US2797899A - Rotating double shell heat exchange drum means and method of operating same - Google Patents

Rotating double shell heat exchange drum means and method of operating same Download PDF

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Publication number
US2797899A
US2797899A US325462A US32546252A US2797899A US 2797899 A US2797899 A US 2797899A US 325462 A US325462 A US 325462A US 32546252 A US32546252 A US 32546252A US 2797899 A US2797899 A US 2797899A
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United States
Prior art keywords
liquid
drum
gas
heat transfer
shells
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US325462A
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English (en)
Inventor
William H Funk
George L Snyder
Robert E White
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lukens Steel Co
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Lukens Steel Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lukens Steel Co filed Critical Lukens Steel Co
Priority to US325462A priority Critical patent/US2797899A/en
Priority to FR1086569D priority patent/FR1086569A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2797899A publication Critical patent/US2797899A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D11/00—Heat-exchange apparatus employing moving conduits
    • F28D11/02—Heat-exchange apparatus employing moving conduits the movement being rotary, e.g. performed by a drum or roller
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/28—Moving reactors, e.g. rotary drums
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F5/00—Elements specially adapted for movement
    • F28F5/02—Rotary drums or rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00094—Jackets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00049—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J2219/00051—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2219/00074—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids
    • B01J2219/00087—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor
    • B01J2219/00103—Controlling the temperature by indirect heating or cooling employing heat exchange fluids with heat exchange elements outside the reactor in a heat exchanger separate from the reactor

