US2759873A - Sweetening of hydrocarbon oils with raw clay followed by copper sweetening - Google Patents
Sweetening of hydrocarbon oils with raw clay followed by copper sweetening Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2759873A US2759873A US294716A US29471652A US2759873A US 2759873 A US2759873 A US 2759873A US 294716 A US294716 A US 294716A US 29471652 A US29471652 A US 29471652A US 2759873 A US2759873 A US 2759873A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- sweetening
- clay
- oil
- hydrocarbon oils
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 26
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 25
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title description 25
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 title description 21
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 title description 20
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 11
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O JZCCFEFSEZPSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229960003280 cupric chloride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000286 fullers earth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004699 copper complex Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- UOFGSWVZMUXXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Diphenyl-3-thiocarbazone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N=NC(=S)NNC1=CC=CC=C1 UOFGSWVZMUXXIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRNIZKPFKNDSRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bensulide Chemical compound CC(C)OP(=S)(OC(C)C)SCCNS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RRNIZKPFKNDSRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu+ Chemical compound [Cu+] VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- JAWMENYCRQKKJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-ylmethyl)-1-oxa-2,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-2-en-8-yl]-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]methanone Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CC1=NOC2(C1)CCN(CC2)C(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F JAWMENYCRQKKJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G27/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation
- C10G27/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen
- C10G27/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen in the presence of copper chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
Definitions
- This invention relates to the sweetening of hydrocarbon oils, that is to say to the treatment of hydrocarbon oils for the elimination of mercaptans contained therein.
- the principal object of the present invention is to enable distillates. boiling in the range. 150? to 350 C. to be satisfactorily coppen sweetened. although it may also, be applied, to light distillates. which may, through,
- a process for the sweetening of a petroleum distillate comprises contacting the distillate, either before or after subjecting the distillate to a known copper sweetening process, with a clay having a montmorillonite type structure.
- the clay treatment may be carried out at temperatures ranging from atmospheric to 250 F., and preferably at a temperature within the range ISO-220 F.
- the clay treatment is preferably carried out after copper sweetening since the amount of oil-soluble copper complex in the sweetened distillate can thereby be reduced to a lower figure.
- clay belonging to the group known as fullers earth a particularly suitable clay be-.
- clay a coloured compound having an odour characteristic of certain nitrogen bases, as well as other irnpurities. It has further been established that the quantities of clay required are small, being in the region of 0:050.5 lb. per gallon of oil. The clay is easily removed from the treated oil by filtration or settling and can be freed from adsorbed compounds by a variety of methods such as extraction, steaming and treatment with chemicals.
- the process of the invention may be carried out either batchwise or continuously.
- the oil to be treated is heated in a vessel, warmed by a jacket or coil through which. steam or hot water is circulated, to give an oil temperature in the range ISO-220 F.
- Agitation is effected by a dry air jet, paddle, centrifugal pump or liquid jet. After agitation for a: period. of one. hour, the. oil is allowed to stand, the clay settled, and the clear oil decanted from the settled clay. If desired a filter can also be used.
- the oil is sweetened by means of an excess of cupric chloride solution in accordance with the well-known process.
- a continuous process may be operated by means of a pre-heater and a clay mixer followed by a thickener and filter.
- the spent clay is then subjected to a succession of steps in order to de-oil and then remove the contaminant bodies from the clay by solvent action.
- the subsequent copper chloride treatment can be by any of the well-known processes, in which the copper chloride is either in solution, carried on a slurry or attached to a fixed'bed of mineral.
- EXAMPLE 1 8 litres of raw kerosine distilled from Egyptian crude oil were heated to 200 F. in a: glassflask by means of a hot water bath. To the kerosine, which was agitated by means of a small air jet, was added grams of Surrey powder supplied by the Pullers Earth Union, and the stirring was continued for one hour. The greater part of the clear kerosine was decanted from the dark brown powder, the remainder being filtered free from powder. The clear kerosine, after cooling to 70 F. still contained mercaptans and was agitated for 15 minutes with twice the volume of an aqueous solution containing copper sulphate pentahydrate 176 grams per litre and common salt 160 grams per litre. This served to convert the mercaptans to disulphides.
- EXAMPLE 2 A kerosine distilled from Iranian crude oil and washed at once with lime water was charged, 700 ml. at a time, to a cone-bottomed air jet circulated glass vessel. This was placed in a boiling water bath. When the contents reached 200 F. 7 grams of Surrey powder from the Fullers Earth Union were added and circulation of a slurry from the bottom of the cone back to the centre of the vessel promoted by an air jet entering an external pipe sealed to the base of the cone. This was continued for 30 minutes, after which the contents of the vessel were cooled and filtered. Sweetening was completed by means of a solution containing 176 grams per litre of CuSO4.5H2O and 160 grams per litre of sodium chloride using the necessary precautions to prevent contamination of the sweetened oil with copper compounds.
- Table 2 of this blend were charged to a flask immersed in a steam-heated water bath, and when the temperature of the contents reached 195 F., grams of Surrey powder were added and agitation, by means of an air jet, continued for one hour. The contents of the flask were allowed to cool and were decanted from the clay, the remaining oil being recovered by filtration. The resulting product, which was of improved colour, was sweetened using a solution containing:
- the resulting product was suitable for inclusion as a component of an aero turbine fuel under the British Specification DERD.2482.
