US2776618A - Printing cylinders for high-speed printing systems - Google Patents

Printing cylinders for high-speed printing systems Download PDF

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US2776618A
US2776618A US360998A US36099853A US2776618A US 2776618 A US2776618 A US 2776618A US 360998 A US360998 A US 360998A US 36099853 A US36099853 A US 36099853A US 2776618 A US2776618 A US 2776618A
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printing
type
character
line
characters
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US360998A
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Richard A Hartley
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Raytheon Co
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Hughes Aircraft Co
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Priority to US377818A priority patent/US2766686A/en
Priority to US379045A priority patent/US2850566A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J9/00—Hammer-impression mechanisms
    • B41J9/26—Means for operating hammers to effect impression
    • B41J9/32—Means for operating hammers to effect impression arranged to be clutched to snatch roll
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J9/00—Hammer-impression mechanisms
    • B41J9/02—Hammers; Arrangements thereof
    • B41J9/10—Hammers; Arrangements thereof of more than one hammer, e.g. one for each character position
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K15/00—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers
    • G06K15/02—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers
    • G06K15/06—Arrangements for producing a permanent visual presentation of the output data, e.g. computer output printers using printers by type-wheel printers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/42—Means for tensioning webs

Definitions

  • This invention relates to printing cylinders for highspeed printing systems and more particularly to continuously rotatable printing cylinders for serially operable high-speed printing systems in which one line of intelligence information is printed on a printing medium during one revolution of the printing cylinder.
  • the prior art printing systems have two modes of operation, namely, parallel, wherein all like characters in the line of intelligence information are printed simultaneously, and serial, wherein each character in the line of intelligence information is printed sequentially.
  • the printing is accomplished by selectively energizing a plurality 'of printing transducers to bring an intermittently movable printing medium into engagement with a rotatable printing cylinder having a plurality of longitudinally aligned rows of type characters about its periphery.
  • the electrical signals corresponding to all of the characters in the line of intelligence information are read simultaneously and compared with a signal representing the type
  • the information signals corresponding to the type character signal are then utilized to actuate their associated printing transducers in parallel.
  • the complete line of intelligence information is compared with type character signals corresponding to all of the characters which may be printed during one revolution of the printing cylinder and, therefore, the complete line of intelligence information is printed during one revolution of the printing cylinder.
  • the electrical signals corresponding to the signals in the line of intelligence information are serially read and sequentially compared with a signal representing the type character in position to be printed.
  • the information signals corresponding to the type character signal are then utilized to serially actuate the associated printing transducers, while the printing cylinder is held stationary.
  • a continuously rotatable printing cylinder is utilized for printing a line of intelligence information on an intermittently movable printing medium.
  • this prior art printing system only one character in the line of intelligence information may be printed during each revolution of the printing cylinder.
  • This prior art printing system therefore, has the obvious disadvantage of being a relatively slow-speed device, since it requires as many revolutions of its associated printing cylinder as there are characters in the line of intelligence information to be printed.
  • the present invention obviates the above and other disadvantages of the prior art printing systems by providing a skewed-type printing cylinder which enables a serially operable printing system to print on a continuously movable or intermittently movable printing medium a full line of intelligence information during one revolution of the printing cylinder.
  • each row of type characters on the printing cylinder is skewed so that the last character in each row is in substantially longitudinal alignment with the first character in the next succeeding row of type characters.
  • any given type character row is sequentially passed beneath all of the associated printing transducers as the printing cylinder is continuously rotated and, as a result, each type character in each row of type characters has its own discrete and printing position relative to the rotation of the printing cylinder. Accordingly, an entire line of serially presented intelligence information may be printed during one revolution of the skewed-type printing cylinder of this invention, by sequentially comparing the electrical signals corresponding to the characters in the line of intelligence information with an electrical signal corresponding to the row of type characters which is simulta neously being passed sequentially beneath the associated printing transducers.
  • a skewed-type printing cylinder in which the type characters in each row of type characters are immediately adjacent the type characters in the succeeding row of type characters, thereby most efficiently utilizing the available area of the printing cylinder periphery.
  • the printing medium is advanced intermittently after each line of intelligence information has been printed.
  • a skewed-type printing cylinder which may be utilized to print on a continuously movable printing medium one line of intelligence information during one revolution of the printing cylinder.
  • the characters in each row of type characters are spaced from the characters in the succeeding row of type characters by a distance equal to or slightly greater than the height of a type character.
  • the present invention provides modified forms of each of the above embodiments of the present invention, wherein a predetermined portion of the printing cylinder periphery is left vacant. In this manner a time interval is provided during each revolution of the printing cylinder for entering in associated. electrical circuits additional lines of intelligence information to be printed, thereby enabling the serially operable printing system to print one complete line of intelligence information during each revolution of the skewed-type printing cylinder of this invention.
  • An additional object of this invention is to provide continuously rotatable skewed-type printing cylinders for serially printing a full line of intelligence information during one revolution of the printing cylinder.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a continuously rotatable skewed-type printing cylinder which may be utilized in a serially operable printing system to print on a continuously moving printing me dium a line of intelligence information for each revolution of the printing cylinder.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide printing cylinders for serially operable printing systems in which the printing cylinders include a plurality of skewed rows of type characters disposed about a portion of the periphery of the type cylinder in order to print one line of intelligence information during each revolution of the printing cylinder.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a serially operable printing system which includes one embodiment of a skewed-type printing cylinder, according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating the operational printing sequence of the printing system shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a modified form of the printing cylinder shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is an isometric view of another embodiment of 4% a skewed-type printing cylinder, according to the present invention.
  • Figs. 4a, 4b and 4c are cross-sectional views of the skewed-type printing cylinder shown in Fig. 4 illustrating its mode of operation;
  • Fig. 5 is an end view of a modified form of the skewedtype printing cylinder shown in Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 1 a serially operable high-speed printing system which utilizes one form of skewed-type printing cylinder according to the present invention for serially printing intelligence information a line at a time.
  • the high-speed printing system includes three basic components, namely, an electronic data handling system for serially presenting electrical output signals corresponding to the intelligence information which is to be printed, a continuously rotatable sllewed-type printing cylinder and its associated drive mechanism 102, and a printing transducer network, generally designated 104, selectively operable in response to the output signals from the data handling system and in cooperation with printing cylinder 100, to serially print on a printing medium 106 the intelligence information corresponding to the output signals.
  • an electronic data handling system for serially presenting electrical output signals corresponding to the intelligence information which is to be printed
  • a continuously rotatable sllewed-type printing cylinder and its associated drive mechanism 102 and a printing transducer network, generally designated 104, selectively operable in response to the output signals from the data handling system and
  • transducer network 104 includes ten printing transducers, 110 to 119, corresponding, respectively, to the ten spaces or columns in the line.
  • printing medium 106 is moved intermittently relative to the printing transducers, or in other words, that the printing medium remains stationary while one line of intelligence information is printed, and is then advanced one line prior to the printing of the succeeding line.
  • the electronic data handling system which is utilized to selectively operate the printing transducers is preferably similar to that shown in the copending application for patent of Eldred Nelson, entitled High-Speed Printing System, Serial Number 379,045, filed September 8, 1953, which discloses a data handling system and associated printer for serially printing stored intelligence information coded in the binary system of numbers.
  • the intelligence information to be printed is stored in a data storage unit which includes a memory unit 122 for storing electrical signals corresponding to the successive characters of one line of intelligence information.
  • Memory unit 122 which may. be a magnetic drum, for example, is operable in cooperation with a shifting register 3.24 to function as a circulating register in order to serially present at the output circuit of shifting register 124 elec trical signals corresponding to the successive characters of the stored line of intelligence information.
  • memory unit 120 is synchronized with drive mechanism 102 in order to circulate the intelligence information through shifting register 124 once for each character represented on type cylinder 100, thereby assuring that the full line of information is scanned once for each character which may be printed during one revolution of type cylinder 100.
  • Data storage unit 120 also includes a clock pulse generator 126 operable under the control of memory unit 122 to apply a periodically recurring clock pulse signal to a column counter 128 which controls the operational sequence of printing transducers 11G to 119 by sequentially openingeach of ten respectively associated and gates 130through 139 in accordance with the spacing in the line of intelligence information of the character represented by the output signal from register 124.
  • a clock pulse generator 126 operable under the control of memory unit 122 to apply a periodically recurring clock pulse signal to a column counter 128 which controls the operational sequence of printing transducers 11G to 119 by sequentially openingeach of ten respectively associated and gates 130through 139 in accordance with the spacing in the line of intelligence information of the character represented by the output signal from register 124.
