US2769544A - Material trap - Google Patents

Material trap Download PDF

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Publication number
US2769544A
US2769544A US261874A US26187451A US2769544A US 2769544 A US2769544 A US 2769544A US 261874 A US261874 A US 261874A US 26187451 A US26187451 A US 26187451A US 2769544 A US2769544 A US 2769544A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
trap
conveyor
foreign
chamber
bed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US261874A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph H Morrow
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fuller Co
Original Assignee
Fuller Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to ES0206675A priority Critical patent/ES206675A1/es
Application filed by Fuller Co filed Critical Fuller Co
Priority to US261874A priority patent/US2769544A/en
Priority to FR1068973D priority patent/FR1068973A/fr
Priority to GB656954A priority patent/GB747849A/en
Priority to GB26050/52A priority patent/GB747825A/en
Priority to BE516243D priority patent/BE516243A/xx
Priority to US583141A priority patent/US2813630A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2769544A publication Critical patent/US2769544A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B4/00—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/005—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B4/00—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs
    • B03B4/06—Separating by pneumatic tables or by pneumatic jigs using fixed and inclined tables ; using stationary pneumatic tables, e.g. fluidised beds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G53/00—Conveying materials in bulk through troughs, pipes or tubes by floating the materials or by flow of gas, liquid or foam
    • B65G53/34—Details
    • B65G53/40—Feeding or discharging devices
    • B65G53/46—Gates or sluices, e.g. rotary wheels
    • B65G53/4691—Gates or sluices, e.g. rotary wheels of air-lock type, i.e. at least two valves opening asynchronously

