US2728880A - Electrical relays - Google Patents

Electrical relays Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2728880A
US2728880A US435853A US43585354A US2728880A US 2728880 A US2728880 A US 2728880A US 435853 A US435853 A US 435853A US 43585354 A US43585354 A US 43585354A US 2728880 A US2728880 A US 2728880A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
core
operating
flux
polarizing
armature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US435853A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Harry E Ashworth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Westinghouse Air Brake Co
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Air Brake Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE536832D priority Critical patent/BE536832A/xx
Application filed by Westinghouse Air Brake Co filed Critical Westinghouse Air Brake Co
Priority to US435853A priority patent/US2728880A/en
Priority to FR1128458D priority patent/FR1128458A/fr
Priority to GB15369/55A priority patent/GB769778A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2728880A publication Critical patent/US2728880A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
    • H01H50/42—Auxiliary magnetic circuits, e.g. for maintaining armature in, or returning armature to, position of rest, for damping or accelerating movement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2236—Polarised relays comprising pivotable armature, pivoting at extremity or bending point of armature

Definitions

  • the armature of the relay In biased neutral relays, the armature of the relay is gravity biased and picked up only when the operating flu'x due to the energization of the operating windings of the relay is of a particular polarity.
  • a source of polarizing flux usually a permanent magnet, is provided for this type of a relay to hold down the armature of the relay.
  • the magnetic arrangement of the relay is such that, when the relay is energized by a current of reverse polarity, the reverse operating flux of the windings and the polarizing flux have an additive effect in holding the armature down.
  • relays of this type when mounted in exposed areas may be operated upon reverse energization of the operating windings due to dirt or other foreign particles lodging between the armature and the hold-down pole pieces with which such relays are provided.
  • the armature is held in spaced relation with respect to the hold-down pole pieces by the lodged particle so that the polarizing flux is ineffective in holding the armature in its biased position.
  • the armature if free to move, may thus be picked up upon reverse energization of the operating windings of the relay.
  • the possible operation of prior art relays upon reverse energization of the operating windings also led to certain difiiculties in installing and testing the relays.
  • Such relays if inadvertently turned over in handling, held their armatures picked up after the relays were righted. Improper circuits would thus be completed over the closed front contacts of such relays.
  • a further object of my invention is to provide, in a relay of the character indicated, auxiliary sources of polarizing flux to insure the proper operation of the relay regardless of the position in or to which the armature may be moved.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide, in a relay of the character indicated, a magnetic structure which will protect the auxiliary sources of polarizing flux from demagnetization should the operating coils of the relay be subjected to heavy current surges.
  • a biased neutral relay having main pole pieces on the depending ends of the two operating winding cores and hold-down pole pieces spaced from the main pole pieces between which two sets of pole pieces the armature may move, is provided in addition to the permanent magnets associated with the pole pieces, with auxiliary permanent magnets magnetically connected with the operating winding cores by magnetizable extensions.
  • the auxiliary permanent magnets are parallel with the relay cores and so disposed that the polarizing flux through each of the cores of the relay is of opposite polarity.
  • the armature' is held down against the hold-down pole pieces by the polarizing flux due to the permanent magnets associated with the two sets of pole pieces of the relay.
  • the magnetic structure is such that operating flux due to energization of the operating windings will, if of one polarity, aid the polarizing flux of the hold-down magnets to hold down the armature, whereas operating flux of opposite polarity will pick up the armature.
  • auxiliary permanent magnets magnetically secured to the relay cores
  • the polarizing flux due to these magnets will thread the magnetic extension pieces and the cores when the operating windings are deenergized, so that none of the polarizing flux crating and polarizing fluxes aid in picking up the armapolarizing flux of the auxiliary magnets will be of opposite polarity, so that very little or no flux is available at the main pole pieces to pick up the armature.
  • a reverse energization of the operating windings many times the usual magnitude will not pick up the armature.
  • Fig. l is an isometric schematic view of the magnetic structure of my novel relay, while Fig. 2 is a front elevational view of the relay structure.
  • the reference character 1 designates a relay embodying my invention.