  • the data handling system In order to selectively energize transducers 104 to print the proper type characters on medium 106, the data handling system also iicludes component circuits for indicating the rotational position of type cylinder 100 relative to the printing transducers. Accordingly, the data handling system includes a character counter 140 which is electrically indexed according to the position of type cylinder 100 by an associated pulse generator 142 which, in turn, is operated under the control of typecylinder drive mechanism 102. Character counter 140 thus presents an electrical output signal corresponding to the character on printing cylinder ltltl which is in position to be printed.
  • the output signal from character counter 140 is applied to a comparator circuit 144 which functions to compare the output signals from shifting register 124 and character counter 140 in order to present an electrical output signal to energize a preselected one of printing transducers 110 to 119 whenever the signals presented by shifting register 124 and counter 140 correspond to the same information character.
  • the specific printing transducer which is energized to print is, of course, determined by which of the associated gates has been opened by column counter 128. For example, if comparator 144 produces an output signal when the signal presented at the output circuit of shifting register 124 corresponds to the character in the fourth space of the stored line of intelligence information, gate 133 will be opened by column counter 128 and transducer 113 will therefore be energized to print the desired character in the fourth space or column on printing me dium 106.
  • Printing transducers 110 to 119 are preferably similar to the printing transducers shownin the co-pending application for patent of Baldwin et al., entitled Electromechanical Transducer, Serial Number 377,956, filed September 1, 1953, now abandoned, or the co-pending application for patent of Fomenko et al., entitled High- Speed Printing Transducer," Serial Number 377,818, filed September 1, 1953.
  • each printing transducer includes a hammer, such as hammer 146 of transducer 110, which is adapted to move toward skewedtype printing cylinder 100 upon energization of its associated transducer, thereby printing on medium 106 the type character on type cylinder 100 which is beneath the hammer when the transducer is energized.
  • the skewed-type printing cylinder includes a series or plurality of skewed rows of raised type characters, one row being provided for each different type character which may be printed.
  • the number of type characters provided in each row corresponds to the number of columns or spaces which may be printed in one line.
  • each character is skewed with respect to the other characters in the same row so that the last character in each row is in substantial longitudinal alignment with the first character in the next succeeding row
  • the circumferential displacement through which each type character is skewed with respect to adjacent type characters in the same row is identical to the circumferential displacement the last type character in each row is skewed with respect to the first type character in the next succeeding row, this distance being determined for printing cylinder 100 by the following equation:
  • each row of type characters includes ten identical type characters corresponding to the ten columns or spaces in the line of intelligence information to be printed on medium 106, each character being circumferentially displaced with respect to adjacent characters by the distance Stated difierently, the circumferential displacement from the bottom of one type character in any row to the bottom of the adjacent type character in the row is equal to In a similar manner, the circumferential displacement between the bottom of the last type character in any row and the bottom of the first type character in the succeeding row is equal to The direction of skew of the rows of type characters is determined by the direction of rotation of the printing cylinder and by the sequence in whichrthe associated printing transducers would be energized if the line to be printed contained the same character in each line space.
  • Fig. 1 for example, if it is assumed that printingcylinder 100 is to be rotated at constant speed in the direction of arrow 148 and that transducers 100 to 119 are sequentially energizable from left to right, the direction of skew is upward from left to right as viewed in operation, the time interval required for printing cylinder 1th) to traverse the skewing distance or circumferential displacement per character is substantially identical to the time interval required for the circulating register to shift into shifting register 124 the next succeeding character in the stored line of intelligence information.
  • Fig. 2 there is shown a diagram correlating the printing spaces zero to nine with the type characters which are in printing position in order to illustrate the sequence in which a typical line of intelligence information may be printed.
  • the line of intelligence information to be printed includes the sequential characters, 0340549236 and that the first zero in the zeros row on skewed-type printing cylinder 100 is immediately beneath hammer 146 of transducer when the first character of the line of intelligence information is shifted into shifting register 124. Accordingly, comparator circuit 144 will now produce an output signal,
  • skewed-type printing cylinder 100 continues to rotate so that first transducer 111 and then transducer 112 are in position for printing the character zero.
  • comparator circuit 144 produces no output signal for operating these transducers at this time, because the output signal from character counter corresponds to the decimal character zero whereas the characters represented by the output signals from shifting register 124 correspond to the sequential information characters three and four.
  • comparator circuit 144 produces'an output signal to energize transducer 113 to print in the fourth column or space of medium 106 the character zero, as shown in Fig. 2.
  • a succeeding line of intelligence information is simultaneously entered into data storage unit 120 through associated circuits, not shown, in order to prepare the electronic data handling system for presenting the succeeding line of intelligence information to be printed.
  • printing cylinder 100 continues to rotate. Accordingly, when the printing system is ready to print the next succeeding line of intelligence information, printing cylinder lfltlmay be in a position relative to the printing transducers which is different from the starting position assumed for printing the preceding line of intelligence information.
  • either of two methods may be utilized to coordinate the printing system to start the printing. of the next succeeding line- Firstly, printing cylinder 100 may be permitted to ro-
  • drive mechanism 102 operates to tate through one complete revolution during which no printing is done in order to provide a time interval for advancing printing medium 106 and for entering additional intelligence information in the data storage unit. if this technique is utilized, the printing system effectively averages two revolutions of the printing cylinder for each line which is printed, although the actual printing is done during only one revolution of the printing cylinder.
  • the second method which may be utilized is to start printing the succeeding line of intelligence information whenever the printing medium and the data handling system are prepared for printing the succeeding line.
  • the printing system may start the printing operation by first scanning the line of intelligence information for the character two.
  • printing cylinder 300 includes a plurality of skewed rows of type characters, such as characters zero to nine, for example, which are disposed about only a portion of the periphery of the printing cylinder with a vacant space existing between the first and last rows of type characters.
  • the printing cylinder periphery which should be left vacant it is preferable first to determine the number of lines of intelligence information which could be printed during the time required to intermittently advance the printing medium and to enter an additional line of intelligence information in the data storage unit.
  • the periphery of the type cylinder is then divided into an integral number of segments, the number of segments being equal to the number of type characters which may be printed during one revolution plus the number of lines which could be printed during the advance of the printing medium.
  • cylinder 300 includes two vacant segments 302 and 304 between type character nine and type character zero.
  • a full line of intelligence information may now be printed, in the manner previously described with reference to Fig. 2, during only of a revolution of printing cylinder 3049.
  • the printing medium may be advanced and additional information may be entered into the data storage unit while the printing cylinder is completing its revolution and while blank segments 302 and 304 are passing beneath the-printing transducers.
  • the. printing system is now capable of printing one full line of intelligence information for each revolution of the skewed type printing cylinder of this invention.
  • r the radius ofthe printing cylinder
  • n the number of rows of type characters
  • s a number, preferably an integer, which is not less than the value of n. 1
  • the printing. medium remains stationary while each line of intelligence information is printed, and is moved intermittently between successive printing operations. It will be apparent from the description below, however, that the skewed-type printing cylinders of the present invention may also be utilized to serially print a line of intelligence information on a printing medium which moves continuously relative to the printing transducers.
  • a skewed-type printing cylinder 400 which may be employed with the data handling system and transducers shown in Fig. 1 for printing on a continuously movable printing medium.
  • Printing cylinder 400 is similar to the previously described skewed-type printing cylinder 100 of Fig. l with regard to the number of skewed rows of type characters and the manner in which each individual character is circurnferentially displaced with respect to adjacent characters.
  • the principal difierence between these printing cylinders is that the type characters in each row of type characters on printing cylinder 400 are separated or spaced from the type characters in the adjacent rows by a distance equal to at least the height of one type character.
  • the distance 4'02 between type characters zero and one is equal to or larger than the height of any one type character, as designated by the distance 404.
  • the direction in which the rows of type characters are skewed on printing cylinder 400 has been reversed in order to illustrate how the type characters may be skewed when the printing cylinder is rotated in the direction of arrow 406.
  • FIGs. 4a, 4b and 4c there are shown three cross-sectional views of printing cylinder 400, taken through the first column of type characters, which illustrate the cooperation of the printing cylinder and a printing transducer hammer 410 in printing either the characters zero, five or nine, respectively, in a given line on a printing medium 412.
  • Printing medium 412 is positioned between hammer 410 and printing cylinder 400 and is continuously moved in the direction of arrow 413 at the rate of one line per revolution of the printing cylinder.
  • the movement of the printing medium relative to hammer 410 during one revolution of the printing cylinder is illustrated in Figs. 4a, 4b and 40 by the respective positions of a reference point 414 on the printing medium.
  • the printing positions of the different type characters relative to hammer 410 must be sequentially varied in accordance with the movement of the printing medium relative to the printing hammer.
  • One manner in which this may be accomplished is by varying the time at which the printing transducer is energizable to print succeeding characters. For example, if hammer 410 is movable to print only when its center line 416 is aligned with one of the ten timing marks to to 19, corresponding to the ten rows of type characters, respectively, it may be seen that each type character has a different printing position relative to the printing surface of the hammer.
