US2744030A - Process for treating sea urchin tests - Google Patents
Process for treating sea urchin tests Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2744030A US2744030A US413476A US41347654A US2744030A US 2744030 A US2744030 A US 2744030A US 413476 A US413476 A US 413476A US 41347654 A US41347654 A US 41347654A US 2744030 A US2744030 A US 2744030A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tests
- sea urchin
- sea
- treating
- shell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 241000257465 Echinoidea Species 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 241000258955 Echinodermata Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical group [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 3
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960005076 sodium hypochlorite Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
Definitions
- This invention relates to processes for treating seaurchin tests to render them translucent and to develop latent color patterns therein and to the products of such processes.
- Thepresent invention relates to the treatment of tests not from the Phylum Mollusca but from the Phylum Echinodermata which latter Phylum includes the sea urchins. More particularly this invention relates to processes for treating sea urchin tests to render these tests translucent and to develop latent color patterns to produce articles of commerce of great beauty and utility suitable, among other purposes, for use as lamp shades and the like.
- Sea-urchin tests are formed of a great many calcareous plates fused together into a partially flattened globe. These plates are arranged in ten clearly defined sections or bands extending from the aboral area or top smaller hole down to the oral area or mouth on the under side of the test. Five narrow bands of ambulacral plates containing multiples of small holes through which the tube feet of the sea urchin extend alternate with five broader interambulacral bands of plates which contain no holes. The arrangement of these .two series of plates provide an appearance much like the meridian lines of a globe of the world. A multitude of knobs cover the shell symmetrically and are the bases for the spines or needles of the sea urchin when alive.
- the sea urchin shell in its natural state is opaque and if the sea urchin is removed from the shell and the shell illuminated from within without treatment no light is transmitted through the shell.
- the sea urchin shell is treated in accordance with the present invention it becomes translucent and light originating within the shell passes through the interambulacral sections and issues from the holes found in the ambulacral areas. Further, the tests so treated developed a latent color pattern which when illuminated is extremely pleasing to the eye and the resultant product is one of great beauty and utility.
- the latent color pattern of the sea urchin tests varies with the individual tests.
- the colors may range from a light almost colorless shell-like appearance to a deep garnet-red.
- the color will vary in accordance with the thickness of the walls of the test so that the color is darkest and most intense directly beneath the knobs of the shell and progressively lightens between the knobs. This results in a jewel-like efiect when the treated test is illuminated from within.
- sea urchins as taken from the ocean are boiled in water containing an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate such as bircarbonate of soda.
- This initial boiling of the sea urchins strips the exterior of spines and the interior of the sea urchin organs.
- the tube-feet filling the perforations in the ambulacral plates are also removed by this treatment.
- the tests are now a dingy brown color and are then bleached in a dilute solution of a suitable bleaching agent such as sodium-hypochlorite.
- a suitable bleaching agent such as sodium-hypochlorite.
- the bleaching of the tests changes the before-described dingy brown color to a chalky appearance but apparently does not affect the latent color paterns in the tests which our invention preserves and enhances.
- the tests are then removed from the bleaching solution and are thoroughly washed in clear water and are dried. After drying the tests are somewhat opaque and are of a markedly chalky appearance with no color patterns visible.
- shellacs, hard waxes, or synthetic or natural resins which have previously been heated or dissolved where necessary in a suitable medium to render them liquid for dipping the tests until the tests absorb as much of the wax, lacquer,
Landscapes
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
Description
United States Patent PROCESS FOR TREATING SEA URCHIN TESTS Ernest Toms and Eva Mae Toms, Pacific Grove, Calif.
No Drawing. Application March 1, 1954, Serial No. 413,476
4 Claims. (Cl. 117-3) This invention relates to processes for treating seaurchin tests to render them translucent and to develop latent color patterns therein and to the products of such processes.
It has heretofore been proposed to polish and treat the shells of the Phylum Mollusca to produce articles of commerce such as buttons, mother of pearl and the like. Thepresent invention relates to the treatment of tests not from the Phylum Mollusca but from the Phylum Echinodermata which latter Phylum includes the sea urchins. More particularly this invention relates to processes for treating sea urchin tests to render these tests translucent and to develop latent color patterns to produce articles of commerce of great beauty and utility suitable, among other purposes, for use as lamp shades and the like.
The structure of the tests of the Phylum Echinodermata is so entirely distinct from the structure of the tests of the Phylum Mollusca that processes for treating Mollusca tests would be entirely useless when treating Echinodermata tests and the knowledge and practices developed in the former art are in no way applicable to the latter art as will appear more fully hereinafter.
Sea-urchin tests are formed of a great many calcareous plates fused together into a partially flattened globe. These plates are arranged in ten clearly defined sections or bands extending from the aboral area or top smaller hole down to the oral area or mouth on the under side of the test. Five narrow bands of ambulacral plates containing multiples of small holes through which the tube feet of the sea urchin extend alternate with five broader interambulacral bands of plates which contain no holes. The arrangement of these .two series of plates provide an appearance much like the meridian lines of a globe of the world. A multitude of knobs cover the shell symmetrically and are the bases for the spines or needles of the sea urchin when alive.
The sea urchin shell in its natural state is opaque and if the sea urchin is removed from the shell and the shell illuminated from within without treatment no light is transmitted through the shell. When the sea urchin shell is treated in accordance with the present invention it becomes translucent and light originating within the shell passes through the interambulacral sections and issues from the holes found in the ambulacral areas. Further, the tests so treated developed a latent color pattern which when illuminated is extremely pleasing to the eye and the resultant product is one of great beauty and utility.
