US2784057A - Process for treating spent hypochlorite solutions - Google Patents
Process for treating spent hypochlorite solutions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2784057A US2784057A US383375A US38337553A US2784057A US 2784057 A US2784057 A US 2784057A US 383375 A US383375 A US 383375A US 38337553 A US38337553 A US 38337553A US 2784057 A US2784057 A US 2784057A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hypochlorite
- solution
- boiling
- hypochlorite solutions
- treating spent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical compound Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical class [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101150036753 ASMT gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical class [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019093 NaOCl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001648341 Orites Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 ammonium chloride Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G29/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with other chemicals
- C10G29/06—Metal salts, or metal salts deposited on a carrier
- C10G29/12—Halides
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved Chemical treating process particularly adapted for use inthe refining of oleaginous fractions containing deleterious sulphur compounds, for example hydrocarbon fractions derived from or obtained from mineral oils.
- The'presence'of elemental and combined sulphur is particularly undesirable in lower boiling mineral oilfractions such-as gasolines and kerosines.
- the sulphur in the higher boiling fractions is generally in the form of more or less stable'and neutral organic compounds which have no deleterious effect on the oil; generally no effort is made to remove them.
- the lower-boiling fractions occasionally, contain elemental sulphur in small proportions which may be removed by special procedures.
- Hydrogen sulphide is nearly always present and is removed by any simple method of washing the hydrocarbons with an aqueous alkaline reagent such as caustic soda, soda ash and lime.
- hypochlorites for the sweetening of hydrocarbon fractions is well known.
- Sodium and calcium hypochlorites are the most commonly used although other metal hypochlorites such as aluminium, zinc, manganese, iron or copper may be used.
- hypochlorite on sulphur compounds depends on factors such as the type and molecular weight of the sulphur compounds, the degree of free alkalinity of the hypochlorite solution, the amount of available chlorine, the volume ratio of the hypochlorite solution to the naphtha solution, and the time and intensity of agitation. Generally hypochlorite does not attack all the sulphur compounds and there does not normally result an overall desulphurisation of the oil.
- R represents an organic radical, e. g., methyl, ethyl or propyl.
- the sulphonic acids of the lower molecular weight hydrocarbons and their sodium salts are soluble in water and removed from petroleum distillates by washing.
- hypochlorite solution it is normal for the hypochlorite solution to be a solu tion of sodium hypochlorite with caustic soda. intact, a particularly effective treatment for sweetening thesolu tion contains substantially more caustic than hypochlorite. Thus, normally less than -50 grams/litre of hypochlorite areused whereas the concentration of caustic may be-as low as'2, 5 or 10 grams/litre but is preferably in excessof "50 grams/litre.
- the spent hypochlorite solution i. e. the solution that has been used for treating a hydrocarbonv stream-contains unexpended sodium hypochlorite, caustic soda, sodiumchlqride and various products of the reaction treatment. '3
- This spent hypochlorite solution is useless as it leaves the treatment and yet it contains valuable quantitiesof hypochlorite to render it suitable for addition to therefinery caustic line.
- the solution may be contacted with steam in a jet mix ing zone and then conducted to a decomposing zone. Under these conditions the decomposition takes rather a long time and it has now been discovered that the process may be considerably accelerated by the addition of ammonia or a compound that yields ammonia with the caustic soda under the conditions of regeneration and reacting this ammonia yielding compound at elevated temperature, e. g. by boiling. It is believed that the overall process may be:
- a useful source of ammonia for this process is an ammonium salt such as ammonium chloride, thus:
- ammonia yielding compound was added to the spent hypochlorite and the mixture was boiled for 30 minutes.