  • the relay 1 comprises two parallel magnetizable cores 2 and 3 supported on a suitable base or frame 4 of insulating material.
  • the base 4 is formed with suitable openings 5 through which the lower ends of the cores extend.
  • the lower ends of the cores 2 and'3 terminate in pole pieces 6 and 7,"'resp'ectively, which will hereinafter be referred to as the main pole pieces.
  • the main pole pieces 6 and 7 are provided with pole faces 8 ,and 9,
  • each of'the cores 2 and 3 in a suitable manne'r' is a pair of parallel, rearwardly extending magnetizable extensions 10a, 10b and 11a, 1112, respectively; each of the extensions being spaced apart on their respective cores. Wound about each of the cores 2 and 3 between the magnetizable extensions are operating coils or windings 12 and 13, respectively, the coils being series connected.
  • the permanent magnets are formed with slightly protruding pole faces which abut their respective shunts 14 and 15 and which are in line with their respective magnetizable extensions.
  • the poles of each of the magnets have been arbitrarily designated north and south poles'as indicated by the legends N and S appearing in the drawings.
  • the upper magnetizable extensions 10b and 11b havesecured thereto, as by magnetizable screws 18, abackstrap 19 of mag- 'a vzsasso netizable material, the backstrap bridging the two extensions at their front ends and the cores 2 and' 3.
  • the pole pieces 6 and 7 of the cores 2 and 3 have secured thereto as.- at their outer edges, two L-shaped pole pieces 20 and 21 and small, hold-down permanent magnets 22. and 23,. respectiveiy.
  • Thesmall permanent magnets 22 and 23 are magnetized across their width,- the poles of the. magnets beingarbitrari-ly designated by the letters 'N" and S inthe. drawings.
  • the L-shaped pole. piecesv and the permanent magnets are secured by magnetizable screws 24 so that the. hold-down magnets are interposed between pole. pieces 6 and7 and the. vertical or. upright arms 20a: and 21a of. the. pole pieces 2.0- and respectively; the horizontal arms. 20bv and: 21b oi the pole pieces, extending inwardly and toward.
  • the Lrshaped pole pieces which: will hereinafter be. referred to as the auxiliary or hold-down pole pieces 20 and 2.1.,v are so constructed and. secured that the horizontal. arms 20!) and 21b thereof are. spacedv from the pole faces 81 and. 9 provided on; to leave, any air gap therebetween.
  • the armature. 26 is pivoted.- adjacentits rear edge, the armature extending; into the air gaps provided between the auxiliary pole, pieces 20 and. 21 and the. main pole pieces 6 and. 7f; the extending end of the armature being provided with the usual core. pins. 26:; to prevent. sticking.
  • the. relay armature 26 With no energizing. current. flowing. through. the operating, windings 12 and. 13,. the. relay armature 26 will be held down against the hold-down pole pieces 2% and 21b by the polarizing, flux. of the small. permanent magnets 22. and 23 which. threads. through the pole piece 20, the armaturev 26,. the pole. piece- 21, the. core 3, backstrap 19 and through core. 2.
  • the polarizing flux due: to the auxiliary magnets 16 and 17 does not influence the armatnre. 26 when no. energizing. current is flowing through the operating. windings ot the relay'dne to the closed. magnetic path provided for these magnets.
  • the polarizing flux of the magnet 17 may be. traced from.
  • polarizing flux due to the auxiliary windings combine at the pole pieces 7 and 6. to pick up the armature 26.
  • the path of the combined fluxes may be traced from the pole. piece 7 across the air gap between the pole face 9 and; the. right-hand end of. the armature, through the, armature from right. to left, across the air gap between the. left-hand end of the annature to the pole face 8, through the main pole piece 6,. upwardly" through the core'2; through the backstrap 19, through the backstrap- 19 from left to right and then downwardlythrough the core 3'.
  • the armature 26 is' thus picked up to open its back contacts and close its front contacts (notshown);
  • the lower end of the core 3 will be a south pole While the lower end of the core 2' will he a north pole.
  • the lower magnetizable extensions 11a and 10a due to the auxiliary magnets 17 and 16 will be of north and south polarity, respectively.
  • the lower ends of the cores and their corresponding lower extensions being of opposite polarity will tend to confine the operating and polarizing fiuxes to the to; a.
  • theopera-ting flux"di1e'-' tothe energized windings will thread upwardly through the core 3' and downwardly-through the local closed circuit comprising the core, the upper and lower extensions, and the auxiliary magnet so that no operating flux or auxiliary polarizing flux threads through the armature 26.
  • the opening flux due to the energization of the operating windings by a current of opposite polarity is ineffective in picking up the armature of the relay.
  • the polarizing flux of these magnets confines for the greater part, the reverse operating, flux to the closed magnetic path formed by the operating. Winding cores, the magnetizable extensions and the auxiliary magnets. The reverse polarizing flux, even though.