The latent color pattern of the sea urchin tests varies with the individual tests. The colors may range from a light almost colorless shell-like appearance to a deep garnet-red. The color will vary in accordance with the thickness of the walls of the test so that the color is darkest and most intense directly beneath the knobs of the shell and progressively lightens between the knobs. This results in a jewel-like efiect when the treated test is illuminated from within.
, In accordance with one embodiment of our invention, described below to illustrate the same, sea urchins as taken from the ocean are boiled in water containing an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate such as bircarbonate of soda. This initial boiling of the sea urchins strips the exterior of spines and the interior of the sea urchin organs. The tube-feet filling the perforations in the ambulacral plates are also removed by this treatment.
The tests are now a dingy brown color and are then bleached in a dilute solution of a suitable bleaching agent such as sodium-hypochlorite. The bleaching of the tests changes the before-described dingy brown color to a chalky appearance but apparently does not affect the latent color paterns in the tests which our invention preserves and enhances.
The tests are then removed from the bleaching solution and are thoroughly washed in clear water and are dried. After drying the tests are somewhat opaque and are of a markedly chalky appearance with no color patterns visible.
The dried tests are now treated to render them translucent by dipping them in parafiin wax, clear lacquers,
shellacs, hard waxes, or synthetic or natural resins which have previously been heated or dissolved where necessary in a suitable medium to render them liquid for dipping the tests until the tests absorb as much of the wax, lacquer,
shellac or resin as is possible and the entire test is permeated and saturated therewith throughout the entire wall structure. The latent color patterns of the tests are now visible. When a test is illuminated from within, as by an electric light bulb or the like, all of the latent color of the test is revealed in its ultimate beauty and this color pattern is combined with the complementary exterior design of the test to provide an entirely novel decorative and useful article of commerce suitable for many types of illuminating purposes and uses.
It should now be apparent to those skilled in the art that by the present invention we have provided a novel process for treating the tests of the Phylum Echinodermata which results in a novel and useful product not heretofore known.
Changes in or modifications to the above-described illustrative embodiment of our novel process may now be suggested without departing from the present inventive concept and reference should be had to the appended claims to determine the scope of the same.
What is claimed is:
1. In a process for treating sea urchin tests of the Phylum Echinodermata the steps of boiling the sea urchins as they come from the sea in a solution containing an alkali'metal carbonate, bleaching the tests in a solution containing a bleaching agent, washing and drying the tests, and then uniformly saturating and permeating the tests with a liquid solidifiable light transmitting medium.
2. A process as described in claim 1 in which the alkali metal carbonate is sodium bicarbonate.
3. A process as described in claim 1 in which the I bleaching agent is sodium hypochlorite.
4. A process as described in claim 1 in which the alkali metal carbonate is sodium bicarbonate and the bleaching agent is sodium hypochlorite.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS
Claims (1)
1. IN A PROCESS FOR TREATING SEA URCHIN TESTS OF THE PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA THE STEPS OF BOILING THE SEA URCHINS AS THEY COME FROM THE SEA IN A SOLUTION CONTAINING AN ALKALI METAL CARBONATE, BLEACHING THE TESTS IN A SOLUTION CONTAINING A BLEACHING AGENT, WASHING AND DRYING THE TESTS, AND THEN UNIFORMLY SATURATING AND PERMEATING THE TESTS WITH A LIQUID SOLIDIFIABLE LIGHT TRANSMITTING MEDIUM.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US413476A US2744030A (en) | 1954-03-01 | 1954-03-01 | Process for treating sea urchin tests |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US413476A US2744030A (en) | 1954-03-01 | 1954-03-01 | Process for treating sea urchin tests |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2744030A true US2744030A (en) | 1956-05-01 |
Family
ID=23637368
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US413476A Expired - Lifetime US2744030A (en) | 1954-03-01 | 1954-03-01 | Process for treating sea urchin tests |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2744030A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3793047A (en) * | 1970-09-08 | 1974-02-19 | Massenhausen W Von | Process for improving the surface properties of biologically formed calcium carbonate bodies |
| US3955018A (en) * | 1974-07-22 | 1976-05-04 | Aqualine Products, Inc. | Method for forming a decorative coated porous mass and the article produced thereby |
| FR2739058A1 (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1997-03-28 | Tic Tac | Sea shell decorating procedure used for making souvenirs |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US829720A (en) * | 1906-04-02 | 1906-08-28 | Eduard Julius Conn | Method of producing buttons from australian ivory-nuts. |
| GB660960A (en) * | 1948-09-16 | 1951-11-14 | Tno | Improvements in the preservation of oyster shells |
-
1954
- 1954-03-01 US US413476A patent/US2744030A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US829720A (en) * | 1906-04-02 | 1906-08-28 | Eduard Julius Conn | Method of producing buttons from australian ivory-nuts. |
| GB660960A (en) * | 1948-09-16 | 1951-11-14 | Tno | Improvements in the preservation of oyster shells |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3793047A (en) * | 1970-09-08 | 1974-02-19 | Massenhausen W Von | Process for improving the surface properties of biologically formed calcium carbonate bodies |
| US3955018A (en) * | 1974-07-22 | 1976-05-04 | Aqualine Products, Inc. | Method for forming a decorative coated porous mass and the article produced thereby |
| FR2739058A1 (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1997-03-28 | Tic Tac | Sea shell decorating procedure used for making souvenirs |
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