- the amount of ammonia or ammonia yielding compound used depends on the rate at which decomposition is required. Aslittle asMt lb. of ammonium chloride per 10 barrels of hypochlorite has some effect but generally the minimum quantity is 1 lb./10 barrels. The upper limit is equally variable; for instance more than 50 lb./ 10 barrels can be used but is economically unjustifiable and leads to undesirable pollution of the refinery line. Genorally from 2 to 20 lb./10 barrels is a preferred range, particularly desirable being the range from 5 to lb./ 10 barrels; In the above table the 2 to 4 grams of ammonium chloride added per liter of hypochlorite is roughly equivalent to 7 to 14 lbs. per 10' barrels of hypochl'orite. I v
- a process for decomposing the hypochlorite in a spent aqueous solution of a metal hypochlorite and an alkali metal hydroxide, which solution has been used for the sweetening of a hydrocarbon distillate which comprises heating the said solution to boiling, adding ammonium chloride thereto, and continuing the boiling for suiiieient time to effect a substantial conversion of the hypochlorite to the corresponding chloride.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
PROCESS FOR TREATING SPENT HYPOCHLORITE SOLUTIONS Thomas D. Chisnall, Southampton, England, assignor. to
Esso Research and Engineering Company, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing.
Serial No. 383,375
2 Claims. (CI. 23-86) Application September-30, 1953,
This invention relates to an improved Chemical treating process particularly adapted for use inthe refining of oleaginous fractions containing deleterious sulphur compounds, for example hydrocarbon fractions derived from or obtained from mineral oils.
The'presence'of elemental and combined sulphur is particularly undesirable in lower boiling mineral oilfractions such-as gasolines and kerosines. The sulphur in the higher boiling fractions is generally in the form of more or less stable'and neutral organic compounds which have no deleterious effect on the oil; generally no effort is made to remove them.
The lower-boiling fractions occasionally, contain elemental sulphur in small proportions which may be removed by special procedures. Hydrogen sulphide is nearly always present and is removed by any simple method of washing the hydrocarbons with an aqueous alkaline reagent such as caustic soda, soda ash and lime.
Cracked naphthas, in particular, nearly always contain small quantities of mercaptans which have an objectionable odour and other undesirable properties. These compounds are commonly transformed by an oxidation procedure known as sweetening into the less odoriferous disulphides which remain in the oil. It is with such a process that this invention is concerned.
The use of hypochlorites for the sweetening of hydrocarbon fractions is well known. Sodium and calcium hypochlorites are the most commonly used although other metal hypochlorites such as aluminium, zinc, manganese, iron or copper may be used.
The action of hypochlorite on sulphur compounds depends on factors such as the type and molecular weight of the sulphur compounds, the degree of free alkalinity of the hypochlorite solution, the amount of available chlorine, the volume ratio of the hypochlorite solution to the naphtha solution, and the time and intensity of agitation. Generally hypochlorite does not attack all the sulphur compounds and there does not normally result an overall desulphurisation of the oil.
Under the mild oxidation mercaptans are converted to disulphides by a mechanism that is believed to be illustrated by the equation:
where R represents an organic radical, e. g., methyl, ethyl or propyl. When the conditions for oxidation are more severe, as with stronger hypochlorite solutions, longer exposure, less alkali, etc., the mercaptans and alkyl disulphides, the latter being the products of the milder oxidation of mercaptans, are converted into the corresponding alkyl sulphonic acids. The simplest equation for this oxidation of the mercaptan is probably:
The sulphonic acids of the lower molecular weight hydrocarbons and their sodium salts are soluble in water and removed from petroleum distillates by washing. The
2,784,057 Patented'Mar.
allkyl sulphides, RzS when energetically oxidised first yield sulphoxides v R2S+NaOCl=RzSO+Nacl and on further oxidation yield sulphones RzS+2NaOCl=RzSO2+2NaCl p v These reactions are purely schematic and are representa-'*' tive of the many and complex reactions that may take place.