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an apparatus for cooling or heating which includes a rotary power driven double walled drum means and the method of operating the same.
  • a liquid such as water
  • a liquid such as water
  • Difficulties have been encountered in obtaining a rapid heat exchange between the liquid and the outer shell of the drum due to the fact that when the space or chamber between the inner and outer shells is completely filled with liquid and the drum is rotated, the liquid is carried around with the drum.
  • the heat transfer liquid forms a continuous ring between the inner and outer shells of the rotating drum, the said liquid rotating at approximately the speed of the drum. This liquid rotation is due to the drag of the two shells and is also caused by the absence of any hydrostatic head efiect.
  • An important object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for the formation and maintenance of two free liquid surfaces forming a gas pocket between them within the annular space of a double shell heat exchange drum during the rotation thereof, thereby greatly increasing the heat transfer co-efiicient between the heat exchange liquid and the outer shell of the drum.
  • An additional object of the invention is the method and apparatus for maintaining said gas pocket as stated in the next penultimate paragraph, whereby to continuously or substantially continuously introduce a gas phase within said annular space, and the maintenance of the liquid surface level of said free liquid surfaces, below the top of the inner shell during the rotation of said drum.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method and means for continuously introducing a mixture of heat exchange liquid and a gas entrained therein between the shells of a rotating drum and continuously withdrawing said liquid and gas.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a method and apparatus for introducing a heat transfer liquid into which a gas has been injected between the shells of a drum and withdrawing the heat transfer liquid and gas, and following the withdrawal of the liquid and gas reconditioning the liquid, i. e., recooling or reheating said liquid, and reintroducing said liqud with fresh or recirculated gas to the space between said drum shells.
  • Figure l is a central longitudinal vertical sectional view partly broken away and partly in full lines of one form of the apparatus
  • Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view of the drum with the pumping spokes shown in dotted lines, taken substantially medially of the drum;
  • Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure l, of another form of the invention.
  • the apparatus shown thereby includes a rotary drum 1 consisting of outer and inner shells 2 land 3, respectively. Said shells are connected to each other in any suitable manner so as to rotate in unison and are provided with hubs 4 which rotate in bearings in the supports 5.
  • the drum will be driven by suitable means such as the pulley 24 and belt 25 driven from an electric motor, not shown.
  • the space 6 between the shells is substantially annular, and this space is connected at each end of the drum to the interior of the hubs 4 by hollow spokes 9.
  • These hubs have caps 10 having stuffing boxes and are connected with the inlet and outlet 11 and 12, respectively.
  • a heat exchange liquid is introduced from a suitable source into the conduit 13.
  • Air or other gas is forced into the conduit 13 through pipe 14 by means of a blower 15 from an inlet pipe 16.
  • a venturi 17 having an air inlet pipe 18 and a valve 19.
  • the venturi includes fluid inlet and exit pipes 20 and 21. When the venturi is used, air will be pulled in from the atmosphere through the pipe 18 and discharged with liquid by means of inlet 11 and hub 4 through spokes 9 into space 6 and from this space through spokes 9 at the other end of the drum, into hub 4 through the outlet 12. Both liquid and gas such as air are forced into outlet 12 by the head of pressure from conduit 13.
  • the amount of liquid is so proportioned with the air or other gas in order that the upper level of liquid will be below the top of the inner shell, as shown in Figure 2. This is accomplished by the regulation of the proportional amounts of liquid and gas entering between the shells in any suitable manner as regulating the speed of blower 15, or adjusting the valve 19 or the amount of liquid entering conduit 13, or a combination of these means.
  • the upper level of the liquid indicated at 22 is such that there is a gas space or pocket 23 that extends between the upper cylindrical portions of the shells.
  • FIG 3 is represented a modification of the apparatus shown in Figure l, in which a closed circuit for both heat exchange liquid and gas is maintained.
  • the rotating drum 50 consists of outer and inner connected shells 51 and 52, respectively.
  • the drum is provided with hubs 53 which rotate in bearings in the sup ports 54.
  • the drum may be rotated by any suitable drive means such as pulley 55 and belt 56 from a motor, not shown.
  • the space between the shells is annular and either end of said space is connected to the interior of spokes 58 whose inner ends connect to the interior of the hubs 53.
  • These hubs have caps 59 provided with stufiing boxes that are connected to the inlet and outlet 60 and 61, respectively.
  • liquid from separating tank 62 is withdrawn through conduit 63 to pump 64.
  • Tank 62 is of conventional type having a transparent sight gauge.
  • Such fluid is forced through the heat exchanger unit 66 which functions to heat or cool the liquid, depending on the circumstances.
  • the liquid is forced through the conduit 69, a part of the liquid being bypassed through pipes 70 and '71 which connect the venturi 72 to the conduit 69.
  • the liquid with entrained gas now enters through inlet 60, the hub 5 and after passing through spokes 58 at the right in Figure 3, enters between the annular space 57 between the peripheries of shells 51 and 52. As shown in Figure 2, the liquid only partially fills this space, there being a gas pocket 23 between the inner and outer shells adjacent the top portions thereof.
  • the exhausted liquid and gas finds its way out of the space between the peripheral portions of the shells through the spokes 58 at the left of Figure 3 and into left hub 53, and exits through conduit 61 to the tank 62.
  • the liquid is withdrawn from this tank through conduit 63.
  • the gas rising through the liquid, and which collects above the same in the tank, is drawn upwardly through the pipe 73 to the three-way valve 75.