Definitions

  • This invention relates to apparatus for removing undesired substances from fine dry materials, and more particularly, the invention has to do with the separation by gravity of foreign objects from a moving stream of pulverulent material, and their collection in a fixed bed of fluidized material.
  • tramp iron In the processing and handling of many pulverulent materials, undesired objects and particles of greater density than the pulverulent material are frequently introduced and must be removed before a subsequent processing or handling operation can be carried out. For example, in grinding a chemical, rock, or mineral, there is usually introduced into the mill stream a variety of metal objects, such as broken pieces of grinding media, mill liners, screen wire, and other metallic items resulting from wear and breakage, all of which are commonly referred to as tramp iron. Undesired oversize particles are also frequently present in the pulverulent material being discharged from a mill and must be separated. In other manufacturing operations, such as conveying and elevating dry materials, tramp iron also enters the material stream due to wear and breakage of equipment.
  • Magnetic separators associated with a moving stream of material in a spout, or in a conveyor have long been used successfully to remove tramp iron, but such devices are restricted to the separation of magnetically susceptible materials. Tramp iron and also oversize particles are commonly removed from dry materials by vibrating screens. In the screening of large tonnages of fine dry materials, and particularly abrasive substances, however, operating and maintenance costs are high, and there is always present the chance that a broken or worn screen will pass a substantial quantity of foreign material before the defect is discovered and repaired, the repair in many instances involving costly shutdowns of major plant-operations.
  • the present invention is accordingly directed to a novel and simple apparatus for removing, from a moving stream of pulverulent material, foreign or undesired substances of greater density than the material, by the use of a fluidized bed through which the substantially greater density mateice rial settles.
  • the apparatus of my invention has the further advantage of not in itself being able to introduce contamination due to wear or breakage and of not permitting foreign materials already in the stream to pass because of defects due to wear.
  • the separation of foreign substances of greater density from a stream of moving material is accomplished in accordance with my invention by maintaining a fixed bed of the material, dilfusing air through the bed to fluidize the material therein, and causing the moving stream to travel over the top of and in contact with the top of the fluidized bed.
  • the undesired foreign material having a density higher than the particles in the moving stream either due to a higher specific gravity, or to a substantially larger particle size, settles from the moving stream under the influence of gravity through the fixed bed of material of reduced bulk density, so that it can be removed at the bottom of the bed.
  • the apparatus of my invention referred to as a material trap, includes a chamber for containing a column of fluidized pulverulent material and adapted to be placed below an opening through the bottom of a trough or like structure, along which the pulverulent material is being advanced.
  • a gas permeable medium forms the bottom of the chamber and serves as a means for diffusing air or other suitable gas into the pulverulent material to maintain it in a fluidized condition, and a plenum chamber is disposed below the porous medium.
  • My material trap includes the use of such a fluidized bed of reduced bulk density, and the heavier tramp iron or oversize particles sink readily through the bed, a movement which would not be possible in an unaerated bed due to the internal friction and close packing of the fine particles.
  • the gas emerging from the upper surface of the fixed bed is directed through the moving stream of material producing a fluent effect similar to that in the fixed bed.
  • the tramp iron and oversize particles settle out of the stream and into the fluidized bed.
  • the apparatus of my invention may be applied to the separation of foreign material from a variety of pulverulent substances among which may be mentioned for purposes of illustration: cement and cement raw materials, gypsum, soda ash, fly ash, barytes, bentonite, flour, hydrated lime, ground ores, alumina, catalysts, silica, phosphates, talc, resins, and detergents.
  • any of the above materials, to be effectively fluidized in my trap should be finer than 20 mesh and preferably finer than 65 mesh, while at the same time containing a substantial proportion of minus mesh, and with some materials a substantial amount of minus 200 mesh.
  • the moving stream of pulverulent material from which foreign material is separated may be present in a variety of conveyors. Typical examples are: the air activated gravity conveyor referred to below, screw conveyors, flight conveyors, drag chains and Redlers, and vibrating conveyors.
  • Fig. l. is a 'schematicelevation of an air activated gravity-conveyor --utilizing my --material trap; I n
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the material trap disclosing a portion of .the air activated gravity conveyor;
  • Fig is a sectional view of the material' -trap"disclosing a portion of-ascrewconveyor
  • FigJ-S is atransverse sectionalong'li-ne -50f Fig. 4; t
  • Fig. 6' is a side elevation, partiallyin-sectiomof a modified form of" the material trap disclosing -amortion of -a serevr-conveyor;
  • Fig-7&5 a transverse-section along line"7- 7"of-Fig.6;
  • FigrS is -an* enlarged vertical section ofthe material '7 trap-disclosed in Fig. -6;
  • FIG. 1 -Figf9is a-side elevation; partially in section; disclosingan air'aetivated; gravity' conveyor;
  • V PigL-l0 is-avertical section of-a secondmodified form 7 0f 'myunaterial trap
  • Fig. '11 is' a transverse sectionialong line ill-11 of Fig. 10.
  • a gas permeable. medium, or wall, 2 extends across-the lower portion of. the'housing 1 and'provides' a materialsupporting. surface which at the same time divides 'the'housing intoytwo' portions, a plenum chamber 3-and a material confining. chamber 4.
  • the plenum chamberfii is' formed' by a rectangularsections, attached to'thehousing It by means. offlan'ges andbo'lts 6, the gas permeable medium being held between the respective flanges ofthe' housing and plenum chamber inasecure manner.
  • Fig. .1 discloses a typical schematic arrangement of air activated. gravity material conveyor, a detailed description oflwhi'ch is found in U. S. Patent Nos.
  • HA gas permeable .medium'14 provides.a. material conveying surface which at the. same time .fdividesthe conveyor into two portions, a. conveying...air ..plenum is supplied'fby a fan: i7 drivenby a motor.18.;through an appropriate connection 19 to the plenum chamberifi'.
  • the foreignmaterialbeing carried in the moving stream is usually moving along'the-su'rface of the conveyor gas permeable medium 14 due to its densityibeing greater than. that. of t'thecparticlestofrmate' rial being conveyed. Whenthe foreign.
  • Fig. 4 discloses my material trap incorporated into.
  • the structure of thematerial trap is thesameas: that shown-in Figs. 2 and 3.
  • the material trap is attached to.the.transition sectionv 23. by means .of flan'ges and .bolts 1 .27. ..thereby forming. -.a material. tight structure integralwiththe. conveying system wherein; the material confining chamber .4 of thematerialtrap is :in'direct communicationwith the interior of the conveying trough .Tnsthe operation of the material trap disclosed in Figs.
  • In.F. igs.;6,5 7,' 8 and. 9,'I show.amodification. of my. invention.