  • the width of hammer 416 is made equal to the distance separating the start one type character from the start of the next type character.
  • the width of each printing hammer is equal to the sum of distances 402 and 404, as shown in Fig. 4, in order to provide suflicient hammer printing surface to cooperate fully with any type character which may be printed.
  • skewed-type printing cylinder 400 when it is desired to print the character zero on printing medium 412 in a line centered about reference point 414.
  • Fig. 4a assume .that the instant when reference point 414 is directly over type character zero, timing mark to is aligned with center line 416 of hammer 410. Accordingly, hammer 4111 is actuated to print the character zero utilizing only the right hand portion of the hammer, as viewed in Fig. 4a.
  • hammer 410 is actuated to print the character five when the character is substantially centered with respect to the hammer, or, in other words, when timing mark is is aligned with center line 416 of the printing hammer.
  • Fig. 40 it may be seen from Fig. 40 that the left-hand portion of hammer 410 would be utilized in order to print the character nine on a line centered about reference point 414.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown an end view of a skewed-type printing cylinder 500, according to the present invention, which includes two blank or vacant spaces 502 and 504 between the type character zero and the type character nine.
  • printing cylinder 500 is utilized in the printing system of Fig. 1, several distinct advantages may be realized.
  • the complete vacant space between type character rows zero and nine will provide additional separation between the printed characters in two successive lines of intelligence information printed on the printing medium.
  • the spacing designated 502 provides a time interval during each revolution of the printing cylinder when no printing is done, thereby permitting the entry of additional intelligence information in the associated data handling system. It will be recognized that the time interval during each revolution which corresponds to the spacing designated 504 is that interval in which the line of intelligence information is serially compared in the associated comparator circuit for printing the character nine.
  • a skewed-type printing cylinder of the general configuration shown in Fig. 5 may also be provided in which the type characters subtend an even smaller portion of the printing cylinder periphery in the manner shown in Fig. 3, thereby providing even larger spacing on the printing medium between successive lines of printed intelligence information.
  • additional spacing between the first and last type characters on the printing cylinder will provide additional time in which to enter new intelligence information into the data storage unit, after one line is printed, but before the printing cylinder has completed one revolution and is in position relative to the transducers for printing the succeeding line of intelligence information.
  • the arc subtended by the type characters on the printing cylinder periphery may often be of the order of 240 or less.
  • each of the basic skewedtype printing cylinders shown in Figs. 1 and 4 has certain relative advantages over the other.
  • printing cylinder 400 in Fig. 4 may be utilized to print on a continuously moving printing medium, whereas the use of printing cylinder 100 in Fig. 1 requires that the printing medium be intermittently advanced one line at a time, thereby requiring slightly more complicated mechanical structure in drive mechanism 102.
  • printing cylinder 100 most efficiently utilizes the available surface of the printing cylinder by virtue of the fact that adjacent rows of type characters are closely packed, whereas the adjacent rows of type characters on printing cylinder 4% are spaced from each other by the height of a type character.
  • printing cylinder 100 permits the use of type characters of substantially twice the size of the corresponding type characters on printing cylinder 4-00.
  • the individual type characters may be engraved on the skewed-type printing cylinders of the present invention, if it is desired to print on the surface of the printing medium facing the printing cylinder.
  • the skewed-type printing cylinders of the present invention provide continuously rotatable printing cylinders which may be utilized with a serially operable printing system to print on a continuously movable or intermittently movable printing medium a full line of intelligence information during one revolution of the printing cylinder.
  • a continuously rotatable printing cylinder assembly for a serially operable printing system, said assembly comprising: a plurality of sequentially energizable printing transducers, disposed along a straight line, for printing intelligence information, a cylindrical member having an axis and being rotatable about said axis, said axis being substantially parallel to a reference line taken through a corresponding point on each of the plurality of transducers; and a series of rows of type characters longitudinally disposed about at least aportion of the periphery of said cylindrical member, each of said rows being identically skewed with respect to said axis of said cylindrical member and with respect to each other, each row corresponding to a different type character and the characters in each row being identical and corresponding in number to the number of transducers, the distance between adjacent rows being constant, the last type character in at least one of said rows being in substantially longitudinal alignment with the first type character in the succeeding row.
  • each of said rows of type characters is separated from the adjacent rows by a distance equal to at least the height of one type character.
  • a continuously rotatable printing cylinder assembly for a serially operable printing system, said assembly comprising: a plurality of electrically controllable printing transducers, disposed along a substantially straight line, for printing intelligence information; a rotatable cylindrical printing member; and at least first and second rows of type characters disposed about a portion of the cylindrical surface of said printing member, said first row of type characters including a plurality of like type characters corresponding in number to the number of printing transducers, said second row including a corresponding plurality of like type characters different from the characters in said first row, correspondingly positioned type characters in said respective rows being selectively operably disposed with respect to a correspondingly disposed transducer in said line of transducers, each of said rows of type characters being skewed relative to the axis of rotation of said printing member, each of said type characters in each of said rows being circumferentially displaced from the adjacent type characters in the same row by a distance (d) defined by the equation,
  • a continuously rotatable printing cylinder assembly for a serially operable printing system, said assembly comprising: a cylindrical printing member having a longitudinal axis and being rotatable thereabout, the periphery of said member being divided into first and second longitudinal portions; a series of substantially longitudinally disposed rows of type characters distributed uniformly about said first portion of the periphery of said cylindrical member, each of said rows being identically skewed with respect to said axis, a plurality of adjacent and sequentially energizable printing transducers, respectively operatively disposed with respect to said type characters and operable in conjunction with said cylindrical printing member for printing intelligence information, the number of type characters in each of said rows corresponding to the number of printing transducers, each row corresponding to a different character and the characters of each row being identical; the circumferential spacing between adjacent characters in each row being equal to the circumferential spacing between the last character in one row and the first character in the succeeding row whereby intelligence information may be sequentially printed when said first portion of said member is adjacent said
  • a high-speed printing system for serially printing a plurality of characters, represented by a corresponding plurality of applied electrical signals, respectively, in a line upon a printing medium
  • the combination comprising: a plurality of printing transducers corresponding to the number of characters in the line to be printed, said transducers being positioned adjacent one surface of the printing medium in a plane extending through the medium along the line; and a printing cylinder rotatable about an axis in the plane of said transducers, said cylinder being positioned adjacent the other surface of the printing medium and having a series of identically skewed rows of type characters longitudinally disposed about at least a portion of its periphery, each or said rows corresponding to a dilferent character to be printed and including a plurality of identical type characters corresponding to said plurality of transducers respectively, the last type character of at least one of said rows being in substantially longitudinal alignment with the first type character of the succeeding row.
  • a high-speed printing system for serially printing a plurality of characters, represented by a corresponding plurality of applied electrical signals, respectively, in a line upon a printing medium
  • the combination comprising: a plurality of printing transducers corresponding to the number of characters in the line to be printed, said transducers being positioned adjacent one surface of the printing medium in a plane extending through the medium along the line; a printing cylinder having an axis in the plane of said transducers and being rotatable about said axis, said cylinder being positioned adjacent to the other surface of the printing medium and having a series of identically skewed rows of type characters longitudinally disposed about at least a portion of its periphery, each of said rows corresponding to a diflerent character to be printed and including a plurality of identical type characters corresponding to said plurality of transducers respectively, the last type character of at least one of said rows being in substantially longitudinal alignment with the first type character of the succeeding row; means for continuously rotating said printing cylinder to sequential
  • a serially operable high-speed printing system for printing a plurality of characters in a line of intelligence information represented by a corresponding plurality of applied electrical signals, respectively, in a line upon a printing medium
  • the combination comprising: a plurality of printing transducers corresponding to the sequential characters in the line of intelligence information to be printed, said transducers being positioned adjacent one surface of the printing medium in a plane extending through the medium along the line; a printing cylinder rotatable about an axis in the plane of said transducers, said cylinder being positioned adjacent the other surface of the printing medium and having a series of identically skewed rows of type characters longitudinally disposed about at least a portion of the periphery thereof, each of said rows corresponding to a different character to be printed and including a plurality of identical type characters corresponding to said plurality of transducers, respectively, the last type character of at least one of said rows being circumferentially displaced from the first type character of the succeeding row by a distance equal to the circumfer

Description

Jan. 8, 1957' A, HARTLEY 2,776,618
PRINTING CYLINDERS FOR HIGH-SPEED PRINTING SYSTEMS Filed June 11, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 l ra-4 IN VEN TOR. flay/1.0 4. awn. BY
character in position to be printed.
