US276562A - collins - Google Patents

Description

2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

A J. H. COLLINS, Jr., & A. 0. GRANGER. PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFAGTURING GAS.

Patented Ma, 1 1883.

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(No Model.) r 2 SheetS-Sheet 2.

A J. H. COLLINS, J1 82; A. 0. GRANGER.

Amos-3s OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUPAUTURING GAS" No. 276,562. Patented May 1,1883.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH H. COLLINS, JR, AND ARTHUR O. GRANGER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PA.

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING GAS.

" SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 276,562, dated May 1, 1883.

Application filed November 28, 1882. (No model.)

a To all whom it may concern.-

Be, it known that we, JOSEPH H. COLLINS, Jr., and ARTHUR O. GRANGER, both of the city and county of Philadelphia, and State of Heretofore oil has always been allowed to dripinto the top of the generators or into the superheater or commingler (as some term the vaporizing-chamber,) and it has been found that, owing to the great pressure from therapid formation of water-gas in the first part of the run, the oil would not run in, thus making the gas of a low candle-power at first and very rich at the last part of the run. Experience has also shown that if the generator-tire is too hot lamp-black is rapidly formed from the oil as it drops upon the coal.

Therefore our improvement consists in providing suitable means to deliver the oil to the vaporizing-chamber under great pressure, or above that which it is practicable to attain by gravity, and cause it to be sprayed, preferably, in the bottom of the superheater at apoint opposite the gas-inlet from the generator, the temperature at this place being sufficiently hot to vaporize the oil, but never hot enoughto oarbonize the same to form lam p-black. Therefore the water-gas com pletely absorbs and combines with the oil as it is sprayedinto it, and

" thewhole becomes chemically united inpassing through the superheater in the usual way. By this means water-gas in a carbureted form may be made of uniform candle-power throughparatus for, making illuminating water gas without this seal in the washer, and so avoiding all those evils and obtaining a maximum amount of gas froma given quantity of materials. We provide an automatic seal for closwater-gas, and in various details about the gas-works, all of which are more fully set forth in the following specification, and shown in the accompanying drawings, which form part thereof.

Oil has been run into a coinmingler or vaporizing-chamber in one or more small streams, when it is caused to mix with highly-heated water-gas to form an illuminating-gas. mixture so produced is passed down through a bed of incandescent carbon, and then to the holder. This is shown in the Pierson Patent No. 269,162, of 1882. Oil has also been run into a receiving-vessel arranged between thegeuerator and superheater, and the vapor therefrom allowed to commingle with the watergas as it passes from the generator to the superheater, as shown in patent to Springer, No. 257,100, of 1882; but in neither of these cases is the oil sprayed into the vaporizing-chamber under high pressure. In the reissue granted to liIcCarthy, No. 9,895, of 1881, is described a process of making gas in which retorts are used, and the carbonic oxide and hydrogen from one retort passed into a carbureting-retort, the said carbonic oxide and hydrogen in its passage forcing in oilin the form of spray; but this differs from our process, in that the water-gas firsts meet the oil in bulk, and is used to spray and inject it into the carbureting-retort under slight pressure, while in'our process the oil is forced into the carbujreting retort or chamber by mechanical means, and is very minutely sprayed, and then-in that high state of subdivision it meets forjtliefirst time the water-gas, which'vaporizes it by the heat contained therein. In McOarthys process his retorts are externally heated, and the oil is vaporized mainly by the heat of the external fire, for the process used by him to inject the oil would greatly cool the water-gas.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a water-gas works embodying our improvements. Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the.

y of the scrubber, and Fig. 7 is a sectional ele vation of the device used for spraying the oil into the vaporizing-chamber under pressure.

The

p which contracted part the flue A to the superheater extends.

