Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
  • C11D13/14—Shaping
  • C11D13/18—Shaping by extrusion or pressing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor

Definitions

• This invention relates to the treatment of soap, particularly extruded soap of at least 20% moisture content.
• bars or tablets (hereinafter collectively referred to as bars) of such soap which have been obtained by extruding the soap at a temperature not exceeding 35 C., is increased by heating them by means of alternating current to a temperature of at least 40 C. but below that at which the soap becomes no longer form-retaining due to melting and then allowing them to cool.
• a process of hardening a bar of at least 20% moisture content soap obtained by extruding the soap at a temperature not ex ceeding 35 C. which comprises heating the bar by means of alternating current to a temperature of at least 40 C. but below that at which the soap becomes no longer fonnretaining due to melting and then allowing the bar to cool.
• the soap contains at least 25% moisture.
• the invention has been found particularly useful with genuine soaps having a total fatty matter content of 60-65%
• the invention may also be applied to filled soaps, in particular those which contain no more than 50% moisture.
• the most useful field of application of the invention is that of soap bars which have been extruded at relatively low temperatures, having regard to their moisture content, for example 25 to 30 C. in the case of genuine soaps of about 30% moisture content.
• the hardening effect of the process of the invention has, in general, been found most marked with those soaps which exhibit undue softening at the temperature of extrusion.
• the invention is most useful with soaps from fat charges containing a high percentage of low or medium titre tallow or a high percentage of rosin.
• the soap can be allowed to cool, as there is usually little advantage to be gained by maintaining the soap at this temperature for any length of time. It is dificult to accelerate the rate of cooling of the soap. An average-size bar may take 1 to 2 hours to cool.
• the heating may be resistance heating by means of a low frequency alternating current, such as mains frequency current, or dielectric heating by high frequency alternating current, such as radio frequency current.
• the heating may be carried out batchwise by placing each bar between a pair of electrodes or continuously by passing the bar between moving endless-belt electrodes.
• the bars may be heated in the stamping dye by using opposite faces of the dye as electrodes.
• the time required to reach any given temperature depends upon the nature of the soap, the thickness of the bar and, in varying degrees, depending on the mode of heating, on the potential applied, the current passing and the frequency of the current used.
• bars of soap 45.7 x 5.7 x 0.79 cm. were used. These bars were produced by rapidly chilling the molten soap, milling it, and then plodding under reduced pressure at 25 to 30 C. and cutting the plodded bar. The heating was carried out by clamping the bar of soap between two metal electrodes, one at each end, with an average current of 2 amps. (the current increases as the conductivity of the soap increases with temperature) at 230 volts and 50 cycles per second. The bars took approximately 2 /2 to 3 minutes to reach the required temperature. Heating was discontinued when the soap had reached the required temperature and the soap was then allowed to cool.
• the hardness of the soaps was determined 24 hours after heating by measuring the force required to pull a wire through the soap under standardised conditions.
• the bars were weighed before and after treatment.
• Control bars that is bars not heated according to the invention, were kept in moisture-proof wrappers and their hardness measured at the same time as that of the treated bars.
• Example Soap fat charge Percent Coconut oil 80 Tallow 20 Fatty matter content 63.0
• Example 7 Soap fat charge: Percent Tallow 63 Groundnut oil Coconut oil 'Rosin 2 Hardness Loss in Heated Weight to C. Percent 1b. at C.
• Control Bar 5 9 20 0. 1 7.5 20 0.3 6.9 20 0.4 6.7 20 0.3 6.7 20 0.3 6.6 20 0.3
• Soap fat charge Percent Palm kernel oil 67 Tallow 23 Rosin 10 Fatty matter content 62.5
• Control Bar 2 O 24. 5 Hardened Bar 43. 3 4. 0 26. 7 Do 46.1 4.9 26.7 Do. 48.9 5.3 26.7 Do 51.7 6.3 26.7 Do 54.4 7.2 26.7
• Control Bar 3 3 25. 0 48.9 6 9 26. 7 54.4 7 s .26. 7
• a process of hardening a bar of at least moisture content soap obtained by extruding the soap at a temperature not exceeding C. which comprises heating the bar by means of alternating current to a temperature of at least C. but below that at which the soap becomes no longer form-retaining due to melting and then allowing the bar to cool.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (1)

Citations (2)

• 1954
  • 1954-06-16 GB GB17690/54A patent/GB773995A/en not_active Expired
• 1955
  • 1955-06-15 US US515791A patent/US2802793A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1955-06-15 FR FR1126205D patent/FR1126205A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1955-06-15 BE BE539018A patent/BE539018A/xx unknown
  • 1955-06-16 CH CH345961D patent/CH345961A/de unknown
  • 1955-06-16 NL NL198132A patent/NL99788C/xx active
  • 1955-06-17 DE DEU3395A patent/DE953004C/de not_active Expired

Patent Citations (2)

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