- Aprocess according to claim 1 wherein the amount and resulted in poor colour stability.
- a number of exof clay used is between 0.05 and 0.5 lb. per gallon of periments were made in which the copper contaminated distillate. sweetened kerosine was mixed at room temperature with 5.
- a process according to claim 1, wherein the disan improvement in colour stability took place with intillate is an aero turbine fuel of boiling range 100 to 250 creased treatment.
- a process for the sweetening of a petroleum dis- 25 References cued m the file of thls patent tillate comprising contacting the distillate with an agent UNITED STATES PATENTS consisting of a raw clay having montmorillonite type 2,204,234 Schulze June 11, 1940 structure at an elevated temperature in the range of be- 2,227,089 Hopper Dec. 31, 1940 tween atmospheric to about 250 F., and subjecting the 2,329,930 Nebeck Sept. 21, 1943 contacted distillate to a copper sweetening process. 30 2,503,627 McBride et a1. Apr. 11, 1950
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB15981/51A GB723530A (en) | 1951-07-05 | 1951-07-05 | Improvements relating to the sweetening of hydrocarbon oils |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2759873A true US2759873A (en) | 1956-08-21 |
Family
ID=10069069
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US294716A Expired - Lifetime US2759873A (en) | 1951-07-05 | 1952-06-20 | Sweetening of hydrocarbon oils with raw clay followed by copper sweetening |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2759873A (en16) |
| BE (1) | BE512629A (en16) |
| DE (1) | DE954542C (en16) |
| FR (1) | FR1065324A (en16) |
| GB (1) | GB723530A (en16) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2825884A (en) * | 1953-05-14 | 1958-03-04 | Ravtheon Mfg Company | Echo ranging devices |
| US3305479A (en) * | 1964-10-16 | 1967-02-21 | Standard Oil Co | Copper chloride sweetening process |
| US20080296204A1 (en) * | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-04 | Emirates National Oil Company Limited (Enoc) Llc | Process for treating hydrocarbon liquid compositions |
| US9956502B2 (en) | 2014-08-29 | 2018-05-01 | Uop Llc | Fixed bed apparatus with support structure and methods for processing hydrocarbons using the same |
| CN111024474A (zh) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-04-17 | 中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心 | 针对含硫地区油气化探样品芳烃类物质测定的前处理方法 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2204234A (en) * | 1938-11-09 | 1940-06-11 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Treatment of hydrocarbon oils |
| US2227089A (en) * | 1938-02-07 | 1940-12-31 | Union Oil Co | Treatment of hydrocarbon oil |
| US2329930A (en) * | 1941-05-19 | 1943-09-21 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Process for sweetening hydrocarbon distillates |
| US2503627A (en) * | 1949-04-27 | 1950-04-11 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Removal of mercaptans from gasoline |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR613817A (en16) * | 1926-11-30 | |||
| US1687992A (en) * | 1926-05-29 | 1928-10-16 | Gray Processes Corp | Refining of hydrocarbon oils |
| US2081309A (en) * | 1935-03-18 | 1937-05-25 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Process for treating oils |
| US2102878A (en) * | 1936-05-23 | 1937-12-21 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Treatment of hydrocarbon oils |
| US2122795A (en) * | 1936-06-15 | 1938-07-05 | Union Oil Co | Method of stabilizing sulphur containing petroleum oils |
| FR844849A (fr) * | 1938-10-12 | 1939-08-02 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Perfectionnements au traitement des huiles hydrocarbonées |
-
0
- BE BE512629D patent/BE512629A/xx unknown
-
1951
- 1951-07-05 GB GB15981/51A patent/GB723530A/en not_active Expired
-
1952
- 1952-06-20 US US294716A patent/US2759873A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1952-06-28 DE DEA16084A patent/DE954542C/de not_active Expired
- 1952-07-01 FR FR1065324D patent/FR1065324A/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2227089A (en) * | 1938-02-07 | 1940-12-31 | Union Oil Co | Treatment of hydrocarbon oil |
| US2204234A (en) * | 1938-11-09 | 1940-06-11 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Treatment of hydrocarbon oils |
| US2329930A (en) * | 1941-05-19 | 1943-09-21 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Process for sweetening hydrocarbon distillates |
| US2503627A (en) * | 1949-04-27 | 1950-04-11 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Removal of mercaptans from gasoline |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2825884A (en) * | 1953-05-14 | 1958-03-04 | Ravtheon Mfg Company | Echo ranging devices |
| US3305479A (en) * | 1964-10-16 | 1967-02-21 | Standard Oil Co | Copper chloride sweetening process |
| US20080296204A1 (en) * | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-04 | Emirates National Oil Company Limited (Enoc) Llc | Process for treating hydrocarbon liquid compositions |
| US7691258B2 (en) * | 2007-06-04 | 2010-04-06 | Emirates National Oil Company Limited (Enoc) Llc | Process for treating hydrocarbon liquid compositions |
| US9956502B2 (en) | 2014-08-29 | 2018-05-01 | Uop Llc | Fixed bed apparatus with support structure and methods for processing hydrocarbons using the same |
| CN111024474A (zh) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-04-17 | 中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心 | 针对含硫地区油气化探样品芳烃类物质测定的前处理方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BE512629A (en16) | |
| GB723530A (en) | 1955-02-09 |
| DE954542C (de) | 1956-12-20 |
| FR1065324A (fr) | 1954-05-24 |
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