US2748317A - Mutator system, more particularly a rectifying system, in the graetz arrangement, and to a method of controlling such a system - Google Patents

Mutator system, more particularly a rectifying system, in the graetz arrangement, and to a method of controlling such a system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2748317A
US2748317A US204298A US20429851A US2748317A US 2748317 A US2748317 A US 2748317A US 204298 A US204298 A US 204298A US 20429851 A US20429851 A US 20429851A US 2748317 A US2748317 A US 2748317A
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Prior art keywords
voltage
tube
auxiliary
ignition
anode
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Expired - Lifetime
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US204298A
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English (en)
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Wiel Alfred Van De
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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Hartford National Bank and Trust Co
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/15—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using discharge tubes only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/02—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of grid-control or igniter-control voltages for discharge tubes incorporated in static converters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mutator system, more particularly a rectifying system, in the Gratz arrangement and to a method of controlling such a system.
  • controllable commutators such as grid-controlled, gas or vapour-filled incandescent cathode discharge tubes the output voltage may be made continuously controllable between a maximum and minimum value.
  • the first tube will ignite, but extinguish immediately thereon, since the current cannot yet pass through the second tube, which has not yet struck, so that the system does not operate.
  • the object could, if desired, be realized by using rectangular ignition voltages.
  • the disadvantage can be obviated by using controllable, gas or vapour-filled discharge tubes of the kind comprising a cold liquid or solid cathode, an ignition electrode and an auxiliary anode in a mutator system in the Gratz arrangement.
  • the control-means are such that the output voltage is controllable in practice from the minimum to the maximum value obtainable, each of the auxiliary anodes being connected periodically to a positive auxiliary voltage source for more than 180, butless than 360 degrees of the electrical wave.
  • a second advantage of the invention is, as stated above, the possibility of causing the tubes to deliver their maximum output.
  • auxiliary anodes must not be continuously con nected to the positive auxiliary voltage, since the controllability of the system would be affected.
  • an inverter system may be arranged in accordance with the invention, for example to feedback alternating current energy to the power lines when electrically braking a direct-current motor .opflrating as a generator.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a rectifying system in a three phase Gr'altz arrangement and Fig. 2 is a graph representing the associated voltages in the system of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a graph .of a control-voltage for a second preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of said second mbodirnent.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing the output voltage furnished by the circuit in Fig. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of the arrangement shown in Fig. l, in which solid-cathode gas-filled tubes are used instead of liquid-cathode vapor-filled tubes.
  • each of the tubes comprises a mercury cathode 8, an immersed ignition electrode 9, an anode l0 and an auxiliary anode 1 1.
  • a load 12 is connected to the direct voltage line 13, 14.
  • the ignition electrode 9 of eachtube is supplied with pulse-shaped ignition voltages produced by a source 36 whose output is shiftable in .phase
  • the ignition electrodes 9 .of these tubes are supplied with pulse-shaped ignition voltages 3" and 4 by pulse generators 38 and 39, respectively, whose outputs are-shiftable in phase.
  • auxiliaryanodes 11 of tubes 3 and 4 are supplied with a direct voltage 17 formore than but less than 360 .of the alternating current periodby the square-wave generators 40 and 41.
  • a preferred form of the square-wave generator is shown in ,Fig. 4, which will be discussed indetail later inthe specification.
  • FIG. 2 shows the anode voltages 4 to 6 of the tubes 4 to 6 and the cathode voltages 1' to 3' of the tubes 1to;3.
  • the figure furthermore shows the control-voltage 4"for thetube 4, the control yoltage 3" for the tube 3 andt he control voltage for the tube 5 as pulse type voltages.
  • These control-voltages are adapted to be shifted in phase, at least in the section of the positive anode voltage 4, provided that complete controllability of this arrangement from minimum to maximum direct voltage is desired.
  • ignition will have to take place comparatively late in the half-period, for example at the instant indicated by the ignition peak 4.
  • the tube 4 then ignites with anode voltage 4. It is assumed that the current passing through this tube also makes its way through the tube 2. The tube 4 is alive until the instant 16, when the anode voltage becomes negative and the discharge between the anode 10 and the cathode 8 is consequently interrupted.
  • the said auxiliary arc is also struck with the result that the discharge path of the discharge of the tube 4 just interrupted at the instant 16 remains in the ionized state, so that the tube 4 automatically re-starts, when, this tube, owing to the ignition of the tube 3, has a positive anode voltage relative to the cathode.
