 0, 01 to the right to secure the one-side-stable eifect, the useful air gap is reduced to less than half of the actual air gap.
  • the armature suspension spring s is set over so that the mechanical restoring torque which it exerts on the armature (and which is always less than the torque arising from the polarising magnetic fluxes) is greatest when the armature rests against the contact 0 and decreases as the armature moves from this position, becoming zero at the virtual point of polar faces of the permanent magnets in and m1 at different points with respect to the pivot P of the armature a.
  • the armature control spring s is set over so that the balanced position is displaced counterclockwise and when the relay is not energised, the armature is turned clockwise by the dominating magnetic bias and is one-side-stable against the side contact 01.
  • Figures 7 and 8 the invention is shown applied to a relay of the kind set forth in Patent 2,559,399 wherein the two permanent magnets m, ml overlap, and the armature vibrates at right angles to these magnets in the gap between them.
  • Figures 7 and 8 are elevations seen from opposite sides of the relay and corresponding to Figure l of the drawings of Patent 2,559,399, except that in that figure the armature 13 and the front magnet 9 are omitted, and certain other details which are not shown are as in that prior Specification.
  • the polar faces of the magnets m, m1 face the armature at different heights with respect to the pivot of the armature, and although the fluxes passing from the magnets m, m" into the armature are of the same order, in this case, they act at different lever arms and thence the magnetic outof-balance on the armature is established.
  • the invention is shown applied to another known form of relay in which the armature a is pivoted at p near the upper ends of the magnets m, m.
  • the permanent magnets m, m present their polar faces to the armature a at different heights with respect to the pivot P and the armature springs s are also set as in Figure 6 so that when no current is flowing in the windings w, the armature is set over clockwise by the dominating magnetic bias against the contact 0.
  • the side contacts c, c1 are placed centrally at equal distances on opposite sides of the central plane A, B of the air gap between the magnetic limbs l, I.
  • the armature control springs s are set over so that the mechanical torque on the armature a is zero in the same position of the armature as that at which the magnetic torque is zero.
  • the invention is applied to the type of relay in which the armature a is pivoted centrally at P and is surrounded by the exciting winding w while the polarising flux is established by a horseshoe magnet m so that the flux from the pole N splits and passes upwardly and downwardly in the pole-piece t as shown by the arrows x, passes across the armature a at the top and bottom into the pole-piece t1 and reunites at the pole S.
  • the side contacts 0, c1 are placed centrally at equal distances on opposite sides of the mid-plane A, B, of the air gaps.
  • a one-side stable electromagnetic relay comprising a polarized magnetic structure formed with air-gaps at which the polarizing flux appears, an armature of magnetic material pivotally mounted to vibrate in said airgaps, moving contact means actuated by said armature, a pair of stops in co-operative relationship with said armature and defining for said armature an angular working range, the two extreme angular positions of said range being reached by moving said armature in opposite directions from the central plane of said air gap, at least one of said stops being an electrical contact, a signal winding linked with said magnetic structure, and means for applying to said armature a mechanical restoring torque which varies in magnitude linearly with the position of the armature and at a rate which if continued beyond the range of travel of the armature would cause said mechanical torque to be reduced to zero at a virtual position of said armature lying outside the working range of travel of said armature, said magnetic structure having its polar faces at said air-gaps so disposed with respect to said magnetic
  • a one-side stable electromagnetic relay comprising a polarized magnetic structure formed with air-gaps at which the polarizing flux appears, an armature of magnetic material pivotally mounted to vibrate in said airgaps, at least one spring attached to said armature for imparting a mechanical restoring torque thereto, a pair of moving contacts mounted on opposite faces of said armature, a pair of substantially symmetrically located side contacts in co-operative relationship respectively with said moving contacts and fixing for said armature an angular working range, the two extreme angular positions of said range being reached by moving said armature in opposite directions from the central plane of said air gap, a signal winding linked with said magnetic structure, said mechanical restoring torque and the magnetic torque produced by said polarizing flux and acting on said armature being varied over the range of movement of said armature and at rates which it continued beyond the range of travel of the armature would be zero at substantially the same virtual angular position of said armature, said virtual angular position lying outside the working range of travel of said arma

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
US355322A 1952-05-29 1953-05-15 Electromagnetic relays Expired - Lifetime US2811602A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB323181X 1952-05-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2811602A true US2811602A (en) 1957-10-29

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ID=10336743

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US355322A Expired - Lifetime US2811602A (en) 1952-05-29 1953-05-15 Electromagnetic relays