  • a further advantage incorporated in the describe-d relay structure is. the addition of the soft iron shunts 14' and. 15 for the auxiliary. magnets 16 and 1-7. These shunts act as keepers and provide amagnetic shunt path forprotecting the auxiliary magnets irom demagnetizattion. should: the operating windings of the relay be over energized as by a lightning surge.
  • magnets 22 and 23 to the main pole pieces 6 and 7 also serve as shunts to prevent demagnetization of the hold-down magnets, the screws forming a low eluctance path between the main pole pieces and the holddown pole pieces for the flux resulting from the overenergization of the operating. windin gs.
  • An electrical relay comprising two spacedmagnetizableloops each. having a source of polarizing flux and a source of reversible operating flux, the polarizing fluxes in said loops being of opposite polarities; a magnetizable backstrap-interconnectingsaid. loops, a first pole piece for each. of said. loops; a. second pole; piece spaced. from each of said first pole pieces, each of said second.
  • pole pieces being interconnectedto its respective first pole piece by a source of polarizing flux; and an armature pivotally mounted for movement in the air gaps between the first and second pole pieces, the polarizing fluxes of the pole piece sources holding said armature against the second pole pieces, the operating fluxes when of the same polarities as the polarizing fluxes at the first pole pieces moving said armature against said first pole pieces, the operating fluxes when of opposite polarities to the polarizing fluxes at the first pole pieces being ineffective to move said armature against said first pole pieces.
  • An electrical relay comprising two spaced magnetizable loops each having a source of polarizing flux and a source of reversible operating flux, the polarizing fluxes in said loops being of opposite polarities; a magnetizable backstrap interconnecting said loops, at first pole piece for each of said loops; a second pole piece spaced from each of said first pole pieces, each of said second pole pieces being interconnected to its respective first pole piece by a source of polarizing flux; and an armature pivotally mounted for movement in the air gaps between the first and second pole pieces, the polarizing fluxes of the pole piece sources holding said armature against the second pole pieces, the operating fluxes when of the same polarities as the polarizing fluxes at the first pole pieces moving said armature against said first pole pieces, the operating fluxes when of opposite polarities to the polarizing fluxes at the first pole pieces being ineffective to move said armature against said first pole pieces, a portion of the reverse operating flux of each loop aiding
  • An electrical relay comprising two spaced magnetizable cores interconnected at one end by a magnetizable backstrap and each provided at its other end with a pole piece, an operating winding on each core, means for supplying both of said windings with energizing current of one polarity or the other, an auxiliary pole piece for each core pole piece spaced therefrom and magnetically interconnected therewith by a source.
  • polarizing flux a magnetizable armature pivotally mounted for movement in the air gaps between the core and auxiliary pole pieces, the polarity of the polarizing fluxes of the pole piece interconnecting sources being such to hold said armature against the auxiliary pole pieces, the operating fluxes due to the energization of said windings by a current of one polarity moving said armature against the core pole pieces; a source of polarizing flux for each of said cores, the polarizing flux at each core pole piece having the same polarity as the operating flux when the windings are energized by a current of the one polarity, the polarizing flux at each core pole piece having an opposite polarity to the operating flux when the windings are energized by a current of opposite polarity, the reverse operating flux being ineifective to move said armature against said core pole pieces.
  • An electrical relay comprising two spaced magnetizable cores interconnected at one end by a magnetizable backstrap and each provided at its other end with a pole piece, an operating winding on each core, means for supplying both of said windings with energizing current of one polarity or the other, an auxiliary pole piece for each core pole piece spaced therefrom and magnetically interconnected therewith by a source of polarizing flux, a magnetizable armature pivotally mounted for movement in the air gaps between the core and auxiliary pole pieces, the polarity of the polarizing fluxes of the pole piece interconnecting sources being such to hold said armature against the auxiliary pole pieces, the operating fluxes due to the energization of said windings by a current of one polarity moving said armature against the core pole pieces; a source of polarizing flux for each of said cores, the polarizing flux at each core pole piece having the same polarity as the operating flux when the windings are energized by a