United States Patent PRINTING CYLINDERS FOR HIGH-SPEED PRINTING SYSTEMS Richard A. Hartley, North Hollywood, Calif., assignor, by mesne assignments, to Hughes Aircraft Company, a corporation of Delaware Application June 11, 1953, Serial No. 360,998
11 Claims. (Cl. 101-93) This invention relates to printing cylinders for highspeed printing systems and more particularly to continuously rotatable printing cylinders for serially operable high-speed printing systems in which one line of intelligence information is printed on a printing medium during one revolution of the printing cylinder.
Relatively recent advances in the field of high-speed electronic data processing machines have fostered the need for relatively high-speed output devices to convert processed intelligence information in the form of electrical signals to visual indications of the results of the data processing operation. In particular, there has been an ever increasing need in the art for high-speed printing systems to rapidly convert the electrical output signals from the data processing machines to a printed record.
The prior art printing systems have two modes of operation, namely, parallel, wherein all like characters in the line of intelligence information are printed simultaneously, and serial, wherein each character in the line of intelligence information is printed sequentially. In both modes of operation the printing is accomplished by selectively energizing a plurality 'of printing transducers to bring an intermittently movable printing medium into engagement with a rotatable printing cylinder having a plurality of longitudinally aligned rows of type characters about its periphery.
In the parallel printing systems of the prior art, the electrical signals corresponding to all of the characters in the line of intelligence information are read simultaneously and compared with a signal representing the type The information signals corresponding to the type character signal are then utilized to actuate their associated printing transducers in parallel. In this manner, the complete line of intelligence information is compared with type character signals corresponding to all of the characters which may be printed during one revolution of the printing cylinder and, therefore, the complete line of intelligence information is printed during one revolution of the printing cylinder. Although this type of prior art printing system operates at relatively high speed, the electrical circuits required to provide parallel operation are both relatively expensive and complex, In addition, the duplication of electrical circuits required to effect parallel operation inherently limits the reliability of this prior art system.
In the serially operable printing systems of the prior art the electrical signals corresponding to the signals in the line of intelligence information are serially read and sequentially compared with a signal representing the type character in position to be printed. The information signals corresponding to the type character signal are then utilized to serially actuate the associated printing transducers, while the printing cylinder is held stationary. In this manner, all like characters corresponding to the printing cylinder position are sequentially printed on the printing medium, after which the printing cylinder is intermittently rotated to each of the succeeding type char- "ice 6 line of intelligence information during one revolution of information is sequentially compared with the type charthe printing cylinder, it is inherently limited in its speed of operation by the fact that the printing cylinder must be intermittently rotated through each revolution in order to position each row of type characters beneath the printing transducers While the complete line of intelligence acter signal. In addition, the printing medium must also be intermittently advanced one line at a time at the end of each printing operation, since the printing medium must also be held stationary during the printing of each line.
In still another serially operable printing system of the prior art, a continuously rotatable printing cylinder is utilized for printing a line of intelligence information on an intermittently movable printing medium. According to this prior art printing system, however, only one character in the line of intelligence information may be printed during each revolution of the printing cylinder. This prior art printing system, therefore, has the obvious disadvantage of being a relatively slow-speed device, since it requires as many revolutions of its associated printing cylinder as there are characters in the line of intelligence information to be printed.
The present invention, on the other hand, obviates the above and other disadvantages of the prior art printing systems by providing a skewed-type printing cylinder which enables a serially operable printing system to print on a continuously movable or intermittently movable printing medium a full line of intelligence information during one revolution of the printing cylinder. According to the basic feature of the present invention, each row of type characters on the printing cylinder is skewed so that the last character in each row is in substantially longitudinal alignment with the first character in the next succeeding row of type characters. Thus, any given type character row is sequentially passed beneath all of the associated printing transducers as the printing cylinder is continuously rotated and, as a result, each type character in each row of type characters has its own discrete and printing position relative to the rotation of the printing cylinder. Accordingly, an entire line of serially presented intelligence information may be printed during one revolution of the skewed-type printing cylinder of this invention, by sequentially comparing the electrical signals corresponding to the characters in the line of intelligence information with an electrical signal corresponding to the row of type characters which is simulta neously being passed sequentially beneath the associated printing transducers.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, a skewed-type printing cylinder is provided in which the type characters in each row of type characters are immediately adjacent the type characters in the succeeding row of type characters, thereby most efficiently utilizing the available area of the printing cylinder periphery. In this embodiment of the present invention, the printing medium is advanced intermittently after each line of intelligence information has been printed.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, a skewed-type printing cylinder is provided which may be utilized to print on a continuously movable printing medium one line of intelligence information during one revolution of the printing cylinder. In this embodiment of the invention, the characters in each row of type characters are spaced from the characters in the succeeding row of type characters by a distance equal to or slightly greater than the height of a type character.
In addition, the present invention provides modified forms of each of the above embodiments of the present invention, wherein a predetermined portion of the printing cylinder periphery is left vacant. In this manner a time interval is provided during each revolution of the printing cylinder for entering in associated. electrical circuits additional lines of intelligence information to be printed, thereby enabling the serially operable printing system to print one complete line of intelligence information during each revolution of the skewed-type printing cylinder of this invention.
It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide continuously rotatable printing cylinders for serially operable high-speed printing systems.
It is another object of this invention to provide continuously rotatable printing cylinders for printing one line of intelligence information during one revolution of the printing cylinder in serially operable high-speed'printing systems.
An additional object of this invention is to provide continuously rotatable skewed-type printing cylinders for serially printing a full line of intelligence information during one revolution of the printing cylinder.
It is also an object of this invention to provide continuously rotatable skewed-type printing cylinders operable in conjunction with a plurality of associated printing transducers to sequentially print all of the characters in a line of intelligence information during one revolu tion of the printing cylinder.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a continuously rotatable skewed-type printing cylinder for use in a serially operable printing system to print on an intermittently movable printing medium a line of intelligence information for each revolution of the printing cylinder.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a continuously rotatable skewed-type printing cylinder which may be utilized in a serially operable printing system to print on a continuously moving printing me dium a line of intelligence information for each revolution of the printing cylinder.
It is still another object of this invention to provide skewed-type printing cylinders for serially operable printing systems, the rows of type characters on the printing cylinders being skewed relative to the axis of rotation of the cylinder so that the last type character in-each row of type characters is in substantial longitudinal alignment with the first type character in the succeeding row.
Still another object of this invention is to provide printing cylinders for serially operable printing systems in which the printing cylinders include a plurality of skewed rows of type characters disposed about a portion of the periphery of the type cylinder in order to print one line of intelligence information during each revolution of the printing cylinder.
The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the invention, both as to its organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, will be better understood from the following description considered in connection with the accompanying drawings in which several embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of examples. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only, and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a serially operable printing system which includes one embodiment of a skewed-type printing cylinder, according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating the operational printing sequence of the printing system shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a modified form of the printing cylinder shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is an isometric view of another embodiment of 4% a skewed-type printing cylinder, according to the present invention;
Figs. 4a, 4b and 4c are cross-sectional views of the skewed-type printing cylinder shown in Fig. 4 illustrating its mode of operation; and
Fig. 5 is an end view of a modified form of the skewedtype printing cylinder shown in Fig. 4.
Referring now to the drawings, there is shown in Fig. 1 a serially operable high-speed printing system which utilizes one form of skewed-type printing cylinder according to the present invention for serially printing intelligence information a line at a time. The high-speed printing system includes three basic components, namely, an electronic data handling system for serially presenting electrical output signals corresponding to the intelligence information which is to be printed, a continuously rotatable sllewed-type printing cylinder and its associated drive mechanism 102, and a printing transducer network, generally designated 104, selectively operable in response to the output signals from the data handling system and in cooperation with printing cylinder 100, to serially print on a printing medium 106 the intelligence information corresponding to the output signals.
In order to most clearly describe the operation of the printing system and the skewed-type printing cylinders of this invention, it will be assumed that the printing system of Fig. l is capable of printing on printing medium 106 any one of ten type characters, such as the decimal'digits' Zero to nine, for example, in each space or column of a ten space line. Thus, as shown in Fig. l, transducer network 104 includes ten printing transducers, 110 to 119, corresponding, respectively, to the ten spaces or columns in the line. In addition, it will first be as sumed for purposes of illustration that printing medium 106 is moved intermittently relative to the printing transducers, or in other words, that the printing medium remains stationary while one line of intelligence information is printed, and is then advanced one line prior to the printing of the succeeding line.
The electronic data handling system which is utilized to selectively operate the printing transducers is preferably similar to that shown in the copending application for patent of Eldred Nelson, entitled High-Speed Printing System, Serial Number 379,045, filed September 8, 1953, which discloses a data handling system and associated printer for serially printing stored intelligence information coded in the binary system of numbers.