  • f Referring' to Fig. 8; it w'ill'be .seenjthatlth'e modified form. of.-my-.materialltrap. comprises .a housing 40.. provided .wtih. two. aeration. units A1 ..and l.42 positionedttojform generally -a V-like,: or-wedge shaped,- sup portingstructure the .housing 40: The-aeration units, 141 and 42, .-arey,. similar; in;- structure, .neachv-heing:
  • plenum chamber 43 formed by a rectangular section 44 having one side closed with a gas permeable medium 45.
  • the plenum chambers 43 are supplied with air from any convenient source through connections 46.
  • the aeration unit 42 is longer than unit 41 and extends below the end of unit 41, so that aeration is provided throughout substantially the entire cross-sectional area of housing 40.
  • the lower end of aeration unit 41 lies above and spaced from the lower end of unit 42, and a discharge opening 47 is formed between the adjacent ends of the units.
  • the opening is surrounded by a valve seat 48 and a gate 49 attached to a valve shaft 50 cooperates with the seat to control flow through opening 47.
  • a valve handle 51 is attached to the valve shaft 50 is used as a means for opening and closing the valve gate 49.
  • a butterfly valve 52 is positioned beneath an opening 53 in the lower portion of the material trap and is fastened to the housing 40 in any conventional manner.
  • the butterfly valve 52 is provided with a valve gate 54 operated by a valve handle 55.
  • An expansion joint 56 is positioned in the air activated gravity conveyor 11 at the desired location of the trap and provides an unobstructed opening for the material conveying duct 16, but forms a closure 57 for the conveying air plenum chamber 15.
  • the housing 40 of the material trap is connected to the expansion joint 56 by means of flanges and bolts 58 thereby forming a material tight structure integral with the conveying system wherein the material confining chamber 59 of the material trap is in direct communication with the conveying duct 16.
  • air is supplied to the plenum chamber 43 through the connections 46 in sufficient quantity and at suflicient pressure to fluidize the material supported by the gas permeable mediums 45 in the material confining chamber 59.
  • the material contained in the trap is either placed therein prior to the operation of the conveyor, or is collected from the material being conveyed after the start of operation of the conveyor.
  • the air difiused through the gas permeable mediums 45 creates a substantially vertical fluidized column in the material confining chamber 59 that extends upwardly into the stream of material in the air activated gravity conveyor.
  • the foreign material being carried in the moving stream is usually moving along the surface of the conveyor gas permeable medium 14 due to its density being greater than the particles of material being conveyed.
  • the foreign material moving along the conveyor 11 reaches the fluidized fixed bed of material in the trap the foreign material, being heavier, will fall by gravity through the fluidized column to the opening 47 at the bottom of the V-like supporting structure formed by the two aeration units 44, while the moving bed of proper material size will continue through the material conveying duct to the discharge end.
  • the foreign material will accumulate at the bottom of the V-like supporting structure until a sufiicient amount is collected for discharge of the material trap.
  • This modified form of my invention permits the discharging of foreign materials from the trap without interrupting the flow of material through the conveyor 11.
  • the foreign material is discharged from the trap by opening the gate 49 by the rotation of valve handle 51 thereby permitting the foreign material to discharge from the V-like supporting structure on to the top of valve gate 54 of the butterfly valve 52.
  • the valve gate 49 is closed by rotating the valve handle 51 in the opposite direction thereby closing the discharge opening 47 and permitting the further accumulation of foreign materials from the conveyor 11.
  • the foreign material is finally discharged from the trap structure by opening valve 54 by rotating valve handle 55 to position the valve 54 in a vertical position. The foreign material will then fall by gravity from the material trap structure whereupon the valve 54 is returned to its horizontal position for the next cycle of foreign material discharge.
  • the expansion joint 56 may be provided with a material inlet duct 60 to permit the location of the material trap to be directly beneath a substantially vertical supply of material.
  • the material trap will serve not only as a means for removing foreign material from the moving stream, but will also serve as a means for cushioning the fall of the vertical body of material which becomes particularly important in an embodiment incorporating an air activated gravity conveyor wherein the impingement of material on the woven fabric may produce excessive wear.
  • Figs. 6 and 7 disclose a modified form of my material trap incorporated into a conveying system utilizing a conventional screw conveyor.
  • the structure of the material trap is the same as that described for Figs. 8 and 9.
  • a transition section 70 is welded, or connected in any conventional manner, to the trough 24 of the screw conveyor 25, surrounding an opening 26 in the trough 24.
  • the material trap is attached to the transition section 70 by means of flanges and bolts 71 thereby forming a material tight structure integral with the conveying system wherein the material confining chamber 59 of the material trap is in direct communication with the interior of the conveying trough 24.
  • FIG. 10 and 11 A second modified form of my material trap is shown in Figs. 10 and 11 wherein the material trap housing is in the form of a valve body and the material confining chamber 81 is in the form of a corresponding rotating valve plug 82.
  • the plug 82 is provided at each end with shafts 83 and 84 positioned in bearing housings 85 and 86 of the valve body 80.
  • the shaft 83 is provided with an externally operated handle, not disclosed, for rotating the valve plug 82.
  • An aeration unit 87 comprising a gas
  • valve plug 82 permeable medium 88 and a plenum chamber 89 is positioned in the lower portion of the valve plug 82 and serves as a material supporting surface for the material confining chamber 81.
  • Air is supplied to the plenum chamber 89 to a conduit 90 passing into the valve body 80 through a hollow section of the valve plug shaft 84 in an airtight arrangement.
  • the valve plug structure 82 forms an opening 91 in the upper portion of the plug opposite the aeration unit 88 for the admission of material into the material confining chamber 81.
  • An opening 93 is provided in the lower portion of the valve body 80 to permit removal of the foreign material from the trap.
  • the second modified form of my invention is incorporated into the previous mentioned types of conveying systems by attaching the material trap to the expansion joint of the air activated gravity conveyor, or to the transition piece of the screw conveyor, by means of flanges 92.
  • This arrangement will, as described before for the other conveyors, provide a material tight structure that permits a direct communication between the material being conveyed and the material confining chamber 81.
  • a fluidized column of material is maintained in the material confining chamber 81 and extends upwardly into the moving stream of material being conveyed, such a column being produced by the fluidizing effect created by the diffusion of air from the plenum chamber 89 through the gas permeable medium 88 into the material contained in the chamber 81.
  • the foreigmmaterial. accumulatedr may 'befrernoved from the.
  • V e 7 The efiiciency of collection of'myitrap: depends principally'on first, the density oftthe'foreign'material; second, the degree ofifiuidizationmaintained in the.fixed bed, which is measured by the bulk density of the'fiuidized material compared to its unae rated bulk density; third,
  • Woven fabric of the type referred 'to' below, ;a;t rap :and

