US2737370A - Extended surface element for heat exchanger - Google Patents

Extended surface element for heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US2737370A
US2737370A US103926A US10392649A US2737370A US 2737370 A US2737370 A US 2737370A US 103926 A US103926 A US 103926A US 10392649 A US10392649 A US 10392649A US 2737370 A US2737370 A US 2737370A
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hub
slots
tubular member
extended surface
welding
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US103926A
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Frisch Martin
Blizard John
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/30—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means being attachable to the element
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49377—Tube with heat transfer means
    • Y10T29/49378—Finned tube

Definitions

  • This invention relates to heat exchange apparatus having tubular members, and more particularly pertains to extended surfaces for the tubular members thereof.
  • the invention provides novel extended surface elements for tubular members of heat exchange apparatus and novel means for securing said elements to the tubular members.
  • Fig. l is a cabinet projection of an extended surface element embodying the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is an elevational view, with parts in section, of a tubular member with the extended surface elements of the present invention Welded thereto, and
  • Fig. 3 is a view illustrating in an exaggerated manner, the action of the hub of an extended surface element of the present invention while it is being welded to a tubular member.
  • reference character 16 designates a metallic tubular member provided with metallic extended surface elements 17.
  • Each element 17 consists of a hub 18 and a flange 19 which is integral with the hub at one end thereof, and extends transversely to the axis of the tubular member on which the element is mounted and is constructed and arranged to provide a plurality, sixteen as shown, of radially extending projections 21 of isosceles trapezoidal configuration in the plane of the projections, the bases of which are spaced a short distance from the hub 18.
  • the hub 18 has a plurality of spaced, longitudinally extending slots 27 which extend through the hubs 18 at a plurality of circumferentially spaced points.
  • the extended surface elements are secured to the tubular members by electric resistance seam welding the hubs 18 of the elements to the tubular members, with the hub of one element in contact with the flange of the next adjacent element as shown in Fig. 3, so that the hubs will provide a covering for each tubular member to shield it from contact with the fluid flowing over the tubular members and the extended surface elements thereon.
  • the major portions of the hubs preferably will be seam welded to the tubular member.
  • the function of the slots 27 in the hub 18 will be understood from a consideration of Fig. 3, wherein the seam Welding electrode wheels are designated 25 and 26. Due to the pressure of the electrode wheels and to the necessity for clearance between the tubular member 16 and the hub 18 of the extended surface element, at the beginning of and in the early stages of the welding operation, the hub 18 will be forced into an elliptical shape as indicated in Fig. 3, with air gaps between the tube and the hub in the areas between the welded areas. Moreover, substantially throughout the welding operation, the hub will be heated to a higher temperature than the tube, resulting in an expansion of the hub and an increase in its circumference as well as an increase in the air gaps.
  • slots 27 provide spaces into which the expanding metal is forced during welding, the slots being of such width that they are closed by such expansion and thereby shield said peripheral surface of the tubular member from contact with fluid flowing over the tubular members and the extended surface elements thereon.
  • a heat exchange device comprising a tubular memher, a metallic hub adapted to be mounted on and welded to the tubular member, and heat conducting means integral with and in heat exchange relationship with the hub, said heat-conducting means projecting outwardly from the hub, the hub prior to said welding having a plurality of slots therethrough circumferentially spaced from one another around the periphery of the hub and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the hub, the number and length of said slots being such as to provide areas of local weakness in the hub and the Width and shape of the slots being such that they are closed when the hub expands during welding and remain closed thereafter, thereby shielding the peripheral surface of the tubular member.
  • a heat exchange device comprising a tubular member, a metallic hub adapted to be mounted on and welded to the tubular member, and a plurality of projections of heat conducting material integral with and in heat exchange relationship with the hub, said heat-conducting means projecting outwardly from the hub, the hub prior to said Welding having a plurality of slots therethrough circumferentially spaced from one another around the periphery of the hub and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the hub, the number and length of said slots being such as to provide areas of local weakness in the hub and the Width and shape of the slots being such that they are closed when the hub expands during welding and remain closed thereafter, thereby shielding the peripheral surface of the tubular member.
  • a heat exchange device comprising a tubular member, a metallic hub adapted to be mounted on and Welded to the tubular member, and a plurality of projections integral with and projecting outwardly from the hub, the hub prior to said welding having a plurality of slots therethrough circumferentially spaced from one another around the periphery of the hub and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the hub, the number and length of said slots being such as to provide areas of local weakness in the hub and the width and shape of the slots being such that they are closed when the hub expands during welding and remain closed thereafter, thereby shielding the peripheral surface of the tubular member.
  • a heat exchange device comprising :a tubular member, a metallic 'hub adapted to be mounted on the tubular having a plurality of elongated slots therethrough circumferentially spaced from one another around the periphery of the hub and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the hub, the opposite sides thereof being parallel, the
  • a heat exchange device comprising a tubular memher, a metallic hub adapted to be mounted on and Welded to the tubular member, heat conducting means integral with the hub and extending outwardly from and in a direction normal to the axis of the hub, the hub prior to said Welding having elongated slots therethrough circumferentially spaced from one another around the periphery of the hub and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the hub, the opposite sides thereof being parallel, the number and length of said slots being such as to provide areas of local weakness in the hub and the width of the slots being such that they are closed when the hub expands during welding and remain closed thereafter, thereby shielding the peripheral surface of the tubular member.
  • a heat exchange device comprising a tubular member, a metallic hub adapted to be mounted on and welded to the tubular member, and heat conducting means integral with and in heat exchange relationship with the hub, said heat-conducting means projecting outwardly from the hub, the hub prior to said Welding having a plurality of elongated slots therethrough extending axially of the hub, said slots being circumferentially spaced from one another around the periphery of the hub, the opposite sides of the slots being parallel to one another and to the longitudinal axis of the tubular member, the number and length of said slots being such as to provide areas of local weakness in the hub and the Width and shape of the slots being such that they are closed when the hub expands during welding and remain closed thereafter, thereby shielding the peripheral surface of the tubular member.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)