It is normal for the hypochlorite solution to be a solu tion of sodium hypochlorite with caustic soda. intact, a particularly effective treatment for sweetening thesolu tion contains substantially more caustic than hypochlorite. Thus, normally less than -50 grams/litre of hypochlorite areused whereas the concentration of caustic may be-as low as'2, 5 or 10 grams/litre but is preferably in excessof "50 grams/litre. It will thus be clear that the spent hypochlorite solution i. e. the solution that has been used for treating a hydrocarbonv stream-contains unexpended sodium hypochlorite, caustic soda, sodiumchlqride and various products of the reaction treatment. '3 This spent hypochlorite solution is useless as it leaves the treatment and yet it contains valuable quantitiesof hypochlorite to render it suitable for addition to therefinery caustic line.
It has now been discovered that the residual hypochlorite in spent hypochlorite solution may be decomposed, the resulting solution will then contain sodium chloride, to give a solution that may be returned to the refinery caustic stream.
The solution may be contacted with steam in a jet mix ing zone and then conducted to a decomposing zone. Under these conditions the decomposition takes rather a long time and it has now been discovered that the process may be considerably accelerated by the addition of ammonia or a compound that yields ammonia with the caustic soda under the conditions of regeneration and reacting this ammonia yielding compound at elevated temperature, e. g. by boiling. It is believed that the overall process may be:
A useful source of ammonia for this process is an ammonium salt such as ammonium chloride, thus:
The benefit of the present invention may be appreciated from the following examples. In these examples an ammonia yielding compound was added to the spent hypochlorite and the mixture was boiled for 30 minutes. Four methods of addition of the ammonia yielding compound-- in this case ammonium chlon'de-were tried, viz.
(1) Solid NH4C1 added to cold hypochlorite and the whole boiled.
(2) Drip feeding solution (0.15 gm. Nl-LzCl per litre) over the entire period of boiling.
(3) Total solution added to boiling hypochlorite instantly and boiling continued.
(4) Solution added over a period of one minute to boiling hypochlorite.
a I Y, 3 The results of these four methods of addition are below:
After 3 hours.
The amount of ammonia or ammonia yielding compound used depends on the rate at which decomposition is required. Aslittle asMt lb. of ammonium chloride per 10 barrels of hypochlorite has some effect but generally the minimum quantity is 1 lb./10 barrels. The upper limit is equally variable; for instance more than 50 lb./ 10 barrels can be used but is economically unjustifiable and leads to undesirable pollution of the refinery line. Genorally from 2 to 20 lb./10 barrels is a preferred range, particularly desirable being the range from 5 to lb./ 10 barrels; In the above table the 2 to 4 grams of ammonium chloride added per liter of hypochlorite is roughly equivalent to 7 to 14 lbs. per 10' barrels of hypochl'orite. I v
' The duration or boiling will obviously depend on the amount of sodium hypochlorite that can be tolerated in the refinery line. It has been found that the addition of 7- lb'. of ammonium chloride per 10 barrels of hypochlogiven rite reduced the time of decomposition to" a tolerable level from 24 hours to 3 hours with consequent saving. of fuel and capacity.
What I claim is:
1. A process for decomposing the hypochlorite in a spent aqueous solution of a metal hypochlorite and an alkali metal hydroxide, which solution has been used for the sweetening of a hydrocarbon distillate, which comprises heating the said solution to boiling, adding ammonium chloride thereto, and continuing the boiling for suiiieient time to effect a substantial conversion of the hypochlorite to the corresponding chloride.
2. Process as defined by claim 1 wherein from 2 to 20 pounds of ammonium chloride are added per 10 barrels of spent hypochlorite solution.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 910,858 Raschig Jan. 26, 1909 1,480,166 Joyner Jan. 8, 1924 2,228,295 Yabrofi Ian. 14, 1941 2,550,668 Brandon May 1, 1951 2,608,523 Waddell et al Aug. 26, 1952 2,631,121 Linn Mar. 10, 1953 2,675,298 Weiler et a1 Apr. 13, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS 139 Great Britain A. D. 1908 OTHER REFERENCES The Chem. of Hydrazine, by Audrieth and Ogg, pp. 29-31, 35, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., N. Y.
