US2748238A - Method of welding wires under tension - Google Patents

Method of welding wires under tension Download PDF

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Publication number
US2748238A
US2748238A US438153A US43815354A US2748238A US 2748238 A US2748238 A US 2748238A US 438153 A US438153 A US 438153A US 43815354 A US43815354 A US 43815354A US 2748238 A US2748238 A US 2748238A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wires
frame
wire
welding
grid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US438153A
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English (en)
Inventor
Zaphiropoulos Renn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chromatic Television Laboratories Inc
Original Assignee
Chromatic Television Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL197931D priority Critical patent/NL197931A/xx
Priority to BE539143D priority patent/BE539143A/xx
Application filed by Chromatic Television Laboratories Inc filed Critical Chromatic Television Laboratories Inc
Priority to US438153A priority patent/US2748238A/en
Priority to ES0222528A priority patent/ES222528A1/es
Priority to FR1126313D priority patent/FR1126313A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2748238A publication Critical patent/US2748238A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
    • H01J9/14—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of non-emitting electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/002—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B23K11/008—Manufacturing of metallic grids or mats by spot welding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J2893/0012—Constructional arrangements
    • H01J2893/0019—Chemical composition and manufacture
    • H01J2893/0022—Manufacture

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of securing a plurality of conducting members to a metallic frame or support. More particularly, the invention relates to cathode-ray tubes having a grid of essentially parallel wires adjacent to a striped phosphor screen, or target electrode, and to a method for so positioning these wires as to permit the establishment of a desired relationship between such wires and the phosphor strips of the screen.
  • Cathode-ray tubes constructed with a grid of essentially parallel wires located adjacent to a striped phosphor screen are now known in the art. Such a grid may form one component of an electron lens system which serves to focus the beam electrons into a pattern of thin lines registered with the phosphor strips of the screen.
  • This PDF (post-deflection-focusing) type of cathoderay tube operation has been set forth by Ernest 0. Lawrence and is illustrated by his U. S. Patent No. 2,692,532, granted Otocber 26, 1954.
  • the tube may incorporate a screen, or target electrode, made up of a relatively large number of very narrow component-color phosphor strips laid down in a predetermined sequence and intended to luminesce, when impacted by the cathoderay beam, in colors such as red, green, blue, green, red, green, etc.
  • a screen, or target electrode made up of a relatively large number of very narrow component-color phosphor strips laid down in a predetermined sequence and intended to luminesce, when impacted by the cathoderay beam, in colors such as red, green, blue, green, red, green, etc.
  • the color of a phosphor what is meant is the color of the light emitted therefrom which reaches the eye of an observer.
  • the phosphors are then aluminized, or in some other manner provided with an electrically conductive coating.
  • a grid assembly is located adjacent to such a phosphor screen.
  • the grid may be made up of essentially parallel wires, and so related to the phosphor strips of the screen that, in an electron-optical sense, there is a wire aligned with each blue strip, and similarly a wire aligned with each red strip.
  • the red wires are connected to a common terminal, while the blue wires are similarly joined together electrically.
  • the beam electrons may be focused by the above-described lens structure into a series of lines associated with the phosphor strips. If there is zero atent O i 2,748,238 Patented May 29, 1956 potential difference betwen the red and blue terminals of the wire grid, then these lines formed by the beam electrons will be caused to lie within the boundaries of the green strips. If the wires associated with the red strips are made positive relative to the wires electron-optically related to the blue strips, the beam electrons will be deflected, and the thin lines will now lie within the boundaries of the red strips. Similarly, electrons will strike the blue strips when the wires associated with such strips are relatively positive with respect to the red wires.
  • the wires thereof are maintained in position relative to the phosphor strips of the target by means of spacer elements, since the distance between the grid wires and the phosphor-coated surface of the target is critical in many respects.
  • One preferred construction in which the grid wires and the phosphor screen are formed as a single unit is illustrated and described in a United States patent to Renn Zaphiropoulos, No. 2,683,833, granted July 13, 1954.