Description

March 6, 1956 sc ET AL 2,737,370
EXTENDED SURFACE ELEMENT FOR HEAT EXCHANGER Filed July 9, 1949 Zmnentors MA/PT/ FfP/S CH Jomv /ZAF?D @EMWEQ an n United States Patent EXTENDED SURFACE ELEMENT FOR HEAT EXCHANGER Martin Frisch, New York, and John Biizartl Garden City, N. Y.
Application July 9, 1949, Serial No. 1%,926 6 Claims. (Cl. 257-26216) This invention relates to heat exchange apparatus having tubular members, and more particularly pertains to extended surfaces for the tubular members thereof.
The invention provides novel extended surface elements for tubular members of heat exchange apparatus and novel means for securing said elements to the tubular members.
This application is a continuation in part of application Serial No. 508,668 filed November 2, 1943 and issued on July l2, 1949 as United States Patent No. 2,475,604.
The invention will be understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part thereof, and in which:
Fig. l is a cabinet projection of an extended surface element embodying the invention;
Fig. 2 is an elevational view, with parts in section, of a tubular member with the extended surface elements of the present invention Welded thereto, and
Fig. 3 is a view illustrating in an exaggerated manner, the action of the hub of an extended surface element of the present invention while it is being welded to a tubular member.
Like characters of reference refer to the same or to similar parts throughout the several views.
Referring to the drawing, reference character 16 designates a metallic tubular member provided with metallic extended surface elements 17. Each element 17 consists of a hub 18 and a flange 19 which is integral with the hub at one end thereof, and extends transversely to the axis of the tubular member on which the element is mounted and is constructed and arranged to provide a plurality, sixteen as shown, of radially extending projections 21 of isosceles trapezoidal configuration in the plane of the projections, the bases of which are spaced a short distance from the hub 18. The hub 18 has a plurality of spaced, longitudinally extending slots 27 which extend through the hubs 18 at a plurality of circumferentially spaced points.
The extended surface elements are secured to the tubular members by electric resistance seam welding the hubs 18 of the elements to the tubular members, with the hub of one element in contact with the flange of the next adjacent element as shown in Fig. 3, so that the hubs will provide a covering for each tubular member to shield it from contact with the fluid flowing over the tubular members and the extended surface elements thereon. The major portions of the hubs preferably will be seam welded to the tubular member.
The function of the slots 27 in the hub 18 will be understood from a consideration of Fig. 3, wherein the seam Welding electrode wheels are designated 25 and 26. Due to the pressure of the electrode wheels and to the necessity for clearance between the tubular member 16 and the hub 18 of the extended surface element, at the beginning of and in the early stages of the welding operation, the hub 18 will be forced into an elliptical shape as indicated in Fig. 3, with air gaps between the tube and the hub in the areas between the welded areas. Moreover, substantially throughout the welding operation, the hub will be heated to a higher temperature than the tube, resulting in an expansion of the hub and an increase in its circumference as well as an increase in the air gaps. As the welding proceeds, the circumference of the hub will increase further, due to the plasticity assumed by the metal of the hub. The net result is to cause a shearing stress to be set up between the hub and the tube at the Weld which may actually cause the weld to be partially broken as fast as it is made. The slots 27 provide spaces into which the expanding metal can be forced during welding and they also provide areas of local weakness in the hub so that the metal of the hub can be forced against the tube without deformation of adjacent parts of the hub. Thus the magnitude of the shearing stress is reduced with the result that the hub will tend to keep its original circular shape and the weld will be good. Hubs 18 of extended surface members 17 may be spot Welded to tubular members 16 if so desired. When spot welding the hubs 18 to tubular members 16, slots 27 provide spaces into which the expanding metal is forced during welding, the slots being of such width that they are closed by such expansion and thereby shield said peripheral surface of the tubular member from contact with fluid flowing over the tubular members and the extended surface elements thereon.