  • This valve may be alternately connected to the pipe 73 or to the atmospheric inlet 74, or a mixture of gas from pipes 73 and 74 may be obtained by proper adjustment of the valve 75. From the valve 75, the gas passes through the short length of pipe 76 to the venturi 72.
  • liquid may be of any of the known types of cooling or heating liquids.
  • the heat transfer liquid cannot rotate with the drum and, because of this, the mean velocity difference between the shells and the heat transfer liquid is substantially equal to the peripheral speed of the drum.
  • drag forces of the shells on the liquid, when rotating, tend to pull therewith the adjacent layers of heat transfer liquid, but since the overall body of heat transfer liquid cannot move from its relative position, due to the gas pocket, this results in a great deal of turbulence in the body of the heat transfer liquid.
  • Heat transfer drums of the type shown herein yield a heat transfer coefficient between the heat transfer liquid and the shells that is much higher than would be obtained if the liquid were permitted to rotate with the drum as is the case where no air pocket is provided and where the entire space is filled with heat transfer liquid.
  • the heat transfer coefficient on the inside of the outer shell might be expected to increase ad infinitum With corresponding drum speeds. This is not the case, however, since other factors, such as terminal temperatures, speed, and heat transfer liquid-shell contact areas, must all be taken into account.
  • the vigorous mixing and recirculation existing in the partially complete annulus of heat transfer liquid insures a relatively uniform temperature around the shell. This is not the case with prior art structures where the entire interior of the space between the shells is filled with the heat transfer liquid, for in such case there would exist temperature variations circumferentially around the outer peripheral surface of the drum.
  • the air or other gas be supplied continuously along with the heat transfer liquid, rather than introducing a fixed quantity of air or gas at one time and entrapping that air for a prolonged period of time. If the air is not supplied continuously, it is impossible to maintain a sufiicient entrapped air pocket for any length of time. This is particularly the case because of the entraining effect of the heat transfer liquid as well as the pumping action of the spokes of the drum. It has been found that the rate of air removal from the drum is a function of the heat transfer liquid flow between the shells of the drum and also of the drum speed. Additionally, the volume of air retained in the drum must increase with increased drum speed if rotation of the heat transfer liquid is to be avoided.
  • drum speed and heat transfer liquid rate of flow normally go together because increased drum speed entails increased duty and thus requires an increased amount of heat transfer liquid.
  • rate of air injection should be proportioned to the rate of heat transfer liquid flow. It will be understood that several methods of air or gas injection may be used as shown in the several figures of the drawings. The air stream before mixture with the heat transfer liquid may be metered and proportioned to the liquid stream.
  • the venturi-type injector utilizes the heat transfer liquid as the primary fluid and the entrapped ambient air as the secondary fluid.
  • This method has the advantage that over a fairly wide range of rate of flow of the primary fluid the quantity of secondary fluid entrained is proportional to the flow of the primary fluid.
  • the air or other gas which is discharged at the outlet 12 in Figure 1 and outlet 61 of the structure shown in Figure 3 has small bubbles entrained in the heat transfer liquid. If the liquid is not to be used again, such as would be the case in the structure shown in Figure 1, the air then passes from the system with no difiiculty.
  • the heat exchange liquid is a coolant which is to be recirculated, such as when a refrigerated brine is used as the coolant
  • the entrained air must be separated and removed from the brine. This can best be accomplished through the use of the separating chamber or tank 62 in which the air is separated from the coolant, as shown in Figure 3 herein.
  • the inlet means is provided at one end of the drum and the outlet means at the other end. It is to be understood that the inlet and outlet means may be constructed in several different ways, such as by having both at one end of the drum, as shown in U. S. Patent 2,538,985, issued to G. L. Snyder on. January 23, 1951.
  • the speed of the drum there are many factors which must be considered such as the size of the drum, the thickness, density and moisture content of the material being treated, the ability of the material to respond to treatment, and the temperature of the heat exchange medium. Generally, however, the speed may be varied to provide optimum operating conditions, the only limitation being that speed should be maintained below a point where the drag forces between the shells and the fluid and the centrifugal forces will cause the liquid to be carried around by the drum shells.
  • gas is intended to cover atmosphericair as well as other gaseous mixtures.
  • a heat exchange drum means comprising a cylindrical drum rotatable. about a horizontal axis and comprising inner and outer substantially uniformly spaced cylindrical shells, aradially disposed wall connecting said shells atfeach end of said drum to provide an annular chamber therebetween, an axially arranged cylindrical hollow hub mounted in each end of said drum, the inner ends of said hubs being closed and the outer ends being open, a plurality of radially disposed hollow spokes at each end of said drum connecting and in .fluid communication with said chamber and the interior of one of said hubs, said hollow spokes and said chamber constituting the sole means of fluid communication between said hubs, an inlet conduit means in fluid communication with the open end of one of said hubs, an outlet conduit means in fluid communication with the open end of the other of said hubs; said inlet conduit means, said one of said hubs, and said spokes at the inlet end of said drum constituting a means for continuously feeding a heat transfer liquid and a gas admixed therewith to said chamber; said feeding means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US325462A 1952-12-11 1952-12-11 Rotating double shell heat exchange drum means and method of operating same Expired - Lifetime US2797899A (en)