  • An electrical relay comprising two spaced magnetizable cores interconnected at one end by a magnetizable backstrap and each provided at its other end with a pole piece, an operating winding on each core, means for supplying both of said windings with energizing current of one polarity or the other, an auxiliary pole piece for each core pole piece and spaced therefrom, a permanent magnet magnetically interconnecting each core pole piece and its associated auxiliary pole piece, a magnetizable armature pivotally mounted for movement in the air gaps between the core and auxiliary pole pieces, the polarity of the polarizing fluxes of the pole piece interconnecting magnets being such to hold said armature against the auxiliary pole pieces, the operating fluxes due to the energization of said windings by a current of one polarity moving said armature against the core pole pieces; a permanent magnet magnetically associated with each core, the polarizing flux at each core pole piece having the same polarity as the operating flux when the windings are energized
  • An electrical relay comprising two closed magnetizable loops interconnected by a magnetizable backstrap; each of said loops including a core, two spaced parallel extensions interconnected at one end by the core and at the other end by a source of polarizing flux, an operating winding on said core, and a pole piece at one end of said core; an auxiliary pole piece spaced from each core pole piece, a source of polarizing flux for each auxiliary pole piece interconnecting the auxiliary pole piece and its associated core pole piece, a magnetizable armature pivotally mounted to be moved in the air gaps between the core and auxiliary pole pieces, and means for supplying an energizing current of one polarity or the other to both operating windings; the polarities of the polarizing fluxes of the pole piece sources being such to hold the armature against the auxiliary pole pieces when no energizing current flows through the operating windings, the operating flux due to energizing current of one polarity through the windings and having the same
  • An electrical relay comprising two closed magnetizable loops interconnected by a magnetizable backstrap; each of said loops including a core, two spaced parallel extensions interconnected at one end by the core and at the other end by a source of polarizing flux, an operating winding on said core, and a pole piece at one end of said core; an auxiliary pole piece spaced from each core pole piece, a source of polarizing flux for each auxiliary pole piece interconnecting the auxiliary pole piece and its associated core pole piece, a magnetizable armature pivotally mounted to be moved in the air gaps between the core and auxiliary pole pieces, and means for supplying an energizing current of one polarity or the other to both operating windings; the polarities of the polarizing fluxes of the pole piece sources being such to hold the armature against the auxiliary pole pieces when no energizing current flows through the operating windings, the operating flux due to energizing current of one polarity through the windings and having the same
  • An electrical relay comprising two closed magnetizable loops interconnected by a magnetizable baci strap; each of said loops including a core, two extensions interconnected atone end by the core and at the other end, by a source of polarizing flux, the polarizing flux in each loop being, of opposite polarity, an operating winding on said core, and, a pole piece at one end of said core; an auxiliary pole piece spaced from each core pole piece; a source of polarizing. flux for each auxiliary pole piece magnetically interconnecting the, auxiliary pole piece audits associated corepole piece,
  • An electrical relay comprising two closed mag netizable loops interconnected by a magnetizahie backstrap; each of said loops including a core, two spaced parallel extensions interconnected at one end by the core and at the other end by a shunt and a permanent magnet, the polarizing flux otthe permanent magnet in each loop being of opposite polarity, an operating winding on said core between said extensions, and a pole piece at one end of said core; an auxiliary pole piece spaced from each core pole piece, a permanent magnet magnetically interconnecting each auxiliary pole piece and its associated core pole piece, a gravity biased niagnetizable armature pivotally mounted to be moved in the air gaps between the: core and auxiliary pole pieces, and means for supplying an energizing current of one polarity or the other to both operating windings; the polarities of the polarizing fluxes of the pole piece magnets being such to hold the armature against the auxiliary pole pieces when no energizing current flows through the operating wind
  • An electrical relay comprising two closed magnetizable loops interconnected by a magnetizable backstrap; each of said loops including a core, two spaced parallel extensions interconnected at one end by the core and at the other end by a shunt and a permanent magnet, the polarizing flux of the permanent magnet in each loop being of opposite polarity, an operating winding on said core between said extensions, and a pole piece at one cndzof said core; an auxiliary pole piece spaced from each core pole piece, a permanent magnet magnetically interconnecting each auxiliary pole piece and its associated core pole piece, a gravity biased magnetizable armature pivotally mounted to be moved in the air gaps between the core and auxiliary pole pieces, and means for supplying an energizing current of one polarity or the other to both operating windings; the polarities of the polarizing fluxes of the pole piece mag-- nets being such to hold the armature against the auxiliary pole pieces when no energizing current flows through the operating windings, the