  • This is known to be invariably the case, so long as the voltage 1 (the subsequent voltage of the voltage 4) of the tube 4 is more positive than the cathode voltage 3 of the tube 3.
  • the two tubes then extinguish simultaneously at the instant 18.
  • the tube 5 ignites at the instant 5", so that the tube 3 just extinguished is again forced to strike under the action of the positive anode voltage, provided that the auxiliary are between the auxiliary anode and the cathode is also ignited at the instant 3" owing to the presence of a positive auxiliary voltage, this auxiliary are maintaining the ionization of the tube 3 till the instant 5".
  • the period of time for which the auxiliary voltage is to be applied to the auxiliary anode 11 must exceed 180 degrees. Since in the present case, it is desired that the rectifier be controllable from the minimum to the maximum voltage, this implies that at the maximum voltage the control-voltage 4" for the tube 4 having the anode voltage 4' must occur at the instant 19. However, with phase-shifting devices it is very difiicult to adjust the control to be such that the ignition peak is exactly coincident with the instant 19. Consequently, in practice this necessitates the use of a margin of tolerances. If this margin is provided to the right of the point 19, ignition will invariably take place, but the maximum voltage is not invariably obtainable.
  • the auxiliary voltage must consequently start at the left of point 1).
  • the end of the duration of the auxiliary voltage must be substantially to the right of point 18, since for obtaining the minimum direct voltage, an ignition has to take place near the end of the half period 3' of the tube 3, immediately to the left of point 18.
  • this also means that at this instant the main are of the tube 4, as the subsequent tube, must still be able to start automatically with the use of the auxiliary are, which has ignited immediately before point 16 (near the end of the half period 4-). Since the course 20 between 18 and 19 is degrees, the auxiliary voltage must be applied to a greater course, that is to say, exceeding 180 degrees, as is indicated by the auxiliary Voltage 17.
  • the auxiliary arc must be extinguished, since otherwise the main arc would reignite under the action of the anode voltage 4' immediately at the right of point 21, while it is precisely an ignition immediately before point 22 near the end of the half period which is desired. Consequently, the auxiliary voltage must be applied to a course shorter than 360 degrees, i. e. the course 20+23, that, is to say, so much shorter that the tie-ionization time till point 24, where the auxiliary voltage is re-applied, is sufiicient.
  • the positive auxiliary voltage may be applied to the auxiliary anodes in various ways for example, by temporary connection to a direct voltage source 37 with the use of mechanical contacts 38.
  • An improved method consists in the application of a direct voltage having superposed thereon an alternating voltage, as is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the zero-voltage line is designated 25, the direct voltage 26 and the alternating voltages 27.
  • the auxiliary volta e is positive and during the course 2? of about 60 degrees it is negative in order to bring about the de-ionization.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a preferred method of producing the required auxiliary voltage with the use of a normal three phase-transformer connected to an alternating current line and of two small rectifiers.
  • Two windings 30 and 31 of the secondary star-connected winding of a line transformer are each connected in series with a dry rectifier 32 and 33 to each other and, by way of a load resistance 34, to the auxiliary anode 11.
  • the star point is connected to the cathode 8.
  • the third winding 35 is not connected.
  • the voltage of this arrangement is similar to that shown in Fig. 5, the course 36 with positive voltage being again 300 and the course 37 with negative voltage being 60 degrees.
  • control apparatus for said system comprising means to apply an igniting voltage to the ignition electrode of each tube at a desired instant with respect to the cycle of alternating voltage, and means to connect periodically an auxiliary voltage to said auxiliary anode in each tube for more than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees of said cycle, the value of said auxiliary voltage being sufficient to maintain auxiliary arcs following extinguishment of the main arcs in said tubes.
  • auxiliary voltage is produced by a source including a three phase transformer, having three windings with a common end terminal therefor, a first rectifier connecting the other end terminal of one of said windings to the auxiliary anode of a tube, a second rectifier connecting the other end terminal of a second winding to said auxiliary anode, and means connecting the common terminal to said cathode.
  • control apparatus for said system to vary its output from the minimum to the maximum value obtainable comprising means to apply igniting pulses to the ignition electrode of said tube, said pulse means being adjustable in phase, and means to connect periodically an auxiliary voltage to said auxiliary anode in each tube for more than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees with respect to the cycle of said alternating voltage, the value of said auxiliary voltage being sufficient to maintain auxiliary arcs following extinguishment of the main arcs in said tubes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
US204298A 1950-01-26 1951-01-04 Mutator system, more particularly a rectifying system, in the graetz arrangement, and to a method of controlling such a system Expired - Lifetime US2748317A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL151277A NL77632C (xx) 1950-01-26 1950-01-26