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US325462A US2797899A (en) 1952-12-11 1952-12-11 Rotating double shell heat exchange drum means and method of operating same
FR1086569D FR1086569A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1952-12-11 1953-08-10

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2890037A (en) * 1954-11-10 1959-06-09 United States Steel Corp Method and apparatus for continuously cooling metal strips
US2983488A (en) * 1957-12-11 1961-05-09 John E Thompson Apparatus for heating by steam
US2991979A (en) * 1957-11-15 1961-07-11 Roland L Lincoln Gas-liquid heat exchanger
DE1188091B (de) * 1957-10-29 1965-03-04 Buettner Werke Ag Drehtrommel-Waermetauscher
US3216489A (en) * 1961-03-16 1965-11-09 Thermel Inc Heated and cooled roll
US3331434A (en) * 1965-06-29 1967-07-18 Nat Drying Machinery Co Heat transfer roll
US3359648A (en) * 1965-04-05 1967-12-26 Overly S Inc Dryer with vacuum bar sheet feeder
US3631917A (en) * 1969-09-15 1972-01-04 Dana Corp Centrifugal casting mold with free flowing particulate heat transfer means
US4349068A (en) * 1979-10-09 1982-09-14 Coury Glenn E Method for improved heat transfer
US6128913A (en) * 1998-06-22 2000-10-10 Plantex S.P.A. Viale Europa Device for the cooling of texturized yarns and texturizing apparatus fitted with said device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3846302A (en) * 1972-08-02 1974-11-05 R Crocker Apparatus for heat treating liquid or semi-liquid material

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1897613A (en) * 1930-03-12 1933-02-14 Jensen Aage Apparatus for treating liquids
US1995011A (en) * 1933-07-06 1935-03-19 Qviller Olaf Machine for removing water from wood pulp, cellulose, and the like
US2521215A (en) * 1946-07-01 1950-09-05 Shawinigan Chem Ltd Process of and apparatus for dispersing an aeriform body in a liquid body
US2538985A (en) * 1947-01-10 1951-01-23 Lukens Steel Co Roll
US2576036A (en) * 1944-09-21 1951-11-20 Scott Paper Co Yankee drier
US2582365A (en) * 1948-05-19 1952-01-15 Rexford Paper Company Drier roll
US2703224A (en) * 1951-02-14 1955-03-01 Arkell And Smiths Printing press cooling roll

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1897613A (en) * 1930-03-12 1933-02-14 Jensen Aage Apparatus for treating liquids
US1995011A (en) * 1933-07-06 1935-03-19 Qviller Olaf Machine for removing water from wood pulp, cellulose, and the like
US2576036A (en) * 1944-09-21 1951-11-20 Scott Paper Co Yankee drier
US2521215A (en) * 1946-07-01 1950-09-05 Shawinigan Chem Ltd Process of and apparatus for dispersing an aeriform body in a liquid body
US2538985A (en) * 1947-01-10 1951-01-23 Lukens Steel Co Roll
US2582365A (en) * 1948-05-19 1952-01-15 Rexford Paper Company Drier roll
US2703224A (en) * 1951-02-14 1955-03-01 Arkell And Smiths Printing press cooling roll

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2890037A (en) * 1954-11-10 1959-06-09 United States Steel Corp Method and apparatus for continuously cooling metal strips
DE1188091B (de) * 1957-10-29 1965-03-04 Buettner Werke Ag Drehtrommel-Waermetauscher
US2991979A (en) * 1957-11-15 1961-07-11 Roland L Lincoln Gas-liquid heat exchanger
US2983488A (en) * 1957-12-11 1961-05-09 John E Thompson Apparatus for heating by steam
US3216489A (en) * 1961-03-16 1965-11-09 Thermel Inc Heated and cooled roll
US3359648A (en) * 1965-04-05 1967-12-26 Overly S Inc Dryer with vacuum bar sheet feeder
US3331434A (en) * 1965-06-29 1967-07-18 Nat Drying Machinery Co Heat transfer roll
US3631917A (en) * 1969-09-15 1972-01-04 Dana Corp Centrifugal casting mold with free flowing particulate heat transfer means
US4349068A (en) * 1979-10-09 1982-09-14 Coury Glenn E Method for improved heat transfer
US6128913A (en) * 1998-06-22 2000-10-10 Plantex S.P.A. Viale Europa Device for the cooling of texturized yarns and texturizing apparatus fitted with said device

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Publication number Publication date
FR1086569A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1955-02-14

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