The form of the invention disclosed herein is to be considered as a preferred embodiment, and the invention is not to be limited excepting by the scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. In a heat exchange device comprising a tubular memher, a metallic hub adapted to be mounted on and welded to the tubular member, and heat conducting means integral with and in heat exchange relationship with the hub, said heat-conducting means projecting outwardly from the hub, the hub prior to said welding having a plurality of slots therethrough circumferentially spaced from one another around the periphery of the hub and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the hub, the number and length of said slots being such as to provide areas of local weakness in the hub and the Width and shape of the slots being such that they are closed when the hub expands during welding and remain closed thereafter, thereby shielding the peripheral surface of the tubular member.
2. In a heat exchange device comprising a tubular member, a metallic hub adapted to be mounted on and welded to the tubular member, and a plurality of projections of heat conducting material integral with and in heat exchange relationship with the hub, said heat-conducting means projecting outwardly from the hub, the hub prior to said Welding having a plurality of slots therethrough circumferentially spaced from one another around the periphery of the hub and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the hub, the number and length of said slots being such as to provide areas of local weakness in the hub and the Width and shape of the slots being such that they are closed when the hub expands during welding and remain closed thereafter, thereby shielding the peripheral surface of the tubular member.
3. In a heat exchange device comprising a tubular member, a metallic hub adapted to be mounted on and Welded to the tubular member, and a plurality of projections integral with and projecting outwardly from the hub, the hub prior to said welding having a plurality of slots therethrough circumferentially spaced from one another around the periphery of the hub and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the hub, the number and length of said slots being such as to provide areas of local weakness in the hub and the width and shape of the slots being such that they are closed when the hub expands during welding and remain closed thereafter, thereby shielding the peripheral surface of the tubular member.
4. In a heat exchange device comprising :a tubular member, a metallic 'hub adapted to be mounted on the tubular having a plurality of elongated slots therethrough circumferentially spaced from one another around the periphery of the hub and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the hub, the opposite sides thereof being parallel, the
number and length of said slots being such as to provide areas of local Weakness in the hub and the width of the slots being such that they are closed when the hub expands during Welding and remain closed thereafter, thereby shielding the peripheral surface of the tubular member.
5. In a heat exchange device comprising a tubular memher, a metallic hub adapted to be mounted on and Welded to the tubular member, heat conducting means integral with the hub and extending outwardly from and in a direction normal to the axis of the hub, the hub prior to said Welding having elongated slots therethrough circumferentially spaced from one another around the periphery of the hub and extending substantially parallel to the axis of the hub, the opposite sides thereof being parallel, the number and length of said slots being such as to provide areas of local weakness in the hub and the width of the slots being such that they are closed when the hub expands during welding and remain closed thereafter, thereby shielding the peripheral surface of the tubular member.