Publications (1)

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US2748317A true US2748317A (en) 1956-05-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US204298A Expired - Lifetime US2748317A (en) 1950-01-26 1951-01-04 Mutator system, more particularly a rectifying system, in the graetz arrangement, and to a method of controlling such a system

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US2748317A (xx)
BE (1) BE500823A (xx)
CH (1) CH288265A (xx)
DE (1) DE896087C (xx)
FR (1) FR1034745A (xx)
GB (1) GB685265A (xx)
NL (1) NL77632C (xx)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2899627A (en) * 1959-08-11 steinberg
US3435329A (en) * 1965-03-16 1969-03-25 Nat Res Dev Scr type alternating current electric power control
US3482144A (en) * 1967-05-12 1969-12-02 Atomic Energy Commission Phantastron drive for ignitrons

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2248625A (en) * 1940-03-30 1941-07-08 Gen Electric Electric valve control circuit
US2291092A (en) * 1941-11-26 1942-07-28 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Control system for vapor-electric valves
US2549831A (en) * 1948-05-21 1951-04-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Conversion system

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE642511C (de) * 1931-08-04 1937-03-06 Aeg Anordnung zur Steuerung des Stromdurchganges bei Umformungseinrichtungen, die mindestens zwei in Reihe geschaltete, phasenverschoben arbeitende Gruppen von je mindestens zwei gittergesteuerten Entladungsstrecken, vorzugsweise Dampf- oder Gasentladungsstrecken, enthalten
DE588079C (de) * 1932-06-08 1933-11-16 Aeg Anordnung zur Inbetriebsetzung und zur betriebsmaessigen Gittersteuerung von mehrphasigen Gleichrichtern oder Wechselrichtern mit ungerader Phasenzahl, die mit gittergesteuerten Dampf- oder Gasentladungsgefaessen in Graetzschaltung arbeiten
DE715258C (de) * 1935-07-16 1941-12-17 Siemens Ag Schaltung fuer die Steuerkreise eines mehrphasigen Stromrichters mit einanodigen gas- oder dampfgefuellten Entladungsgefaessen
NL154268B (nl) * 1935-11-04 Prb Sa Werkwijze voor het isomeriseren van alfa-zuren van hop.
DE728540C (de) * 1940-07-26 1942-11-28 Siemens Ag Schalteinrichtung fuer Wechselstrom

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2248625A (en) * 1940-03-30 1941-07-08 Gen Electric Electric valve control circuit
US2291092A (en) * 1941-11-26 1942-07-28 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg Co Control system for vapor-electric valves
US2549831A (en) * 1948-05-21 1951-04-24 Westinghouse Electric Corp Conversion system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2899627A (en) * 1959-08-11 steinberg
US3435329A (en) * 1965-03-16 1969-03-25 Nat Res Dev Scr type alternating current electric power control
US3482144A (en) * 1967-05-12 1969-12-02 Atomic Energy Commission Phantastron drive for ignitrons

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE500823A (xx) 1900-01-01
CH288265A (de) 1953-01-15
FR1034745A (fr) 1953-07-30
DE896087C (de) 1953-11-09
NL77632C (xx) 1954-06-15
GB685265A (en) 1952-12-31

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