US2792340A - Magnetic materials - Google Patents
Magnetic materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2792340A US2792340A US377978A US37797853A US2792340A US 2792340 A US2792340 A US 2792340A US 377978 A US377978 A US 377978A US 37797853 A US37797853 A US 37797853A US 2792340 A US2792340 A US 2792340A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- substrate
- sheet
- film
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 title description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000287227 Fringillidae Species 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001030 Iron–nickel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HTIQEAQVCYTUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N amlodipine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(COCCN)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl HTIQEAQVCYTUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical group [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L ferrous ammonium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O IMBKASBLAKCLEM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/04—Wires; Strips; Foils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/20—Separation of the formed objects from the electrodes with no destruction of said electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
Definitions
- This invention relates to magnetic materials and more particularly to sheet materials of low coercivity suitable for the laminated cores of transformers, motors and generators.
- the object of this invention is to provide an improved method of electrolytically producing sheets of magnetic material in which the majority of the crystals are aligned so as to have two cube edges (100) directions parallel or nearly parallel to two directions at right angles in the plane of the sheet and thus secure further improved magnetic properties.
- a process of producing a sheet of iron according to the present invention consists in preparing a sheet of substrate material having a desired grain-orientation, electrolytically depositing iron on the substrate using an electrolyte offerrous chloride at a temperature of not less than 50 C. and a current density of approximately 1 amp/elm. until a coating of at least .002" has been ob-- tained, and separating the coating from the substrate.
- a process of producing sheets of iron according to a further feature of this invention consists in preparing a sheet of substrate material having desired grain orientation, coating the grain-oriented substrate with a layer of a second metal having a related orientation, electrolytically depositing iron on the coated substrate using an electrolyte of ferrous chloride at a temperature of not less than 50 C. with a current density of approximately 1 ampJdm. until a film of at least .002 has been obtained, removing the coated substrate with the deposited film from the electrolyte and stripping the film-from the substrate by removal of the coating.
- a preferred base for the purpose of the invention is gold, in which cube texture may be developed by, for example, cold-rolling to or more reduction, and annealing at 1000 C. for 1 hour;
- the cube-edge length, an, of gold is within 1% 'of /2 times of iron, so that the pattern of atoms in a cube face of an'iron crystal will fit very closely on that of 'atoms in a cube face-of a gold crystal, but with the cube edge directions at 45 to those of the substrate material.
- copper, iron or a 50/50 nickel-iron alloy can be used as the substrate material.
- the master sheet is covered by electrodeposition with a thin epitaxial layer of a metal with a suitable lattice constant, such as silver or tin, after which the iron deposition is made.
- the iron sheet can then be parted from the master sheet by removing the intermediate metal by melting or other means.
- Tin is a preferred metal because it is cheap and melts at a low temperature. It is suitable because the edge length, a0, of the square face of the tetragonal unit cell of white tin is within 2% of twice the cube edge length of iron.
- a suitable composition of the tin plating solution is 90 g. Na2SnOs.3H2O; 7.5 g. NaOH; to 1000 g. water.
- the cathode current density should be kept small at about 0.1 A./dm. -Tin anodes are used, the solution stirred and the temperature maintained at about 70 C. it is again desirable to limit the evaporation.
- the tin coating may be as thin as 10- cm., which requires a plating time of about an hour.
- Iron may then be deposited on to the tin using the technique described previously and in this way a considerable thickness of deposit can be obtained. With a current density of 1 A./dm. a thickness of 0.005 inch is obtained in approximately 8 hours.
- This iron deposit may be parted from the master either cold or at a temperature at which the tin is fluid. The iron sheet can be detinned if required by exposing the sheet at room temperature to gaseous chlorine for ten minutes.
- a process of producing sheets of iron in which the majority of crystals are aligned to have two cube edges (100) directions substantially at right angles in the plane of the sheets comprising the steps of forming a sheet of substrate material having said grain orientation, electrolytically depositing on the grain oriented substrate a coat ing of a second metal which is removable having a related orientation, electrolytically depositing iron on said coated substrate using an electrolyte of approximately 600 gms. of ferrous chloride, per litre of water and a pH of approximately 1.8 at a temperature of not less than 50 C.