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US2811602A (fr)
BE (1) BE520275A (fr)
CH (1) CH323181A (fr)
DE (1) DE1000528B (fr)
FR (1) FR1077875A (fr)
GB (1) GB731937A (fr)
NL (2) NL101759C (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2888533A (en) * 1958-01-23 1959-05-26 Clare & Co C P Center stable polar relay
US2892055A (en) * 1956-08-21 1959-06-23 Werk Signal Sicherungstech Veb Polarized magnetic system for relays
US2913639A (en) * 1956-01-20 1959-11-17 Richard J Coppola Polarized a. c. operated relay
DE1150760B (de) * 1957-11-22 1963-06-27 Bristol Company Elektromagnetische Schalteinrichtung
US3304525A (en) * 1964-04-24 1967-02-14 Oerlikon Buehrle Holding Ag Polarized relay for controlling devices provided with to-and-fro moving elements
US3723923A (en) * 1970-12-21 1973-03-27 Tokai Rika Co Ltd Relay switch
US4467304A (en) * 1982-12-28 1984-08-21 Minnesota Mining And Manfacturing Company Saturable tandem coil transformer relay
CN107795631A (zh) * 2016-09-07 2018-03-13 香港理工大学 用于产生负刚度的电磁设备和振动控制的方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1167980B (de) * 1960-06-22 1964-04-16 Krone Kg Magnetisch polarisiertes elektrisches Antriebssystem fuer Wecker, Relais od. dgl.
DE3225232A1 (de) * 1981-06-22 1984-01-12 Hendel, Horst, Dipl.-Ing. (FH), 8031 Eichenau Polarisiertes elektromagnetisches kleinrelais
JPS59218871A (ja) * 1983-05-27 1984-12-10 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd ドツトプリンタ用電磁石装置
GB2166595B (en) * 1984-11-07 1988-06-08 Stc Plc Polarised relay of high sensitivity

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1191976A (en) * 1910-06-29 1916-07-25 Dayton Engineering Lab Co Current-interrupter.
US1426993A (en) * 1920-12-12 1922-08-22 Siemens Ag Closed-circuit relay
US1541618A (en) * 1921-07-05 1925-06-09 Gen Electric Relay
US1743494A (en) * 1927-10-12 1930-01-14 Joseph W Snyder Pole-changer transmitter
US1826990A (en) * 1928-04-25 1931-10-13 Carpenter Rupert Evan Howard Electromagnetic device
US2351588A (en) * 1940-12-12 1944-06-20 Gen Railway Signal Co Oscillating code transmitter
US2412123A (en) * 1942-04-28 1946-12-03 Carpenter Rupert Evan Howard Electromagnetic device
US2515771A (en) * 1945-05-11 1950-07-18 Gen Electric Polarized relay and motor control system
US2597873A (en) * 1946-02-23 1952-05-27 Fkg Fritz Kesselring Geratebau Electromagnetic switching device for controlling electric circuits
US2619560A (en) * 1945-03-26 1952-11-25 Sunbeam Corp Antichatter switch device

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE734040C (de) * 1941-09-24 1943-04-07 Siemens Ag Polarisiertes Relais

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1191976A (en) * 1910-06-29 1916-07-25 Dayton Engineering Lab Co Current-interrupter.
US1426993A (en) * 1920-12-12 1922-08-22 Siemens Ag Closed-circuit relay
US1541618A (en) * 1921-07-05 1925-06-09 Gen Electric Relay
US1743494A (en) * 1927-10-12 1930-01-14 Joseph W Snyder Pole-changer transmitter
US1826990A (en) * 1928-04-25 1931-10-13 Carpenter Rupert Evan Howard Electromagnetic device
US2351588A (en) * 1940-12-12 1944-06-20 Gen Railway Signal Co Oscillating code transmitter
US2412123A (en) * 1942-04-28 1946-12-03 Carpenter Rupert Evan Howard Electromagnetic device
US2619560A (en) * 1945-03-26 1952-11-25 Sunbeam Corp Antichatter switch device
US2515771A (en) * 1945-05-11 1950-07-18 Gen Electric Polarized relay and motor control system
US2597873A (en) * 1946-02-23 1952-05-27 Fkg Fritz Kesselring Geratebau Electromagnetic switching device for controlling electric circuits

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2913639A (en) * 1956-01-20 1959-11-17 Richard J Coppola Polarized a. c. operated relay
US2892055A (en) * 1956-08-21 1959-06-23 Werk Signal Sicherungstech Veb Polarized magnetic system for relays
DE1150760B (de) * 1957-11-22 1963-06-27 Bristol Company Elektromagnetische Schalteinrichtung
US2888533A (en) * 1958-01-23 1959-05-26 Clare & Co C P Center stable polar relay
US3304525A (en) * 1964-04-24 1967-02-14 Oerlikon Buehrle Holding Ag Polarized relay for controlling devices provided with to-and-fro moving elements
US3723923A (en) * 1970-12-21 1973-03-27 Tokai Rika Co Ltd Relay switch
US4467304A (en) * 1982-12-28 1984-08-21 Minnesota Mining And Manfacturing Company Saturable tandem coil transformer relay
CN107795631A (zh) * 2016-09-07 2018-03-13 香港理工大学 用于产生负刚度的电磁设备和振动控制的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL178634B (nl)
FR1077875A (fr) 1954-11-12
GB731937A (en) 1955-06-15
CH323181A (fr) 1957-07-15
DE1000528B (de) 1957-01-10
BE520275A (fr)
NL101759C (fr)

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