6. In a heat exchange device comprising a tubular member, a metallic hub adapted to be mounted on and welded to the tubular member, and heat conducting means integral with and in heat exchange relationship with the hub, said heat-conducting means projecting outwardly from the hub, the hub prior to said Welding having a plurality of elongated slots therethrough extending axially of the hub, said slots being circumferentially spaced from one another around the periphery of the hub, the opposite sides of the slots being parallel to one another and to the longitudinal axis of the tubular member, the number and length of said slots being such as to provide areas of local weakness in the hub and the Width and shape of the slots being such that they are closed when the hub expands during welding and remain closed thereafter, thereby shielding the peripheral surface of the tubular member.
References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Re. 19,751 Deming Nov. 12, 1935 1,694,395 Price Dec. 11, 1928 2,089,340 Cobb Hg. 10, 1937 2,204,332 Trent June 11, 1940 2,216,778 Houdry Oct. 8, 1940 2,226,291 Wall Dec. 24, 1940 2,261,136 Brown, Jr. Nov. 4, 1941 FOREIGN PATENTS 7,242 Great Britain of 1885 331,392 Great Britain July 3, 1930 502,579 Great Britain Mar. 21, 1939 869,303 France Nov. 7, 1941
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Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195628A (en) * 1961-11-21 1965-07-20 Int Electronic Res Corp Transistor convection cooler
US3305013A (en) * 1963-11-01 1967-02-21 Webasto Werk Baier Kg W Heat radiator
US3877128A (en) * 1969-01-21 1975-04-15 Airco Inc Method of producing a finned tube heat exchanger
US3907340A (en) * 1974-04-08 1975-09-23 Forney International Flange-boiler insulation cover attachment
US3960325A (en) * 1975-03-24 1976-06-01 Roofmaster Inc. Portable heating and spraying apparatus and method for applying highly viscous coating material
US4010796A (en) * 1971-11-26 1977-03-08 Reactor Centrum Nederland Lattice, composed of strips with connecting brackets positioned in between
US4192052A (en) * 1976-02-23 1980-03-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method for bonding a heat exchanger fin to a tube
FR2455261A1 (en) * 1979-04-27 1980-11-21 Du Pont Heat exchanger fin to tube bonding method - using contacting surfaces of tube and/or fins having cladding of relatively low melting temp. brazing material to create joint
AT386073B (en) * 1985-10-03 1988-06-27 Austria Metall Finned (fin-tube) heat exchanger or heater
US4825813A (en) * 1986-01-31 1989-05-02 Miura Co., Ltd. Multi-pipe once-through type boiler
US4831828A (en) * 1987-05-27 1989-05-23 Helix Technology Corporation Cryogenic refrigerator having a convection system to cool a hermetic compressor
US5117905A (en) * 1987-08-29 1992-06-02 Sueddeutsche Kuehlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Heat exchanger with fins
US5381859A (en) * 1990-11-09 1995-01-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Heat sink and the producing method thereof
US5582246A (en) * 1995-02-17 1996-12-10 Heat Pipe Technology, Inc. Finned tube heat exchanger with secondary star fins and method for its production
US5778973A (en) * 1996-06-04 1998-07-14 Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd. Cooling apparatus having a spirally wound conductive pipe
US6009936A (en) * 1997-04-17 2000-01-04 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Heat exchanger
US6215239B1 (en) * 1998-09-11 2001-04-10 U.S. Philips Corporation CRT deflection unit having a cooling fin
US20020084062A1 (en) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-04 Chen Yun Lung Heat sink assembly
US20040111886A1 (en) * 2002-02-21 2004-06-17 Wenger Todd Michael Fin with elongated hole and heat pipe with elongated cross section
US20040112065A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2004-06-17 Huaiyu Pan Pulse tube refrigerator
US20050072562A1 (en) * 2003-10-02 2005-04-07 Hall Peter David Heat exchanger tube assembly
US20050155750A1 (en) * 2004-01-20 2005-07-21 Mitchell Paul L. Brazed plate fin heat exchanger
US7402612B2 (en) 2002-10-16 2008-07-22 Conocophillips Company Stabilized transition alumina catalyst support from boehmite and catalysts made therefrom
US8985194B2 (en) * 2010-08-05 2015-03-24 Asia Vital Components Co., Ltd. Radiating fin, thermal module formed with the same, and method of manufacturing the same