G O are two doors,hinged at their outer sides to the curved frame 0, which is riveted to generator-casing in front of the grate B, the said doors closing tightly upon the rim of said curved piece and a center vertical bar, 0 com'- mon to both doors. These doors are set at an angle to each other, as shown in Fig. 2, to bring them as close to the generator-casing as possible, and are clamped in position by arms 0 pivoted to the frame 0 through which a screw, 6 provided with handles, works, the bottom of said arm being held by alink, C". To open the doors the screw is turned to loosen the arm and the link pushed oh", and then the arm, carrying the screw, is turned up, and may be supported in any suitable manner, the doors then being free to open or close. By this. construction the doors extend the full width of the grate, making it more easy to extract clinkers and keep the fire in order; and in the same manner the doors expose the full width of the ash-pitB belowthe grate. The generatormay be supported upon the usual foundation, A and is provided with the usual air-blast pipe, A, and steam-pipe A for the admission of air and steam, the air being used to raise the coal to incandescence, and the steam to produce the carbonic oxide and hydrogen by decomposition with the hot carbon with which it is broughtinto contact. sheet-iron casing D down to the ground, and thereby dispense with the usual piers, which are expensive tomake,and,forrigidity,the casing below the ash-pit may be braced b'y ribs superh'eater D, which is provided with a perforated arch, D forming the crown of chamberDa'nd supportingtheopendiamond-shaped fire-brick. work D The superheater may be cleaned through a door, D, attop. The casing of the superheater may be extended down, as-in the case of the generator, and rest upon afoundation. The construction of this method of supporting the generator, superheater, 850.,

E, which may be constructed as shown in Fig.

7, in-which a spindle, e, is adjusted by a screw.- thread, 0 and stationary nut 6 the said spindle being rotated by a handle, E The end eof the spindle is made conical, with a projection, 6 on its'extreinepoint,the cone 0 workingintoahole', E, in the head of the nozzle,which in practice is 1 preferablyflush with theiuner face of the lining.

The oil is forced into the'nozzle under press- We prefer to extend the are by a pump, F, or other equivalent means, through a pipe, 6 the said pump drawing its supply of oil from a reservoir, F, by pipe f. The oil is forced through aperture E and strikes the projection 6 and is sprayedinto a fine mist. Any other nozzle may be used. The top of the generator may be the place at which the oil is sprayed, as indicated by dotted lines at E; but, for'the reasons previously specified, we prefer to inject it at the bottom of superheater. The flue D opens from the top of the superheater into the stack G and pipe H, leading to the washer or seal I. The

fiue D is shut off from the chimney or stack by a valve, G, which maybe worked by a lever, G. The pipe H extends down to the-top of the tank I, which is preferably made circular, and a continuatiomH, of said pipe extends down almost to the water-line in said tank. Arranged within the tank is a conical sheet-iron piece, 1 which encircles the pipe H and extends almost down to the water-line, it being of greater diameter at bottom. .Arr' ranged below the end of pipe 11 is a cup or seal, 1, which is guided by a ring encircling said pipe, and is raised or lowered by a vertical rod, 1 working through a packing guidebox, 1 and operated by a lever, I,which may be operated by hand or by a rod, 9, connected with the lever G or moving part of valve Gr, so that when the valve G is closed the seal is down, but when the valve is raised the seal is closed to prevent backward escape of gas. Water is running into the pipe H constantly by a pipe, It, so that if from any cause the water in the seal cup became rapidly vaporized it would be immediately replaced, thereby keeping the seal perfect. If it is desired to clean the cup I, it may be swung around upon its rod 1 as an axis and brought close to the cleaning-door l t is an overflow-pipe, and i is a dischargepipe, both of which enter the well P. The gas from the tank I passes up a pipe, J, into the -condenserK,which is shown in Fig. 5, and consists of a closed sheet-iron cylinder, having a chamber, J, at top, and one, J at bottom, said chambers being connected together by tubes J The space between the chambers and around the tubes is filled with. .cold water, which enters by a pipe, j, at the bottom and overflows by goose-necked pipes J in the chamber J at top, and discharge their jets of water down through the tubes J into the bottom chamber, J where it runs off by pipej to well P. The gas then passes from the bottom chamber, J by a fine or pipe, L, to top of scrubberllLwhich consists ot'a closed sheet-iron cylinder, divided longitudinally by a division-plate, M, and at various levels are arranged cross-rods, of wood, to break up the water which falls from nozzles m-at top, arid at the same time offer a resistance to the passage of the gas and keep it in better contact with the water. The bottom of the division dips into the water-seal at the'bottom of the scrubber, the water'bei'ug kept at a given level by an overflow-pipe, O, in connec- IOO IIO

tion with well P. The gas passes through the water, and passes off by pipe N to the gas holder.