- V w V w
- a process ofrproducingsheets of iron ofa desired grain-orientation which comprises forming a mastersh eet of iron by the process of claim 1 and then repeating the process of said claim using the master sheet so-obtained as the substrate material.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB23107/52A GB753455A (en) | 1952-09-15 | 1952-09-15 | Improvements in and relating to magnetic materials |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2792340A true US2792340A (en) | 1957-05-14 |
Family
ID=10190218
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US377978A Expired - Lifetime US2792340A (en) | 1952-09-15 | 1953-09-01 | Magnetic materials |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2792340A (en(2012)) |
| BE (1) | BE522786A (en(2012)) |
| CH (1) | CH324205A (en(2012)) |
| DE (1) | DE949268C (en(2012)) |
| FR (1) | FR1083276A (en(2012)) |
| GB (1) | GB753455A (en(2012)) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3008882A (en) * | 1956-02-13 | 1961-11-14 | Palmer H Craig | Process of making magnetic amplifiers |
| US3164496A (en) * | 1956-09-20 | 1965-01-05 | Gen Electric | Magnetic material and method of fabrication |
| US3457634A (en) * | 1966-03-29 | 1969-07-29 | Sperry Rand Corp | Method for fabricating memory apparatus |
| US3715285A (en) * | 1969-07-28 | 1973-02-06 | Sony Corp | Process of electrodepositing magnetic metal layer on electrically conductive substrate |
| US3844907A (en) * | 1970-03-27 | 1974-10-29 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Method of reproducing magnetization pattern |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US992951A (en) * | 1909-10-23 | 1911-05-23 | Franz Fischer | Process for the manufacture of ductile electrolytic iron. |
| US992952A (en) * | 1910-08-29 | 1911-05-23 | Franz Fischer | Process for the manufacture of ductile electrolytic iron. |
| US2165027A (en) * | 1935-11-21 | 1939-07-04 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Process for producing magnetic sheet |
| US2706329A (en) * | 1951-05-12 | 1955-04-19 | Michigan Bumper Corp | Electrically deposited core iron |
-
0
- BE BE522786D patent/BE522786A/xx unknown
-
1952
- 1952-09-15 GB GB23107/52A patent/GB753455A/en not_active Expired
-
1953
- 1953-09-01 US US377978A patent/US2792340A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1953-09-10 DE DEB27387A patent/DE949268C/de not_active Expired
- 1953-09-11 FR FR1083276D patent/FR1083276A/fr not_active Expired
- 1953-09-14 CH CH324205D patent/CH324205A/de unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US992951A (en) * | 1909-10-23 | 1911-05-23 | Franz Fischer | Process for the manufacture of ductile electrolytic iron. |
| US992952A (en) * | 1910-08-29 | 1911-05-23 | Franz Fischer | Process for the manufacture of ductile electrolytic iron. |
| US2165027A (en) * | 1935-11-21 | 1939-07-04 | Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co | Process for producing magnetic sheet |
| US2706329A (en) * | 1951-05-12 | 1955-04-19 | Michigan Bumper Corp | Electrically deposited core iron |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3008882A (en) * | 1956-02-13 | 1961-11-14 | Palmer H Craig | Process of making magnetic amplifiers |
| US3164496A (en) * | 1956-09-20 | 1965-01-05 | Gen Electric | Magnetic material and method of fabrication |
| US3457634A (en) * | 1966-03-29 | 1969-07-29 | Sperry Rand Corp | Method for fabricating memory apparatus |
| US3715285A (en) * | 1969-07-28 | 1973-02-06 | Sony Corp | Process of electrodepositing magnetic metal layer on electrically conductive substrate |
| US3844907A (en) * | 1970-03-27 | 1974-10-29 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Method of reproducing magnetization pattern |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE949268C (de) | 1956-09-13 |
| CH324205A (de) | 1957-09-15 |
| BE522786A (en(2012)) | |
| FR1083276A (fr) | 1955-01-06 |
| GB753455A (en) | 1956-07-25 |
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