  • a light-transmissive base plate (which may be of glass) is employed as a target backing.
  • This base plate is secured to a grid frame by the strand conductors, or wires, of the grid.
  • a pair of spacer bars is afiixed to one surface of the base plate, and defines a window, or target area, therebetween which may be coated with phosphor strips having the desired color characteristics.
  • Means are provided for securing the electrically-conducting wires to the frame so that these wires extend across the window, or target, area of the base plate and are positioned therefrom by the spacer bars.
  • the wires or linear conductors are divided into two sets of alternate strands, and suitable means are provided for applying potentials to each set of strands.
  • the frame is divided into two sections, with each section serving a separate set of strands and also being electrically insulated from the other. Consequently in this form of construction the glass plate is sandwiched between the wires of the grid, on one hand, and the two frame sections on the other. together by the tension of the wires associated with the. outer frame portion, and this pressure acts to hold the frames, base plate, and wires in a unitary assembly.
  • each set of grid wires is attached to its associated frame section by hooking the wire over a projection on the frame, laying down the wire across the raster area of the base plate, hooking it over a projection on the opposite side of the same frame, bringing it back across the raster area of the base plate, and so on.
  • a winding operation is thus carried out which, while producing a grid of satisfactory operating characteristics, nonetheless requires a considerable amount of time to complete and hence materially reduces the number of units which may be manufactured within a given time period.
  • this lastmentioned technique adds a step of cementing the wires in position, and, furthermore, all of the tension of the wires in such a construction is exerted through these ccmentitous bindings.
  • a tensioning device is provided for this set of continuous conductors, so that the wires, which lie in substantially parallel relationship, are maintained under a degree of tension approximately equal to that whicn is desired for the finished grid wire assembly.
  • a metal frame section is then brought into contact with this set of tensioned wires in such a manner that the two oppositelydisposed sections of the frame contact the set of grid wires at the precise points necessary to assure parallel alignment of the wires following an attachment of the wires to the frame section.
  • the frame section is laid against the set of parallel wires so that the wires extend across the window area of the frame.
  • the former are welded to the frame, with these welds being made successively so that the frame is first welded to each wire of the set at that point furthest removed from the rolls or spools containing the continuous conductors.
  • a similar welding operation is then carried out on the remaining frame member at two oppositely-disposed points, the wires extending beyond the welds are cut off so as to leave a set of tensioned conductors extending across the open area of the frame and secured to the two oppositely-disposed frame members.
  • the welding process hitherto performed upon the set of grid wires and the frame section in order to secure these two units together is of the type in which a pair of welding electrodes are placed so that one of the elec trodes underlies the lower surface of the frame section crossed by the Wires, and the remaining electrode is brought into contact with the wire surface at a point opposite to that at which the wire contacts the frame. Qurrent is then passed through the wire and the frame side member so as to effect a fusion of the wire metal to the metal of the frame.
  • the reason underlying this action is that during the welding operation the welding current melts the wire metal, and consequently the strength of the wire is reduced sub- 4' stantially to Zero during the actual welding time. As a result, the tension of the wire causes the wire to pull away from the welding area.
  • the present invention discloses an extremely simple method of preventing this wire breakage during the welding operation, and one which requires substantially no additional time or effort.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide an improved process for welding together metallic articles.
  • An additional object of the present invention is to provide an improved process for Welding a plurality of grid wires to a metallic supporting frame.
  • An additional object of the present invention is to provide a process of the above nature in which breakage of the grid wires due to the welding process is minimized.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide means for retaining a set of grid wires under tension during a welding operation so that melting of any particular grid wire during the welding process will not result in breakage of that wire.