More particularly, as shown in Fig. l, the intelligence information to be printed is stored in a data storage unit which includes a memory unit 122 for storing electrical signals corresponding to the successive characters of one line of intelligence information. Memory unit 122, which may. be a magnetic drum, for example, is operable in cooperation with a shifting register 3.24 to function as a circulating register in order to serially present at the output circuit of shifting register 124 elec trical signals corresponding to the successive characters of the stored line of intelligence information. in addition, memory unit 120 is synchronized with drive mechanism 102 in order to circulate the intelligence information through shifting register 124 once for each character represented on type cylinder 100, thereby assuring that the full line of information is scanned once for each character which may be printed during one revolution of type cylinder 100.
Data storage unit 120 also includes a clock pulse generator 126 operable under the control of memory unit 122 to apply a periodically recurring clock pulse signal to a column counter 128 which controls the operational sequence of printing transducers 11G to 119 by sequentially openingeach of ten respectively associated and gates 130through 139 in accordance with the spacing in the line of intelligence information of the character represented by the output signal from register 124.
In order to selectively energize transducers 104 to print the proper type characters on medium 106, the data handling system also iicludes component circuits for indicating the rotational position of type cylinder 100 relative to the printing transducers. Accordingly, the data handling system includes a character counter 140 which is electrically indexed according to the position of type cylinder 100 by an associated pulse generator 142 which, in turn, is operated under the control of typecylinder drive mechanism 102. Character counter 140 thus presents an electrical output signal corresponding to the character on printing cylinder ltltl which is in position to be printed.
The output signal from character counter 140 is applied to a comparator circuit 144 which functions to compare the output signals from shifting register 124 and character counter 140 in order to present an electrical output signal to energize a preselected one of printing transducers 110 to 119 whenever the signals presented by shifting register 124 and counter 140 correspond to the same information character.
The specific printing transducer which is energized to print is, of course, determined by which of the associated gates has been opened by column counter 128. For example, if comparator 144 produces an output signal when the signal presented at the output circuit of shifting register 124 corresponds to the character in the fourth space of the stored line of intelligence information, gate 133 will be opened by column counter 128 and transducer 113 will therefore be energized to print the desired character in the fourth space or column on printing me dium 106.
Printing transducers 110 to 119 are preferably similar to the printing transducers shownin the co-pending application for patent of Baldwin et al., entitled Electromechanical Transducer, Serial Number 377,956, filed September 1, 1953, now abandoned, or the co-pending application for patent of Fomenko et al., entitled High- Speed Printing Transducer," Serial Number 377,818, filed September 1, 1953. As shown in Fig. 1, each printing transducer includes a hammer, such as hammer 146 of transducer 110, which is adapted to move toward skewedtype printing cylinder 100 upon energization of its associated transducer, thereby printing on medium 106 the type character on type cylinder 100 which is beneath the hammer when the transducer is energized.
The skewed-type printing cylinder, according to the present invention, includes a series or plurality of skewed rows of raised type characters, one row being provided for each different type character which may be printed. The number of type characters provided in each row corresponds to the number of columns or spaces which may be printed in one line. In addition, each character is skewed with respect to the other characters in the same row so that the last character in each row is in substantial longitudinal alignment with the first character in the next succeeding row The circumferential displacement through which each type character is skewed with respect to adjacent type characters in the same row is identical to the circumferential displacement the last type character in each row is skewed with respect to the first type character in the next succeeding row, this distance being determined for printing cylinder 100 by the following equation:
d=circumfereutial displacement per character:
where:
According to the present invention, therefore, type in Fig. 1.
cylinder includes ten skewed rows of type characters for presenting the type characters zero to nine, respectively. In addition, each row of type characters includes ten identical type characters corresponding to the ten columns or spaces in the line of intelligence information to be printed on medium 106, each character being circumferentially displaced with respect to adjacent characters by the distance Stated difierently, the circumferential displacement from the bottom of one type character in any row to the bottom of the adjacent type character in the row is equal to In a similar manner, the circumferential displacement between the bottom of the last type character in any row and the bottom of the first type character in the succeeding row is equal to The direction of skew of the rows of type characters is determined by the direction of rotation of the printing cylinder and by the sequence in whichrthe associated printing transducers would be energized if the line to be printed contained the same character in each line space. Thus, in Fig. 1, for example, if it is assumed that printingcylinder 100 is to be rotated at constant speed in the direction of arrow 148 and that transducers 100 to 119 are sequentially energizable from left to right, the direction of skew is upward from left to right as viewed in operation, the time interval required for printing cylinder 1th) to traverse the skewing distance or circumferential displacement per character is substantially identical to the time interval required for the circulating register to shift into shifting register 124 the next succeeding character in the stored line of intelligence information.
Referring now to Fig. 2, there is shown a diagram correlating the printing spaces zero to nine with the type characters which are in printing position in order to illustrate the sequence in which a typical line of intelligence information may be printed. It will be assumed that the line of intelligence information to be printed includes the sequential characters, 0340549236 and that the first zero in the zeros row on skewed-type printing cylinder 100 is immediately beneath hammer 146 of transducer when the first character of the line of intelligence information is shifted into shifting register 124. Accordingly, comparator circuit 144 will now produce an output signal,
since the signals applied to the comparator circuit from character counter 140 and shifting register 124 both correspond to the character zero. If it is also assumed that column counter 128 is indexed from data storage unit to open gate 130, the output signal from comparator circuit 144 will energize transducer 110 to print in the zero space or column on medium 106 the decimal character zero.
As the second and third characters in the line of intelligence information are sequentially shifted through shifting register 124, skewed-type printing cylinder 100 continues to rotate so that first transducer 111 and then transducer 112 are in position for printing the character zero. However, comparator circuit 144 produces no output signal for operating these transducers at this time, because the output signal from character counter corresponds to the decimal character zero whereas the characters represented by the output signals from shifting register 124 correspond to the sequential information characters three and four.
When electrical signals corresponding to the character zero in the fourth space in the line of intelligence information are shifted into shifting register 124, gate 133 is opened by column counter 128 and transducer 113 is in position, relative to skewed-type printing cylinder 100, for printing the character zero. Accordingly, comparator circuit 144 produces'an output signal to energize transducer 113 to print in the fourth column or space of medium 106 the character zero, as shown in Fig. 2.
As the remainder of the line of intelligence information is circulated through shifting register 124, gates 134 through 139 are sequentially opened for printing the character zero. However, none of the associated transducers are energized because the character zero is not represented in the fourth to ninth spaces of the line of intelligence information being printed.
When the line of intelligence information is recirculated to again sequentially shift through shifting register 124, skewed-type printing cylinder 18% is in posi tion relative to the printing transducers to sequentially pass the type character one beneath each of transducers 1-10 to 119 and, simultaneously, to present an electrical signal corresponding to the character one at the output circuit of character counter 149. It is clear, however, that no transducer will be energized during this interval, since the character one is not included in the stored line of intelligence information.
Consider now the operation of the printing system as the stored information is serially shifted through shifting register 124 for the third time. The type character two is now sequentially positioned beneath each of trans ducers 110 to 119 by the rotation of type cylinder 100 and the output signal from character counter 140 corresponds to the character two. Accordingly, when the character two in the eighth space of the stored line of intelligence information is shifted into shifting register 124, comparator 14-1- produces an output signal which is passed by gate 137, thereby energizing transducer 117 to print in the eighth space on printing medium 106 the character two, as illustrated in Fig. 2.
In a similar manner it may be shown that when the stored line of intelligence information is circulated through shifting register 124 for the fourth time, the character three will be printed first in the second line space and then in the ninth line space on printing medium 106. Thus, as shown in Fig. 2, each of the characters in the line of intelligence information will be printed in its proper space on printing medium 106 when comparator circuit 144 senses equality between the character to be printed, as represented by the output signal from shifting register 124, and the type characters in printing position, as represented by the output signal from character counter 140.
It is apparent, therefore, that the complete line of intelligence information will be printed on one line of medium 106 during one revolution of the skewed-type printing cylinder of this invention.
advance medium 106 into position for printing the next succeeding line. In addition, a succeeding line of intelligence information is simultaneously entered into data storage unit 120 through associated circuits, not shown, in order to prepare the electronic data handling system for presenting the succeeding line of intelligence information to be printed.
During the interval when printing medium 1&6 is being advanced and additional intelligence information is being entered in data storage unit 120, printing cylinder 100 continues to rotate. Accordingly, when the printing system is ready to print the next succeeding line of intelligence information, printing cylinder lfltlmay be in a position relative to the printing transducers which is different from the starting position assumed for printing the preceding line of intelligence information. In practice, either of two methods may be utilized to coordinate the printing system to start the printing. of the next succeeding line- Firstly, printing cylinder 100 may be permitted to ro- Upon completion of the printing operation, drive mechanism 102 operates to tate through one complete revolution during which no printing is done in order to provide a time interval for advancing printing medium 106 and for entering additional intelligence information in the data storage unit. if this technique is utilized, the printing system effectively averages two revolutions of the printing cylinder for each line which is printed, although the actual printing is done during only one revolution of the printing cylinder.
