Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M16/00—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
  • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
  • B64D17/00—Parachutes
  • B64D17/22—Load suspension
  • B64D17/34—Load suspension adapted to control direction or rate of descent
  • B64D17/343—Load suspension adapted to control direction or rate of descent by reefing means
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
  • D06M15/423—Amino-aldehyde resins
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10S428/907—Resistant against plant or animal attack
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
  • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
  • Y10T428/2971—Impregnation
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
  • Y10T442/102—Woven scrim
  • Y10T442/172—Coated or impregnated
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2213—Coating or impregnation is specified as weather proof, water vapor resistant, or moisture resistant
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
  • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
  • Y10T442/2525—Coating or impregnation functions biologically [e.g., insect repellent, antiseptic, insecticide, bactericide, etc.]

Definitions

• This invention relates to the protection of cellulosic fibrous material from attack by microorganisms.
• cellulosic fibrous material for example fabrics and yarns
• hardenable aminoplasts in order to improve the materialfrom various points of view.
• the effects obtained dependto a large extent upon the fact that the hardenable aminoplasts, alone or in association with the cellulose, form an insoluble more or less rigid three dimensional framework which takes place by far-reaching cross-linking of the resin.
• the known treatment for increasing the resistance to' creasing and swelling of fabrics is carried out in such a manner that the fabric is impregnated with solutions or emulsions of aminoplasts, which may also contain hardening accelerators, followed by drying and finally by a treatment at elevated temperature, for example at about 120460 C. in order to effect hardening of the resin.
• the cross-linking which takes place in this method of hardening, and which is necessary for the above specified purposes, also has disadvantageous consequences, for example the mechanical properties of the fibrous material are deteriorated, handle and hardness are influenced in an unfavourable manner and the capacity for being. dyed by direct dyestuffs is reduced or mayeven be entirely removed.
• the present invention is based on the discovery of a water-resistant impregnation for cellulosic fibrous material whiclr renders said material resistant to the attack of micro-organisms, with far-reaching retentionof the textile properties of the material, when the impregnation with aqueous solutions or emulsions of hardenable aminoplasts iscarried out in such a manner that after the impregnation of the fibrous material and mechanical removal of the excess of impregnating liquid, the aminoplasts are converted into the water-insoluble condition,-.in and upon the fibres, without completely removing the water derived from the impregnating liquid and retained by the fibres, until the resin condensation is completed,v so that the condensation proceeds in the presence of water.
• the possibility is provided of carrying out the condensation of the aminoplasts in a different manner and proceeding to an end stage, namely in the presence of water which is retained by the fibres from the impregnating liquid, at which a resin so condensed does not influence the tear resistance of the fibres and their capacity for being dyed with direct dyestuffs or influences it only to an inconsiderable extent but protects the treated fibres against attack by micro-organisms.
• the fixing of the aminoplasts by the method of the invention can be carried out entirely without drying of the impregnated fibrous material or with partial drying thereof before or during the fixing operation, provided that such drying takes place uniformly Without any disturbance due to wandering of the condensation product and that it is not carried out to such an extent that the affinity of the fibres for direct dyestuffs is reduced.
• the simplest mode of execution consists in that the fibrous material impregnated with a solution or emulsion, after squeezing out or hydroextracting, that is to say after the mechanical removal of the excess of bath liquid, is maintained for a long time without positive drying and with prevention of premature drying out.
• the period for wh'ch the material needs to be kept in this condition varies between a few elevated temperature, for example at 80 C.
• a partial drying can take place before or during the fixation of the resin.
• care must be taken that there is no local over-drying of the treated textile material and that no wandering of unfixed resin takes place during the drying, as otherwise the success of the treatment is detrimentally affected.