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS FOR DECOMPOSING THE HYPOCHLORITE IN A SPENT AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF A METAL HYPOCHLORITE AND AN ALKALI METAL HYDROXIDE, WHICH SOLUTION HAS BEEN USED FOR THE SWEETENING OF A HYDROCARBON DISTILLATE, WHICH COMPRISES HEATING THE SAID SOLUTION TO BOILING, ADDING AMMONIUM CHLORIDE THERETO, AND CONTINUING THE BOILING FOR SUFFICIENT TIME TO EFFECT A SUBSTANTIAL CONVERSION OF THE HYPOCHLORITE TO THE CORRESPONDING CHLORIDE.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2784057X | 1952-10-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2784057A true US2784057A (en) | 1957-03-05 |
Family
ID=10915266
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US383375A Expired - Lifetime US2784057A (en) | 1952-10-15 | 1953-09-30 | Process for treating spent hypochlorite solutions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2784057A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3872220A (en) * | 1974-01-24 | 1975-03-18 | Foote Mineral Co | Process for the production of lithium chloride |
| US4404179A (en) * | 1980-08-04 | 1983-09-13 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Destruction of hypochlorite |
| US4508697A (en) * | 1983-07-28 | 1985-04-02 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hypochlorite destruction using urea |
| US4605537A (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1986-08-12 | Freeport Minerals Company | Sulfide as a hypochlorite kill agent |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB190800139A (en) * | 1906-11-22 | 1908-04-02 | Friedrich Raschig | Improvements in the Manufacture of Hydrazine. |
| US910858A (en) * | 1907-10-31 | 1909-01-26 | Friedrich Raschig | Production of hydrazin. |
| US1480166A (en) * | 1923-01-18 | 1924-01-08 | Du Pont | Manufacture of hydrazine |
| US2228295A (en) * | 1939-11-25 | 1941-01-14 | Shell Dev | Regeneration of spent aqueous solutions of caustic alkali containing mercaptides |
| US2550668A (en) * | 1949-04-08 | 1951-05-01 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Hypochlorite sweetening process |
| US2608523A (en) * | 1951-07-30 | 1952-08-26 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Hypochlorite sweetening of distillates |
| US2631121A (en) * | 1949-08-13 | 1953-03-10 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Hypochlorite sweetening process |
| US2675298A (en) * | 1950-03-25 | 1954-04-13 | Olin Mathieson | Hydrazine manufacture |
-
1953
- 1953-09-30 US US383375A patent/US2784057A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB190800139A (en) * | 1906-11-22 | 1908-04-02 | Friedrich Raschig | Improvements in the Manufacture of Hydrazine. |
| US910858A (en) * | 1907-10-31 | 1909-01-26 | Friedrich Raschig | Production of hydrazin. |
| US1480166A (en) * | 1923-01-18 | 1924-01-08 | Du Pont | Manufacture of hydrazine |
| US2228295A (en) * | 1939-11-25 | 1941-01-14 | Shell Dev | Regeneration of spent aqueous solutions of caustic alkali containing mercaptides |
| US2550668A (en) * | 1949-04-08 | 1951-05-01 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Hypochlorite sweetening process |
| US2631121A (en) * | 1949-08-13 | 1953-03-10 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Hypochlorite sweetening process |
| US2675298A (en) * | 1950-03-25 | 1954-04-13 | Olin Mathieson | Hydrazine manufacture |
| US2608523A (en) * | 1951-07-30 | 1952-08-26 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Hypochlorite sweetening of distillates |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3872220A (en) * | 1974-01-24 | 1975-03-18 | Foote Mineral Co | Process for the production of lithium chloride |
| US4404179A (en) * | 1980-08-04 | 1983-09-13 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Destruction of hypochlorite |
| US4508697A (en) * | 1983-07-28 | 1985-04-02 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Hypochlorite destruction using urea |
| US4605537A (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1986-08-12 | Freeport Minerals Company | Sulfide as a hypochlorite kill agent |
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