The second method which may be utilized is to start printing the succeeding line of intelligence information whenever the printing medium and the data handling system are prepared for printing the succeeding line. Thus, if after the end of the first printing cycle, type cylinder has rotated relative to the transducers so that type character two is in position for printing, the printing system may start the printing operation by first scanning the line of intelligence information for the character two.
The advantage of utilizing this method is that the printing of each line requires only one and some fraction of a revolution of the printing cylinder to print a single line, thereby providing faster operation. However, if this method is utilized, an additional circuit must be provided to insure that printing cylinder 100 is rotated through at least one complete revolution after each printing operation is started, in order to be certain that the line of intelligence information is scanned once for each character which might be printed.
Referring now to Fig. 3, there is shown a cross-sectional view of a modified skewed-type printing cylinder 360 which may be utilized to print one line of intelligence information for each revolution of the type cylinder notwithstanding the fact that a finite time interval is required to intermittently advance the printing medium and to enter additional intelligence information in the data storage unit. As shown in Fig. 3, printing cylinder 300, according to the present invention, includes a plurality of skewed rows of type characters, such as characters zero to nine, for example, which are disposed about only a portion of the periphery of the printing cylinder with a vacant space existing between the first and last rows of type characters.
In order to determine the proportion of the printing cylinder periphery which should be left vacant, it is preferable first to determine the number of lines of intelligence information which could be printed during the time required to intermittently advance the printing medium and to enter an additional line of intelligence information in the data storage unit. The periphery of the type cylinder is then divided into an integral number of segments, the number of segments being equal to the number of type characters which may be printed during one revolution plus the number of lines which could be printed during the advance of the printing medium. Accordingly, if the type characters which may be printed are located in adjacent segments on the printing cylinder periphery, it is clear that at least one segment of the cylinder periphery will be left vacant between the first and last rows of type characters on the printing cylinder in order to provide a time interval during each revolution of the printing cylinder for advancing the printing medium. As shown in Fig. 3, for example, cylinder 300 includes two vacant segments 302 and 304 between type character nine and type character zero.
Consider now the operation of the printing system shown in Fig. 1 if a skewed-type printing cylinder having a cross-sectional configuration such as that shown in Fig. 3 is utilized therewitl. Obviously, a full line of intelligence information may now be printed, in the manner previously described with reference to Fig. 2, during only of a revolution of printing cylinder 3049. Accordingiy, the printing medium may be advanced and additional information may be entered into the data storage unit while the printing cylinder is completing its revolution and while blank segments 302 and 304 are passing beneath the-printing transducers. Thus, the. printing system is now capable of printing one full line of intelligence information for each revolution of the skewed type printing cylinder of this invention.
It will be recognized by those skilled in the art that the vacant space provided between the first and last rows of type characters on printing cylinder 300 does not necessarily bear any special relationship with the portion of the printing cylinder periphery upon which the rows of type characters are distributed. Thus the following generic equation may be utilized to determine the circumferential displacement (d) of each type character relative to adjacent type characters in each of the several embodiments of the present invention:
r=the radius ofthe printing cylinder;
n=the number of rows of type characters;
m=number of characters in each row; and
s=a number, preferably an integer, which is not less than the value of n. 1
In the foregoing description of the skewed-type printing cylinders of this invention, it has been assumed that the printing. medium remains stationary while each line of intelligence information is printed, and is moved intermittently between successive printing operations. It will be apparent from the description below, however, that the skewed-type printing cylinders of the present invention may also be utilized to serially print a line of intelligence information on a printing medium which moves continuously relative to the printing transducers.
Referring now to Fig. 4, there is shown a skewed-type printing cylinder 400, according to the present invention, which may be employed with the data handling system and transducers shown in Fig. 1 for printing on a continuously movable printing medium. Printing cylinder 400 is similar to the previously described skewed-type printing cylinder 100 of Fig. l with regard to the number of skewed rows of type characters and the manner in which each individual character is circurnferentially displaced with respect to adjacent characters.
The principal difierence between these printing cylinders is that the type characters in each row of type characters on printing cylinder 400 are separated or spaced from the type characters in the adjacent rows by a distance equal to at least the height of one type character. Thus, as shown in Fig. 4, for example, the distance 4'02 between type characters zero and one is equal to or larger than the height of any one type character, as designated by the distance 404. In addition, it will be noted that the direction in which the rows of type characters are skewed on printing cylinder 400 has been reversed in order to illustrate how the type characters may be skewed when the printing cylinder is rotated in the direction of arrow 406.
Referring now to Figs. 4a, 4b and 4c, there are shown three cross-sectional views of printing cylinder 400, taken through the first column of type characters, which illustrate the cooperation of the printing cylinder and a printing transducer hammer 410 in printing either the characters zero, five or nine, respectively, in a given line on a printing medium 412. Printing medium 412 is positioned between hammer 410 and printing cylinder 400 and is continuously moved in the direction of arrow 413 at the rate of one line per revolution of the printing cylinder. The movement of the printing medium relative to hammer 410 during one revolution of the printing cylinder is illustrated in Figs. 4a, 4b and 40 by the respective positions of a reference point 414 on the printing medium.
In order to provide uniformly aligned printed characters on printing medium 412 when a line of intelligence information is printed thereon, the printing positions of the different type characters relative to hammer 410must be sequentially varied in accordance with the movement of the printing medium relative to the printing hammer. One manner in which this may be accomplished is by varying the time at which the printing transducer is energizable to print succeeding characters. For example, if hammer 410 is movable to print only when its center line 416 is aligned with one of the ten timing marks to to 19, corresponding to the ten rows of type characters, respectively, it may be seen that each type character has a different printing position relative to the printing surface of the hammer. .In addition, the width of hammer 416 is made equal to the distance separating the start one type character from the start of the next type character. In other words, the width of each printing hammer is equal to the sum of distances 402 and 404, as shown in Fig. 4, in order to provide suflicient hammer printing surface to cooperate fully with any type character which may be printed.
Consider now the operation of skewed-type printing cylinder 400 when it is desired to print the character zero on printing medium 412 in a line centered about reference point 414. Referring now to Fig. 4a, assume .that the instant when reference point 414 is directly over type character zero, timing mark to is aligned with center line 416 of hammer 410. Accordingly, hammer 4111 is actuated to print the character zero utilizing only the right hand portion of the hammer, as viewed in Fig. 4a.
Assume now that it is desired to print instead the character five in a line centered about reference point 414. v With reference to Fig. 4b, it may be seen that printing medium 412 and its reference point 414 has moved approximately one half of a line length from its initial position during the interval required to rotate printing cylinder 400 to the position for printing character five. Accordingly, hammer 410 is actuated to print the character five when the character is substantially centered with respect to the hammer, or, in other words, when timing mark is is aligned with center line 416 of the printing hammer. In a similar manner, it may be seen from Fig. 40 that the left-hand portion of hammer 410 would be utilized in order to print the character nine on a line centered about reference point 414.
It will be recognized, of course, that if skewed-type cylinder 400 is utilized in the printing system shown in Fig. 1, each line of intelligence information should be shifted into register 124 and circulated in accordance with the timing marks to to its as shown in Figs. 4a
through 40. In addition, it will be recognized that in order to utilize printing cylinder 400 in the printing system of Fig. 1, no printing may be performed during a portion or all of every other revolution of the printing cylinder, since additional intelligence information corresponding to the next successive line to be printed must be entered in data storage unit 120.
Assume now that it is desired to print one line of intelligence information on a continuously moving printing medium during each revolution of the printing cylinder. This may be accomplished by utilizing a skewedtype printing cylinder, according to the present invention, in which the spacing between adjacent skewed rows of type characters is similar to that shown in Fig. 4, but in which a larger spacing is utilized between the first and last characters which may be printed, as previously described with regard to Fig. 3.
Referring now to Fig. 5, there is shown an end view of a skewed-type printing cylinder 500, according to the present invention, which includes two blank or vacant spaces 502 and 504 between the type character zero and the type character nine. When printing cylinder 500 is utilized in the printing system of Fig. 1, several distinct advantages may be realized.
Firstly, the complete vacant space between type character rows zero and nine will provide additional separation between the printed characters in two successive lines of intelligence information printed on the printing medium. Secondly, the spacing designated 502 provides a time interval during each revolution of the printing cylinder when no printing is done, thereby permitting the entry of additional intelligence information in the associated data handling system. It will be recognized that the time interval during each revolution which corresponds to the spacing designated 504 is that interval in which the line of intelligence information is serially compared in the associated comparator circuit for printing the character nine.