The operation is as follows: The generator beingcharged with coal, the same is ignited, and blast from the air-nozzle turned on. When blowing up, the valve G is open and seal 1 closed, and the products of combustion pass into the chamber D of the superheater, where they may be burned further with air from a pipe, S, and after heating the superheater-lining they pass off through the chimney. When the coal in the generator is red hot the airblast is shut otf, and valve G closed and waterseal 1 opened. Now, upon turning on steam by pipe A into the generator, andpumpi n g oil through the nozzle E under great pressure, a perfect water-gas is generated and carbureted,

and the illuminating-gas so produced passes down pipe H through pipe H,e'scaping freely overthe water in tank I, is thrown down toward the water again by part 1 causing the deposition of tar, and finally passes off by pipe J intothe condenser, where it meets the warm est water first and coldest water last, and after being condensed it passes by pipe L to the scrubber, where it is further treated with wa tor and made to pass through water, and from there it finally passes to the holder bypipe N. In this application we make no claim to the condenser or scrubber, nor to the specific construction of the water-seal, as these will. form subject-matter of a future application.

In this application we do not claim the specific construction of the superheater, as that will form subject-matter of another application.

Having now described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Let ters Patent, is-

1. A gas-generator having its internal walls made conical, the internal diameter being largest at the grate and smallest at the top, in combination with a grate extending its full width to the casing in front,two doorsarranged at an angle to each other and hinged at their outer sides, seats for said doors, andmeans to secure said doors tight upon their seats, sub stantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. A gas-generator, superheater, &c., provided on the bottom with an extension of their sheet-iron casin g, the bottom of said extension resting upon the foundation, and the top of said extension being on a level with the fioor or bottom of lining of said generator, &c., substantially as set forth, and for the purpose of dispensing with stone or brick piers.

3. The combination of a generator supplied with air and steam pipes and superheater of a gas apparatus with an oil-nozzle, and means to spray the oil into the vaporizing-chamber under great pressure and mix it therein with previously-produced water-gas, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4. The combination of a generator supplied with steam and air pipes and a superheater of a gas apparatus with an oil-nozzle, means to force the oil, and means to spray the oil into the exit for the water-gas between its place of generation and washer, substantially :as and for the purpose specified.

5. The combination of a generator and a superheater, the top of the former being on a level with the bottom of thelatter, with aflue connecting said generator with the superheater, a chamber arranged in the bottom of the superheater, a spraying oil-nozzle openinginto said chamber and facing. the flue from generator, and mechanical means to force oil under press are into said chamber in the form of finelydivided spray, substantiallyas and for the purpose specified. I

6. In a generator for making gas, the grate extending its full width to the casing, in combination with two doors arranged at an angle to each other and hinged at their outer sides, seats for said doors, and means to secure said doors tight upon their seats, substantially as l and for the purpose specified.

7. The combination of a generator and a superheater with anexit or smoke flue provided with a valve, a flue leading from the superheater to the gas-holder, an adjustable waterseal arranged in said flue, and connecting mechanism between the valve of the smokeflue and the adjustable water-seal, whereby the water-seal is operated to close the gas-outlet when the smoke-valve is opehed, substantially as for the purpose set forth.

8. The combination, in generator A, of the grate B, frame 0, doors 0 0, vertical bar 0 hinged arms 0 links 0, and screws G substantially as and for the purpose specified.

9., The herein-described process for carbureting previously-produced water-gas, which consists in passing said Water-gas into ahighlyheated chamber, and therein spraying oil under great pressure and intimately mixing said Water-gas and oil mist, vaporizing the oil through the agency of the highly-heated watergas, and finally passing said mixture through a superheating or fixing chamber, substantially as set forth. i

In testimony ot'which invention we hereunto set our hands.

JOSEPH H. COLLINS, JR. A. O. GRANGER.

. Witnesses as to signature of Joseph H. 001-

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