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US261874A 1951-12-15 1951-12-15 Material trap Expired - Lifetime US2769544A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES0206675A ES206675A1 (es) 1951-12-15 1951-12-06 UN MÉTODO Y APARATO PARA SEPARAR MATERIAL EXTRANO DE UNA CORRIENTE MoVIL DE MATERIAL
US261874A US2769544A (en) 1951-12-15 1951-12-15 Material trap
FR1068973D FR1068973A (fr) 1951-12-15 1952-10-10 Procédé et appareil de séparation de matières étrangères
GB656954A GB747849A (en) 1951-12-15 1952-10-17 Method of and apparatus for separating foreign material from a moving stream of material
GB26050/52A GB747825A (en) 1951-12-15 1952-10-17 Apparatus for separating foreign material from a moving stream of material
BE516243D BE516243A (es) 1951-12-15 1952-12-13
US583141A US2813630A (en) 1951-12-15 1956-05-07 Material trap

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US261874A US2769544A (en) 1951-12-15 1951-12-15 Material trap

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Publication Number Publication Date
US2769544A true US2769544A (en) 1956-11-06

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US261874A Expired - Lifetime US2769544A (en) 1951-12-15 1951-12-15 Material trap

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US (1) US2769544A (es)
BE (1) BE516243A (es)
ES (1) ES206675A1 (es)
FR (1) FR1068973A (es)
GB (1) GB747825A (es)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2865504A (en) * 1956-08-09 1958-12-23 Smidth & Co As F L Separating apparatus
US3024071A (en) * 1958-12-24 1962-03-06 Fuller Co Fluidizing conveying apparatus
US3188144A (en) * 1961-04-12 1965-06-08 Buehler Ag Geb Bin discharge means
US3870374A (en) * 1972-10-26 1975-03-11 Aluminum Co Of America Integral in-line discharge air gravity conveyor
WO1995032811A1 (en) * 1994-05-27 1995-12-07 Montell North America Inc. Method and apparatus for the classification of solid particles
EP1588963A2 (de) * 2004-04-24 2005-10-26 MOTAN Materials Handling GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur pneumatischen Förderung von Schüttgut
US20090010720A1 (en) * 2007-07-02 2009-01-08 Flsmidth A/S Use of air activated gravity conveyors in a continuous particulate removal process from an ESP or baghouse
US20210331209A1 (en) * 2020-04-28 2021-10-28 Space-Xyz Ip B.V. Apparatus and method for screening powders