A skewed-type printing cylinder of the general configuration shown in Fig. 5 may also be provided in which the type characters subtend an even smaller portion of the printing cylinder periphery in the manner shown in Fig. 3, thereby providing even larger spacing on the printing medium between successive lines of printed intelligence information. Moreover, it will be recognized that additional spacing between the first and last type characters on the printing cylinder will provide additional time in which to enter new intelligence information into the data storage unit, after one line is printed, but before the printing cylinder has completed one revolution and is in position relative to the transducers for printing the succeeding line of intelligence information. In practice, the arc subtended by the type characters on the printing cylinder periphery may often be of the order of 240 or less.
It should be pointed out that each of the basic skewedtype printing cylinders shown in Figs. 1 and 4 has certain relative advantages over the other. For example, printing cylinder 400 in Fig. 4, as previously pointed out, may be utilized to print on a continuously moving printing medium, whereas the use of printing cylinder 100 in Fig. 1 requires that the printing medium be intermittently advanced one line at a time, thereby requiring slightly more complicated mechanical structure in drive mechanism 102. On the other hand, printing cylinder 100 most efficiently utilizes the available surface of the printing cylinder by virtue of the fact that adjacent rows of type characters are closely packed, whereas the adjacent rows of type characters on printing cylinder 4% are spaced from each other by the height of a type character. Stated differently, for a given printing cylinder periphery and a given number of different type characters which may be printed, printing cylinder 100 permits the use of type characters of substantially twice the size of the corresponding type characters on printing cylinder 4-00. In addition, it should be clear that the individual type characters may be engraved on the skewed-type printing cylinders of the present invention, if it is desired to print on the surface of the printing medium facing the printing cylinder.
Summarizing the invention, the skewed-type printing cylinders of the present invention provide continuously rotatable printing cylinders which may be utilized with a serially operable printing system to print on a continuously movable or intermittently movable printing medium a full line of intelligence information during one revolution of the printing cylinder.
What is claimed as new is:
l. A continuously rotatable printing cylinder assembly for a serially operable printing system, said assembly comprising: a plurality of sequentially energizable printing transducers, disposed along a straight line, for printing intelligence information, a cylindrical member having an axis and being rotatable about said axis, said axis being substantially parallel to a reference line taken through a corresponding point on each of the plurality of transducers; and a series of rows of type characters longitudinally disposed about at least aportion of the periphery of said cylindrical member, each of said rows being identically skewed with respect to said axis of said cylindrical member and with respect to each other, each row corresponding to a different type character and the characters in each row being identical and corresponding in number to the number of transducers, the distance between adjacent rows being constant, the last type character in at least one of said rows being in substantially longitudinal alignment with the first type character in the succeeding row.
2. The printing cylinder defined in claim 1 wherein said series of rows of type characters are uniformly distributed about the periphery of said cylindrical member.
3. The printing cylinder defined in claim 1 wherein each of said rows of type characters is separated from the adjacent rows by a distance equal to at least the height of one type character.
4. The printing cylinder defined in claim 3 wherein said series of rows of type characters are disposed about the entire periphery of said cylindrical member.
5. A continuously rotatable printing cylinder assembly for a serially operable printing system, said assembly comprising: a plurality of electrically controllable printing transducers, disposed along a substantially straight line, for printing intelligence information; a rotatable cylindrical printing member; and at least first and second rows of type characters disposed about a portion of the cylindrical surface of said printing member, said first row of type characters including a plurality of like type characters corresponding in number to the number of printing transducers, said second row including a corresponding plurality of like type characters different from the characters in said first row, correspondingly positioned type characters in said respective rows being selectively operably disposed with respect to a correspondingly disposed transducer in said line of transducers, each of said rows of type characters being skewed relative to the axis of rotation of said printing member, each of said type characters in each of said rows being circumferentially displaced from the adjacent type characters in the same row by a distance (d) defined by the equation,
2m" where: r=radius of said cylindrical printing member; m=number of type characters in each of said first and second rows of type characters; and s=a number not less than the number of rows of type characters on said printing member.
6. The printing cylinder defined in claim 5 wherein the last type character in one of said first and second rows is circumferentially displaced from the first type character in the other of said rows by the distance (d).
7. The printing cylinder defined in claim 5 wherein s is an integer greater than the number of rows of type characters and wherein said first and second rows of type characters are disposed immediately adjacent each other.
8. A continuously rotatable printing cylinder assembly for a serially operable printing system, said assembly comprising: a cylindrical printing member having a longitudinal axis and being rotatable thereabout, the periphery of said member being divided into first and second longitudinal portions; a series of substantially longitudinally disposed rows of type characters distributed uniformly about said first portion of the periphery of said cylindrical member, each of said rows being identically skewed with respect to said axis, a plurality of adjacent and sequentially energizable printing transducers, respectively operatively disposed with respect to said type characters and operable in conjunction with said cylindrical printing member for printing intelligence information, the number of type characters in each of said rows corresponding to the number of printing transducers, each row corresponding to a different character and the characters of each row being identical; the circumferential spacing between adjacent characters in each row being equal to the circumferential spacing between the last character in one row and the first character in the succeeding row whereby intelligence information may be sequentially printed when said first portion of said member is adjacent said transducers and the record medium may be advanced when said second portion of said member is adjacent said transducers.
9. In a high-speed printing system for serially printing a plurality of characters, represented by a corresponding plurality of applied electrical signals, respectively, in a line upon a printing medium, the combination comprising: a plurality of printing transducers corresponding to the number of characters in the line to be printed, said transducers being positioned adjacent one surface of the printing medium in a plane extending through the medium along the line; and a printing cylinder rotatable about an axis in the plane of said transducers, said cylinder being positioned adjacent the other surface of the printing medium and having a series of identically skewed rows of type characters longitudinally disposed about at least a portion of its periphery, each or said rows corresponding to a dilferent character to be printed and including a plurality of identical type characters corresponding to said plurality of transducers respectively, the last type character of at least one of said rows being in substantially longitudinal alignment with the first type character of the succeeding row.
10. In a high-speed printing system for serially printing a plurality of characters, represented by a corresponding plurality of applied electrical signals, respectively, in a line upon a printing medium, the combination comprising: a plurality of printing transducers corresponding to the number of characters in the line to be printed, said transducers being positioned adjacent one surface of the printing medium in a plane extending through the medium along the line; a printing cylinder having an axis in the plane of said transducers and being rotatable about said axis, said cylinder being positioned adjacent to the other surface of the printing medium and having a series of identically skewed rows of type characters longitudinally disposed about at least a portion of its periphery, each of said rows corresponding to a diflerent character to be printed and including a plurality of identical type characters corresponding to said plurality of transducers respectively, the last type character of at least one of said rows being in substantially longitudinal alignment with the first type character of the succeeding row; means for continuously rotating said printing cylinder to sequentially pass each of said skewed rows of type characters beneath said printing transducers; and electrical means responsive to the applied electrical signals and to the position of said type cylinder relative to said transducers for selectively energizing said transducers when the characters represented by the applied electrical signals correspond to the type character being passed beneath said transducers.