  • Figure l is a perspective view of one form of apparatus by means of which the method of the present invention may be carried out;
  • Figure 2 is a side view of Figure 1 showing an additional apparatus for concurrently performing welding operations on two separate grid frames;
  • Figure 3 by its parts 3a, 3b, 3c shows the progressive movement of the frames
  • Figure 4 is a plan VlW of a grid wire and frame assembly such as it appears after the process of the present invention has been completed;
  • Figure 5 is a side view of a modification of the apparatus of Figure l.
  • Figure 6 is an end view of Figure 5.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 of the drawings there is shown a plurality of spools of wire equal in number to the number of grid wires desired in the finished assembly. Only relatively few of these spools have been illustrated for the sake of clarity. These spools are arranged side-by-side or in a matrix, so that the wires, when drawn from the spools and aligned, lie in substantially parallel fashion as best illustrated in Figure 1. Furthermore, these parallel wires are preferably but not necessarily substantially coplanar as again best illustrated in Figure l. in order to accomplish this positioning and to initiate the welding operation which is described herein, the end of the wire from each of these spools it) is secured by a clamp 12 which is only made use of when the equipment is first set up for operation.
  • the principal object of the present invention is to permit the continuous production of grid wire assemblies in a minimum period of time and by a process which will be substantially automatic in operation, thus requiring little or no personal attention.
  • a grid frame in is supported in a movable jig which travels in a direction substantially parallel to the direction in which the wires it extend from the spools it).
  • This movable jig (which is not illustrated in the drawing as it may be of any suitable design) positions and supports the grid frame 16 so that the wires extend across the upper surface thereof and contact two oppositely-disposed side members 2! of the frame.
  • the parallel wires 18 thus extend across the window area defined by the four side members of which the frame 16 is composed, each of the Wires 18 thus having two points of contact with the frame 16.
  • the jig by which the frame 16 is supported causes the latter to contact the wires 18 but at the same time this contact does not force the wires out of their parallel relationship or otherwise disturb their normal position.
  • the frame 16 is designed to be moved by its supporting jig in a direction substantially axially or" the wires 18.
  • a first frame is placed in such relationship with the wires 18 as to be in the position A set forth in Figures 2 and 3.
  • a stationary wire-aligning member 22 is employed between the tensioning apparatus 14 and the first position A of the frame. This insures that the wires 18 are parallel with one another and properly spaced with respect to the side members 20.
  • the wire-aligning member 22 preferably consists of a comb-shaped strip (as best shown in Figure 1) having a plurality of slits equal in number to the number of wires 18. The latter, after being respectively drawn through the slits in the wire-aligning member, then cross the upper surface of the frame 16 lying in the position A (best shown in Figure 2) and then through slits in a second and movable wire-aligning member 24 which is shown in its raised position in Fig ures 1 and 2.
  • This second wire-aligning member 24 has a function somewhat similar to that of the first-mentioned wire-aligning member 22 in that it keeps the wires 18 in their parallel position relative to the frame section 16 and does not readily permit a displacement thereof even when the wires 13 are operated upon during the subsequent welding process. As will later be brought out, this second wire-aligning member 24 is arranged to be raised or lowered (as suggested by the dotted outline in Figure 1) to permit a shift of the grid frame 16 from position A to a new position B shown in Figures 2 and 3.
  • the plurality of tensioned wires 18 pass through the slits in the first wire-aligning member 22, across the upper surface of the two oppositely disposed frame members 20, through the slits in the second wire-aligning member 24 (which is in raised position) and then to the wire clamp 12 which is utilized to maintain the wire tension at this stage of operation.
  • a retaining strip 26 is now laid over the wires 18 so as to extend substantially transversely to the direction of the wires and also to extend across the upper surface of one of the frame members 21) (as best shown in Figure 1) thereby sandwiching the wires 18 between this retaining strip 26 and the frame member.
  • a pair of diametrically-opposed welding electrodes 28 are brought into position so that one of the electrodes exerts a downward pressure upon the upper surface of the retaining strip 26, and the other of the welding electrodes 28 exerts an upward pressure on the undersurface of the frame number 20.