• a uniform drying can be carried out for example in such a manner that the impregnated fibrous material is stored in a drying chamber through which is passed a current of air of predetermined relato remove the water to such an extent that only about 5 per cent. remains above the normal water content of the fibres and still to fix the resin in the manner required according to the present invention. in one experiment in which the water was removed up to the retention of 2 /2 per cent. above the normal water content of the fibres, only a small decrease was observed of the capacity for being dyed with direct dyestutfs, with practically complete retention of the strength characteristics.
• hardenable aminoplasts as used with respect to the present invention is to be understood as including hardenable, if desired etherified, carbamide and melamine resins, which are either water soluble or also of limited water solubility and which are obtained in the known manner by condensation of formaldehyde with compounds such, for example, as urea, thiourea, cyanamide, dicyandiamide, biguanide, melamine, formoguanamine, acetoguanamine and so on and also mixtures of such compounds, and furthermore their alkyl and acyl compounds.
• water-soluble condensation products of melamine and formaldehyde for example a condensation product of limited water solubility from one mol of melamine and about three mols formaldehyde.
• condensation products of limited water-solubility there are to be understood in the sense of the present invention those colloidal intermediate stages which occur by continuing the condensation beyond the crystalline methylol stage. They are characterised by the property that they are precipitated from their concentrated aqueous solutions by the addition of water (cf. Kolloid- Zeitschrift, vol. LVII, October-December 1931, page 233, left-hand column).
• condensation products of unlimited water-solubility are used in the form of aqueous solutions, while those of limited water-solubility are used either in the form of solutions of the condensation products which have been rendered soluble with the aid of acids, or in the form of emulsions.
• Advantageously reaction accelerators are added both to the solutions and to the emulsions.
• the generally customary hardening catalysts for example acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid or formic acid; also salts of strong acids with weak bases can be used, for example ammonium salts of strong inorganic or organic acids, such as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium oxalate or ammonium lactate.
• acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid or formic acid
• salts of strong acids with weak bases can be used, for example ammonium salts of strong inorganic or organic acids, such as ammonium chloride, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium oxalate or ammonium lactate.
• the baths for the impregnation according to the invention advantageously contain about 3-10 per cent. of aminoplast, either in solution or emulsion.
• the impregnation is advantageously carried out in such a manner that the aminoplasts are deposited upon the fibres in a quantity of about 3-10 per cent., preferably about 5 per cent, of the weight of the fibre.
• the impregnation can take place by the customary processes and with the use of the customary plant.
• the present process can be used in the case of all cellulosic fibres. It is especially suitable for the treatment of natural celluloses, as for example cotton or bast fibres.
• the invention can be applied with advantagfi;
• Example 1 Coarse cotton twist intended for the manufacture of fish netting is immersed, in hank-form, in a freshly prepared solution containing 60 grams of condensation product of limited water-solubility from 1 mol of melamine and 3 mols of formaldehyde, 24 grams of formic acid, l gram of a non-ionogenic wetting agent per litre, at room temperature, turned several times in the bath and compressed in order to expel the air contained in the yarn, hydroextracted to 170 per cent. of the original yarn Weight and stored for a long time (overnight or for 1-3 days) in a closed vessel. It is thereupon rinsed, first with dilute ammonia solution and then very thoroughly with water, and dried.
• Example 2 Bleached cotton yarn is immersed in a freshly prepared aqueous emulsion containing per litre 35 grams of a condensation product of limited watersolubility from 1 mol of melamine and 3 mols of formaldehyde 0.4 gram of gelatine 3.5 grams of ammonium chloride and turned several times therein for about 5 minutes with repeated compression. After hydroextracting to 170 per cent. of the original yarn weight, the product is heated for 2 hours in a closed vessel to 80 C. and then thorough ly rinsed with cold water. After 24 hours washing in running water, the yarn exhibits a N-content of 2.56 per cent. and has a good resistance to attack by the microorganisms of sapropel.
• condensation product of limited water-solubility used in the preceding examples, can be obtained for example as follows:
• a solution of 1 mol of melamine in about 3 mols of aqueous formaldehyde solution is heated, at a pH of 8-9, to about 80 C. until 1 part of a cooled test portion, treated with 3-4 parts of cold water just gives a turbidity. Then the solution is evaporated to dryness in the customary manner, for example in a spray drier.
• Example 3 In the manufacture of cotton yarn for fish netting the condensed sliver is impregnated with a solution containing per litre 50 grams of a condensation product of unlimited water-- solubility from 1 mol of melamine and about 2 mol, of formaldehyde and 5 grams of ammonium chloride.
• the impregnation is advantageously carried out in wet twisting on the twisting machine, in such a manner that the sliver, before twisting, is passed through the specified impregnating solution instead of through water.
• the wet spools of twisted sliver are kept overnight in a closed drying chamber at about 80 C. while continuously in a wet condition and are subsequently rinsed or directly dried.
• Example 4 Cotton fabric is treated on the foulard with an impregnating solution freshly prepared according to EX- ample l.
• the impregnated fabric squeezed off to 190 per cent., is partially dried in a drying chamber at 75 C. until about 50 per cent. of the water present has evaporated.
• moist air is blown into the drying chamber in order to avoid local over-drying.
• After about 4 hour the desired degree of drying has been attained and the condensation product is fixed on the fibre in a water-insoluble manner.
• the textile properties of the fabric have not been changed but it has become to a far reaching extent rot-proof.
• the fabric is impregnated with a l per cent. aqueous solution of sodium pentachlorphenolate and dried, it also becomes protected against surface growing fungi.
• a condensation product from urea and formaldehyde ora mixed condensation product can be used.
• melamine formaldehyde condensation product which contains a hardening accelerator, which comprises afterimpregnating the material and removing mechanically the excess of impregnating liquid, hardening the melamine formaldehyde condensation product in and upon the fibre into the water-insoluble condition with retention of at least about 45%, calculated on the weight of the fibrous material, of the water of the impregnating liquid until the resin condensation is completed, so that the condensation into the water insoluble state is actually conducted in the presence of water originating from the impregnating liquid.
• a hardening accelerator which comprises afterimpregnating the material and removing mechanically the excess of impregnating liquid, hardening the melamine formaldehyde condensation product in and upon the fibre into the water-insoluble condition with retention of at least about 45%, calculated on the weight of the fibrous material, of the water of the impregnating liquid until the resin condensation is completed, so that the condensation into the water insoluble state is actually conducted in the presence of water originating from the impregnating liquid.
• Cotton fibrous material selected from the group consisting of loose material, yarn, material in an intermediate stage of conversion into yarn and fish netting protected from the attack by micro-organisms, without substantial change in the tensile strength of the said material, by a water resistant impregnation produced by impregnating the material with an aqueous impregnating liquid of a melamine formaldehyde condensation product which contains a hardening accelerator, removing mechanically the excess of impregnating liquid and hardening the melamine formaldehyde condensation product in and upon the fibre into the water-insoluble condition with retention of at least about 45 calculated on the Weight of the fibrous material, of the water of the impregnating liquid until the I 11 resin condensation is completed, so that the eondensation into the water insoluble state is actually conducted in the presence of water originating from the impregnating liquid.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
• Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
• Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

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Cited By (18)

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Citations (10)

• 0
  • NL NL100371D patent/NL100371C/xx active
  • NL NLAANVRAGE7706397,A patent/NL170950B/xx unknown
  • NL NL204782D patent/NL204782A/xx unknown
• 1951
  • 1951-07-10 CH CH304005D patent/CH304005A/de unknown
• 1952
  • 1952-07-07 US US29756352 patent/US2763574A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1952-07-09 GB GB1736152A patent/GB745638A/en not_active Expired
• 1955
  • 1955-02-23 CH CH334902D patent/CH334902A/de unknown
• 1956
  • 1956-02-22 FR FR1141745D patent/FR1141745A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1956-02-22 GB GB556556A patent/GB820946A/en not_active Expired

Patent Citations (10)

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