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3840345A (en) * 1972-06-23 1974-10-08 Co Ind De Procedes & D Applic Self agglomerating fluidized bed reacting apparatus
GB1581029A (en) * 1976-05-21 1980-12-10 Exxon Research Engineering Co Classifying particles using fluidised bed systems and supplying classified particles to a process zone

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US855625A (en) * 1906-10-04 1907-06-04 Charles M Follett Stone and grit separator for clover-hullers.
US1534846A (en) * 1923-05-11 1925-04-21 Fraser Thomas Process of separating loosely-mixed materials
US1775907A (en) * 1927-09-17 1930-09-16 United Cigarette Mach Co Inc Apparatus for loosening and removing dust from tobacco
US1841462A (en) * 1926-05-20 1932-01-19 Jeffrey Mfg Co Separator
US2277497A (en) * 1937-07-14 1942-03-24 Mclean Lyle Dry placer mining apparatus
CH228156A (de) * 1942-03-10 1943-08-15 Klagsbrunn Josef Vorrichtung zum Ausscheiden spezifisch schwererer Körper aus einem Gemisch mit spezifisch leichteren Teilen.
US2527455A (en) * 1950-02-18 1950-10-24 Huron Portland Cement Company Apparatus for conveying materials
US2574493A (en) * 1949-04-18 1951-11-13 Mclean Lyle Gordon Classifier and separator

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US855625A (en) * 1906-10-04 1907-06-04 Charles M Follett Stone and grit separator for clover-hullers.
US1534846A (en) * 1923-05-11 1925-04-21 Fraser Thomas Process of separating loosely-mixed materials
US1841462A (en) * 1926-05-20 1932-01-19 Jeffrey Mfg Co Separator
US1775907A (en) * 1927-09-17 1930-09-16 United Cigarette Mach Co Inc Apparatus for loosening and removing dust from tobacco
US2277497A (en) * 1937-07-14 1942-03-24 Mclean Lyle Dry placer mining apparatus
CH228156A (de) * 1942-03-10 1943-08-15 Klagsbrunn Josef Vorrichtung zum Ausscheiden spezifisch schwererer Körper aus einem Gemisch mit spezifisch leichteren Teilen.
US2574493A (en) * 1949-04-18 1951-11-13 Mclean Lyle Gordon Classifier and separator
US2527455A (en) * 1950-02-18 1950-10-24 Huron Portland Cement Company Apparatus for conveying materials

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2865504A (en) * 1956-08-09 1958-12-23 Smidth & Co As F L Separating apparatus
US3024071A (en) * 1958-12-24 1962-03-06 Fuller Co Fluidizing conveying apparatus
US3188144A (en) * 1961-04-12 1965-06-08 Buehler Ag Geb Bin discharge means
US3870374A (en) * 1972-10-26 1975-03-11 Aluminum Co Of America Integral in-line discharge air gravity conveyor
WO1995032811A1 (en) * 1994-05-27 1995-12-07 Montell North America Inc. Method and apparatus for the classification of solid particles
US5908115A (en) * 1994-05-27 1999-06-01 Montell North America, Inc. Method and apparatus for the classification of solid particles
EP1588963A2 (de) * 2004-04-24 2005-10-26 MOTAN Materials Handling GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur pneumatischen Förderung von Schüttgut
EP1588963A3 (de) * 2004-04-24 2007-05-23 MOTAN Materials Handling GmbH Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur pneumatischen Förderung von Schüttgut
US20090010720A1 (en) * 2007-07-02 2009-01-08 Flsmidth A/S Use of air activated gravity conveyors in a continuous particulate removal process from an ESP or baghouse
US20210331209A1 (en) * 2020-04-28 2021-10-28 Space-Xyz Ip B.V. Apparatus and method for screening powders

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB747825A (en) 1956-04-18
FR1068973A (fr) 1954-07-02
BE516243A (es) 1952-12-31
ES206675A1 (es) 1953-11-01

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