  • the welding electrodes 28 in effect act to compress therebetween the retaining strip 26, one of the wires 18, and the frame side member number 20.
  • the welding electrodes 2% are shown in Figures 1 and 2 as being of substantially linear configuration at their effective welding point, and extend substantially normal to the plane defined by the frame 16 and the grid wires 18. These welding electrodes 28 are furthermore designed to be movable relative to the assembly consisting of the members 18, 2t) and 26 in a direction substantially transverse to the wires and parallel to the direction of the retaining strip. Expressed still differently, the welding electrodes 28 are designed to travel along the retaining strip so that current may be passed through the electrodes-28 while they are centered above each of the wires 18, thus effectively welding one of the wires 18 to both the retaining strip 26 and the frame side member 20. This relative movement of the electrodes 2-3 is indicated by the arrow in Figure l, and may be carried out by any suitable means.
  • the welding electrodes possess a progressive intermittent movement with respect to the frame 16, this progression being such that there is no relative movement of the two elements at the precise instants when the welding electrodes 28 are centered above 'each of the wires 18.
  • Current is at those times passed between the electrodes to efiect the weld, following which the current is interrupted and the relative movement between the electrodes 18 and frame 20 continues until the electrodes are centered above the next adjacent wire to the one last welded. This process continues until all the wires 18 have been welded to the one particular frame side member 2%.
  • FIG 2 two sets of welding electrodes are actually used, but the operation of a single set has been described above in order to set forth the theory of operation.
  • the frame 16 will start in the position A shown in Figure 2, so that the first weld will be made on that member 21) which is on the right hand side of the frame. It is necessary, of course, that the wire clamp 12 be effective during this period in order to retain the wire tension until the first welding operation has been completed.
  • the action of the retaining strip 26 prevents breakage of the grid wires during the welding operation. This is due to the fact that each retaining strip 25 extends for a sufficient lateral distance to either side of the weld made by the electrodes 28 so that the tension of the wire being welded does not act to pull it away from the clamped assembly. This result follows even though the welding process may possibly cause a melting of the wire material to such an extent that the strength of the wire during the welding operation would normally be reduced substantially to zero at the weld point. To accomplish this clamping effect, the width of each of the retaining strips 26 is so chosen that the welding current flows only through a portion of the strip width, with the remaining portion serving solely as a clamp.
  • the frame 16 is moved by its jig to position B. In the latter location, the remaining one of the side members 20 is welded by a second pair of welding electrodes 28. Concurrently with this welding of the remaining side member 20 of the initial frame 16, a welding of one member of a second frame is carried out, this second frame being in the position A formerly occupied by the initial frame (see Fig. 3b).
  • one side member of each of two separate frames is welded in a single welding operation by the use of the two pairs of welding electrodes 28 shown in Figure 2. Since the operation of each of these pairs of electrodes is identical, it is believed that the above description is sufficient to make this phase of applicants process completely clear.
  • the wire clamp 12 is no longer necessary and can be dispensed with.
  • the movable wire-aligning member 24 be lowered as indicated in dotted lines in Figures 1 and 2 so that the jig on which the frame 16 is supported may move this frame 16 without hindrance. Any suitable means of raising and lowering this member 24 may be used, and since the particular details thereof constitute no part of the present invention they have not been illustrated.
  • Figure 3 shows the successive frame movements from position A to position B to a final position C.
  • one weld is initially performed in position A as indicated by the small x on the upper surface of one of the frame side members 29.
  • the frame is then shifted to position B, and a new frame is brought into position A as shown in Figure 3b.
  • Two welds are then carried out simultaneously, one of these welds being the final one for the initial frame, and the other weld being the first one for the new frame member.
  • the initial frame (now being welded in its entirety) is moved to a new position C as shown in Figure 3c.
  • each retaining strip 26 may be made at or near the extreme ends of each retaining strip 26 so as to prevent any looseness between these members and the frame 16 and to result in a better positioning of the assembly during the welding operation.