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1694395A (en) * 1923-06-16 1928-12-11 Griscomrussell Company Air cooler
GB331392A (en) * 1929-07-04 1930-07-03 Matt Payne Improvements in or relating to heat exchanging apparatus
USRE19751E (en) * 1935-11-12 Circumferential pipe welding
US2089340A (en) * 1932-01-19 1937-08-10 Moore Dry Kiln Co Extended fin surface for conduits
GB502579A (en) * 1937-11-01 1939-03-21 Radiation Ltd Improvements relating to gas heated radiating bodies
US2204332A (en) * 1937-04-05 1940-06-11 Harold E Trent Vane type heater
US2216778A (en) * 1937-07-23 1940-10-08 Houdry Process Corp Heat exchange member and method of making
US2226291A (en) * 1939-07-28 1940-12-24 Gen Electric Heat exchanger
US2261136A (en) * 1938-11-14 1941-11-04 Brown Fintube Co Heat exchange conductor
FR869303A (en) * 1940-09-28 1942-01-29 Method for fixing the fins on the tubes of the heat exchangers

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE19751E (en) * 1935-11-12 Circumferential pipe welding
US1694395A (en) * 1923-06-16 1928-12-11 Griscomrussell Company Air cooler
GB331392A (en) * 1929-07-04 1930-07-03 Matt Payne Improvements in or relating to heat exchanging apparatus
US2089340A (en) * 1932-01-19 1937-08-10 Moore Dry Kiln Co Extended fin surface for conduits
US2204332A (en) * 1937-04-05 1940-06-11 Harold E Trent Vane type heater
US2216778A (en) * 1937-07-23 1940-10-08 Houdry Process Corp Heat exchange member and method of making
GB502579A (en) * 1937-11-01 1939-03-21 Radiation Ltd Improvements relating to gas heated radiating bodies
US2261136A (en) * 1938-11-14 1941-11-04 Brown Fintube Co Heat exchange conductor
US2226291A (en) * 1939-07-28 1940-12-24 Gen Electric Heat exchanger
FR869303A (en) * 1940-09-28 1942-01-29 Method for fixing the fins on the tubes of the heat exchangers

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195628A (en) * 1961-11-21 1965-07-20 Int Electronic Res Corp Transistor convection cooler
US3305013A (en) * 1963-11-01 1967-02-21 Webasto Werk Baier Kg W Heat radiator
US3877128A (en) * 1969-01-21 1975-04-15 Airco Inc Method of producing a finned tube heat exchanger
US4010796A (en) * 1971-11-26 1977-03-08 Reactor Centrum Nederland Lattice, composed of strips with connecting brackets positioned in between
US3907340A (en) * 1974-04-08 1975-09-23 Forney International Flange-boiler insulation cover attachment
US3960325A (en) * 1975-03-24 1976-06-01 Roofmaster Inc. Portable heating and spraying apparatus and method for applying highly viscous coating material
US4192052A (en) * 1976-02-23 1980-03-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Method for bonding a heat exchanger fin to a tube
FR2455261A1 (en) * 1979-04-27 1980-11-21 Du Pont Heat exchanger fin to tube bonding method - using contacting surfaces of tube and/or fins having cladding of relatively low melting temp. brazing material to create joint
AT386073B (en) * 1985-10-03 1988-06-27 Austria Metall Finned (fin-tube) heat exchanger or heater
US4825813A (en) * 1986-01-31 1989-05-02 Miura Co., Ltd. Multi-pipe once-through type boiler
US4831828A (en) * 1987-05-27 1989-05-23 Helix Technology Corporation Cryogenic refrigerator having a convection system to cool a hermetic compressor
US5117905A (en) * 1987-08-29 1992-06-02 Sueddeutsche Kuehlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Heat exchanger with fins
US5381859A (en) * 1990-11-09 1995-01-17 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Heat sink and the producing method thereof
US5582246A (en) * 1995-02-17 1996-12-10 Heat Pipe Technology, Inc. Finned tube heat exchanger with secondary star fins and method for its production
US5778973A (en) * 1996-06-04 1998-07-14 Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd. Cooling apparatus having a spirally wound conductive pipe
US6009936A (en) * 1997-04-17 2000-01-04 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Heat exchanger
US6215239B1 (en) * 1998-09-11 2001-04-10 U.S. Philips Corporation CRT deflection unit having a cooling fin
US7121327B2 (en) * 2000-12-28 2006-10-17 Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. Heat sink assembly
US20020084062A1 (en) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-04 Chen Yun Lung Heat sink assembly
US20040111886A1 (en) * 2002-02-21 2004-06-17 Wenger Todd Michael Fin with elongated hole and heat pipe with elongated cross section
US20040112570A1 (en) * 2002-02-21 2004-06-17 Wenger Todd Michael Fin with elongated hole and heat pipe with elongated cross section
US6802362B2 (en) * 2002-02-21 2004-10-12 Thermal Corp. Fin with elongated hole and heat pipe with elongated cross section
US7402612B2 (en) 2002-10-16 2008-07-22 Conocophillips Company Stabilized transition alumina catalyst support from boehmite and catalysts made therefrom
US20040112065A1 (en) * 2002-11-07 2004-06-17 Huaiyu Pan Pulse tube refrigerator
US7131276B2 (en) * 2002-11-07 2006-11-07 Oxford Magnet Technologies Ltd. Pulse tube refrigerator
US20050072562A1 (en) * 2003-10-02 2005-04-07 Hall Peter David Heat exchanger tube assembly
US20050155750A1 (en) * 2004-01-20 2005-07-21 Mitchell Paul L. Brazed plate fin heat exchanger
US20070163767A1 (en) * 2004-01-20 2007-07-19 Mitchell Paul L Brazed plate fin heat exchanger
EP1714100B1 (en) * 2004-01-20 2012-05-02 Luvata Grenada LLC Method of forming a brazed plate fin heat exchanger
US8985194B2 (en) * 2010-08-05 2015-03-24 Asia Vital Components Co., Ltd. Radiating fin, thermal module formed with the same, and method of manufacturing the same

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