11. In a serially operable high-speed printing system for printing a plurality of characters in a line of intelligence information represented by a corresponding plurality of applied electrical signals, respectively, in a line upon a printing medium, the combination comprising: a plurality of printing transducers corresponding to the sequential characters in the line of intelligence information to be printed, said transducers being positioned adjacent one surface of the printing medium in a plane extending through the medium along the line; a printing cylinder rotatable about an axis in the plane of said transducers, said cylinder being positioned adjacent the other surface of the printing medium and having a series of identically skewed rows of type characters longitudinally disposed about at least a portion of the periphery thereof, each of said rows corresponding to a different character to be printed and including a plurality of identical type characters corresponding to said plurality of transducers, respectively, the last type character of at least one of said rows being circumferentially displaced from the first type character of the succeeding row by a distance equal to the circumferential displacement between adjacent type characters in each of said skewedrows; means for rotating said printing cylinder at a constant speed to sequentially pass each row of type characters beneath said transducers; and electrical means responsive to the applied electrical signals and to the position of said printing cylinder relative to said transducers for selectively energizing each transducer when the character represented by the corresponding applied electrical signal corresponds to the type character passing beneath said transducer,
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 734,526 Ennis July 28, 1903 1,405,722 Siepman Feb. 7, 1922 1,530,871 Welter Mar. 24, 1925 1,753,961 Zworykin Apr. 8, 1930 1,781,793 Spencer Nov. 18, 1930 1,944,692 Maby Ian. 23, 1934 2,029,220 Brawn Jan. 28, 1936 2,053,063 Bryce Sept. 1, 1936 2,540,654 Cohen Feb. 6, 1951
US360998A 1953-06-11 1953-06-11 Printing cylinders for high-speed printing systems Expired - Lifetime US2776618A (en)

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US377818A US2766686A (en) 1953-06-11 1953-09-01 High speed electro-mechanical interference-type transducer
US379045A US2850566A (en) 1953-06-11 1953-09-08 High-speed printing system

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US3283702A (en) * 1964-04-20 1966-11-08 Potter Instrument Co Inc High speed printing and graph plotting machine
US3304858A (en) * 1963-12-23 1967-02-21 Mathatronics Inc Electromechanical printing system for digital systems
US3313390A (en) * 1965-01-18 1967-04-11 Anelex Corp Printing machine incorporating spacedfont print roll, and method of printing
US3322064A (en) * 1966-06-02 1967-05-30 Anelex Corp Print drum type matrix and sequential line printing control
US3332068A (en) * 1963-08-23 1967-07-18 Ibm System for transferring data to a number of terminals
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US3361057A (en) * 1964-08-11 1968-01-02 Sperry Rand Corp High speed superscript-subscript printer
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US3443514A (en) * 1967-05-17 1969-05-13 Potter Instrument Co Inc Print hammer timing and energizing means in high speed printers
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US3465866A (en) * 1965-11-15 1969-09-09 Sperry Rand Corp Structure providing printed translation of coded information on coded member
US3496547A (en) * 1965-10-12 1970-02-17 American Chain & Cable Co Control system and printer controlled thereby
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US2858536A (en) * 1954-05-13 1958-10-28 Ca Nat Research Council Type actuating means in high speed printers
US2978977A (en) * 1955-02-04 1961-04-11 Sperry Rand Corp High speed printer
US2845019A (en) * 1955-05-16 1958-07-29 Sperry Rand Corp Medium speed printer
US2915966A (en) * 1955-06-13 1959-12-08 Sperry Rand Corp High speed printer
US2873666A (en) * 1955-06-16 1959-02-17 Sperry Rand Corp High speed printer
US2874634A (en) * 1956-02-14 1959-02-24 Olympia Werke Ag Printing apparatus
US2874633A (en) * 1957-02-05 1959-02-24 Gen Electric Printer format control system
US2909996A (en) * 1957-02-13 1959-10-27 Ibm High speed printing mechanism
DE1128199B (en) * 1957-03-01 1962-04-19 Ferranti Ltd Electrical & Gene Printing device
US2926602A (en) * 1957-05-20 1960-03-01 Burroughs Corp Automatic printer
US2950672A (en) * 1957-12-11 1960-08-30 Ibm Printing directory
US2918865A (en) * 1957-12-27 1959-12-29 Ibm Chain printer timer
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US2949846A (en) * 1958-03-28 1960-08-23 Burroughs Corp Printing mechanism
US2986084A (en) * 1958-05-14 1961-05-30 Bull Sa Machines Cyclically operated printing machine
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US3058415A (en) * 1958-12-01 1962-10-16 Ibm Recording apparatus
US3072046A (en) * 1959-05-27 1963-01-08 Shull Stanley Arthur High-speed printer for computers
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US2993437A (en) * 1959-10-05 1961-07-25 Ibm High speed printer apparatus
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US3093730A (en) * 1959-10-27 1963-06-11 Gen Electric Automatic data accumulator
US3106889A (en) * 1959-12-02 1963-10-15 Atvidabergs Ind Ab Positioning device for printing type characters
US3066601A (en) * 1959-12-29 1962-12-04 Ibm Error checking devices
DE1199033B (en) * 1960-01-05 1965-08-19 Rank Xerox Ltd Process for successive printing of alphanumeric information and devices for carrying out this process
US3072047A (en) * 1960-01-22 1963-01-08 Solartron Electronic Group Printing apparatus
US3053173A (en) * 1960-04-07 1962-09-11 Kienzle Apparate Gmbh Method and arrangement for transposing coded decimal values from storage to visual presentation in decimal notation
US3024723A (en) * 1960-05-27 1962-03-13 Potter Instrument Co Inc Logical system for a high speed printer
US3064561A (en) * 1960-06-14 1962-11-20 Bull Sa Machines Device for controlling an electronically operated printing machine
US3141402A (en) * 1960-09-01 1964-07-21 Mite Corp Planetary type body for printer
US3220343A (en) * 1960-11-25 1965-11-30 Potter Instrument Co Inc High speed printers with column spanning hammers
US3139818A (en) * 1961-02-23 1964-07-07 Clary Corp Printer
US3120801A (en) * 1961-03-29 1964-02-11 Int Computers & Tabulators Ltd Apparatus for recording characters
US3131627A (en) * 1961-03-30 1964-05-05 Scm Corp High speed serial printer
US3117514A (en) * 1961-04-26 1964-01-14 Potter Instrument Co Inc Single disc printer control
US3233080A (en) * 1961-05-18 1966-02-01 Monroe Int Readout apparatus
US3128693A (en) * 1961-06-09 1964-04-14 Potter Instrument Co Inc High speed printer drum
US3090298A (en) * 1962-02-05 1963-05-21 Clary Corp High speed printing system
DE1247053B (en) * 1962-03-08 1967-08-10 Anelex Corp Quick printing device
DE1221043B (en) * 1962-05-15 1966-07-14 Olympia Werke Ag Device for determining the end of printing on a high-speed printer
US3207067A (en) * 1962-08-21 1965-09-21 Sperry Rand Corp Type carrier for high speed printing mechanism
US3199446A (en) * 1962-09-07 1965-08-10 Ibm Overprinting apparatus for printing a character and an accent
US3157115A (en) * 1962-12-03 1964-11-17 Soroban Engineering Inc Printing mechanism
DE1283577B (en) * 1963-03-27 1968-11-21 Ibm Dot timing control for a dot matrix printer
US3229626A (en) * 1963-04-25 1966-01-18 Burroughs Corp High speed printer in electronic computer system
US3332068A (en) * 1963-08-23 1967-07-18 Ibm System for transferring data to a number of terminals
US3304858A (en) * 1963-12-23 1967-02-21 Mathatronics Inc Electromechanical printing system for digital systems
US3279363A (en) * 1964-03-23 1966-10-18 Clary Corp Printing system
US3283702A (en) * 1964-04-20 1966-11-08 Potter Instrument Co Inc High speed printing and graph plotting machine
US3282204A (en) * 1964-05-15 1966-11-01 Sperry Rand Corp High speed printing device for printing characters of different physical sizes
US3361057A (en) * 1964-08-11 1968-01-02 Sperry Rand Corp High speed superscript-subscript printer
DE1499351B1 (en) * 1964-09-01 1970-08-20 Mohawk Data Sciences Corp Line printer for data processing machines
DE1262053B (en) * 1964-10-16 1968-02-29 Philips Patentverwaltung Electromechanical serial printer
US3313390A (en) * 1965-01-18 1967-04-11 Anelex Corp Printing machine incorporating spacedfont print roll, and method of printing
US3496547A (en) * 1965-10-12 1970-02-17 American Chain & Cable Co Control system and printer controlled thereby
DE1256928B (en) * 1965-11-08 1967-12-21 Buchungsmaschinenwerk Veb Device for the transmission of digitally encrypted numerical values from an electronic matrix memory to mechanical output units
US3465866A (en) * 1965-11-15 1969-09-09 Sperry Rand Corp Structure providing printed translation of coded information on coded member
US3406381A (en) * 1966-05-09 1968-10-15 Rca Corp Print hammer energizing arrangement
US3322064A (en) * 1966-06-02 1967-05-30 Anelex Corp Print drum type matrix and sequential line printing control
DE1294713B (en) * 1966-07-20 1969-05-08 Kienzle Apparate Gmbh Printing device for flying printing with a continuously rotating type roller
US3457855A (en) * 1966-07-29 1969-07-29 Emilio Falchero High speed belt or chain printer with coordinated paper feed means
US3443514A (en) * 1967-05-17 1969-05-13 Potter Instrument Co Inc Print hammer timing and energizing means in high speed printers
US3604347A (en) * 1969-02-11 1971-09-14 Ncr Co Print hammer impact tip
US3633497A (en) * 1969-06-27 1972-01-11 Richard A Hartley Planetary high-speed printer
US3638688A (en) * 1970-02-24 1972-02-01 Brunswick Corp Coded oral solids magazine and dispenser
US3707121A (en) * 1970-06-01 1972-12-26 Gen Electric Information Syste Timing apparatus for high speed printer
US3750794A (en) * 1970-12-01 1973-08-07 Burroughs Corp High speed print drum with traveling print hammer
US3736868A (en) * 1972-03-01 1973-06-05 Mohawk Data Sciences Corp Apparatus for printing serially received data
US3936802A (en) * 1972-09-05 1976-02-03 Societe Industrielle Honeywell Bull Control device for recording elements
US4152983A (en) * 1975-06-09 1979-05-08 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Printing hammer driving system
US4278018A (en) * 1979-11-16 1981-07-14 Ncr Canada Ltd. - Ncr Canada Ltee Printing means

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