  • the welding electrodes may have a configuration such as shown in Figures and 6. That is, they may be substantially cylindrical in outline so as to permit a rolling movement of the electrodes over the retaining strips 26 and the frame sections 20.
  • These roller electrodes identified by the reference numeral 3t), are of a type known in the art, and, as in the case of Figures 1 and 2, serve to compress the retaining strips 26, the grid wires 18, and the frame sections 29 therebetween and thus preclude any lateral displacement of the grid wires 18 relative to the members between which they are compressed.
  • each wire of said plurality is welded to said frame section through the medium of a pair of oppositely-disposed welding electrodes which have a unitary movement relative to said frame section in the general direction of said retaining strip, the two electrodes of said pair respectively contacting said retaining strip and said frame section.
  • a method of welding a filamentary conductor under tension to a metallic supporting member which includes the step of clamping said conductor to said supporting member beyond the welding area so that such clamping action tends to maintain the tensioned condition of said conductor when the substance of which the latter is composed tends to change its nature during the welding operation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Welding (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)
US438153A 1954-06-21 1954-06-21 Method of welding wires under tension Expired - Lifetime US2748238A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL197931D NL197931A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1954-06-21
BE539143D BE539143A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1954-06-21
US438153A US2748238A (en) 1954-06-21 1954-06-21 Method of welding wires under tension
ES0222528A ES222528A1 (es) 1954-06-21 1955-06-20 Un método de soldar hilos tensados a un soporte
FR1126313D FR1126313A (fr) 1954-06-21 1955-06-20 Procédé pour souder des fils tendus sur un support métallique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US438153A US2748238A (en) 1954-06-21 1954-06-21 Method of welding wires under tension

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US2748238A true US2748238A (en) 1956-05-29

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US438153A Expired - Lifetime US2748238A (en) 1954-06-21 1954-06-21 Method of welding wires under tension

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US (1) US2748238A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE539143A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES222528A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1126313A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL197931A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3961153A (en) * 1974-05-24 1976-06-01 Trw Inc. Machine for fabricating a wire network
US4125753A (en) * 1975-12-17 1978-11-14 Evg Entwicklungs-U. Verwertungs-Gmbh. Welding machine for lattice gratings
WO1993019868A1 (en) * 1990-10-05 1993-10-14 Pertti Tapio Ollilainen A method for manufacturing a mesh reinforcement

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1006536A (en) * 1911-04-21 1911-10-24 Union Steel Screen Company Welding-machine.
DE355662C (de) * 1922-06-29 Richard Mack Elektrische Schweissmaschine zum Schweissen von Gittern
DE388076C (de) * 1920-11-17 1924-01-08 Otto Josef Schnetzer Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Drahtgeflechten mittels elektrischer Widerstandsschweissung
US2479556A (en) * 1945-06-27 1949-08-23 David T Siegel Welding method and apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE355662C (de) * 1922-06-29 Richard Mack Elektrische Schweissmaschine zum Schweissen von Gittern
US1006536A (en) * 1911-04-21 1911-10-24 Union Steel Screen Company Welding-machine.
DE388076C (de) * 1920-11-17 1924-01-08 Otto Josef Schnetzer Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Drahtgeflechten mittels elektrischer Widerstandsschweissung
US2479556A (en) * 1945-06-27 1949-08-23 David T Siegel Welding method and apparatus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3961153A (en) * 1974-05-24 1976-06-01 Trw Inc. Machine for fabricating a wire network
US4125753A (en) * 1975-12-17 1978-11-14 Evg Entwicklungs-U. Verwertungs-Gmbh. Welding machine for lattice gratings
WO1993019868A1 (en) * 1990-10-05 1993-10-14 Pertti Tapio Ollilainen A method for manufacturing a mesh reinforcement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1126313A (fr) 1956-11-20
NL197931A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES222528A1 (es) 1956-01-01
BE539143A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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