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
US435853A 1954-06-10 1954-06-10 Electrical relays Expired - Lifetime US2728880A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE536832D BE536832A (fr) 1954-06-10
US435853A US2728880A (en) 1954-06-10 1954-06-10 Electrical relays
FR1128458D FR1128458A (fr) 1954-06-10 1955-03-25 Relais électrique
GB15369/55A GB769778A (en) 1954-06-10 1955-05-27 Polarized electro magnetic relays

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US435853A US2728880A (en) 1954-06-10 1954-06-10 Electrical relays

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2728880A true US2728880A (en) 1955-12-27

Family

ID=23730086

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US435853A Expired - Lifetime US2728880A (en) 1954-06-10 1954-06-10 Electrical relays

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2728880A (fr)
BE (1) BE536832A (fr)
FR (1) FR1128458A (fr)
GB (1) GB769778A (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3284745A (en) * 1964-01-11 1966-11-08 Int Standard Electric Corp Cylindrical electro-magnet
US3518592A (en) * 1967-04-27 1970-06-30 Siemens Ag Holding relay with operating characteristics which remain constant with fluctuations of temperature
US5867081A (en) * 1996-11-20 1999-02-02 Chauvin Arnoux Bistable electromagnetic relay arrangement
US20120242430A1 (en) * 2010-08-17 2012-09-27 Wu Sung Jen Relay with multiple coils
EP3001440A1 (fr) * 2014-09-29 2016-03-30 LSIS Co., Ltd. Relais a courant continu
US9524818B2 (en) * 2011-03-30 2016-12-20 Buerkert Werke Gmbh Lifting armature actuator
CN111146044A (zh) * 2020-01-02 2020-05-12 上海沪工汽车电器有限公司 高压继电器陶瓷封闭腔结构、高压继电器及其工作方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4581597A (en) * 1984-01-13 1986-04-08 Figgie International Inc. Electromagnetic actuator

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1792318A (en) * 1929-10-29 1931-02-10 Union Switch & Signal Co Electromagnetic apparatus
US2203888A (en) * 1938-03-05 1940-06-11 Union Switch & Signal Co Electrical relay

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1792318A (en) * 1929-10-29 1931-02-10 Union Switch & Signal Co Electromagnetic apparatus
US2203888A (en) * 1938-03-05 1940-06-11 Union Switch & Signal Co Electrical relay

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3284745A (en) * 1964-01-11 1966-11-08 Int Standard Electric Corp Cylindrical electro-magnet
US3518592A (en) * 1967-04-27 1970-06-30 Siemens Ag Holding relay with operating characteristics which remain constant with fluctuations of temperature
US5867081A (en) * 1996-11-20 1999-02-02 Chauvin Arnoux Bistable electromagnetic relay arrangement
US20120242430A1 (en) * 2010-08-17 2012-09-27 Wu Sung Jen Relay with multiple coils
US8508321B2 (en) * 2010-08-17 2013-08-13 Song Chuan Precision Co., Ltd. Relay with multiple coils
US9524818B2 (en) * 2011-03-30 2016-12-20 Buerkert Werke Gmbh Lifting armature actuator
EP3001440A1 (fr) * 2014-09-29 2016-03-30 LSIS Co., Ltd. Relais a courant continu
US9543099B2 (en) 2014-09-29 2017-01-10 Lsis Co., Ltd. Direct current relay
CN111146044A (zh) * 2020-01-02 2020-05-12 上海沪工汽车电器有限公司 高压继电器陶瓷封闭腔结构、高压继电器及其工作方法
CN111146044B (zh) * 2020-01-02 2021-09-07 上海沪工汽车电器有限公司 高压继电器陶瓷封闭腔结构、高压继电器及其工作方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE536832A (fr)
GB769778A (en) 1957-03-13
FR1128458A (fr) 1957-01-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2728880A (en) Electrical relays
GB1195629A (en) Magnetically Held Relay
US1606164A (en) Circuit-controlling device
US2203888A (en) Electrical relay
US1822496A (en) Electrical relay
US2486086A (en) Relay
US2836775A (en) Bus bar relays
US2414583A (en) Polarized electromagnet
US2427719A (en) Polarized direct-current contactor
US2491098A (en) Polar biased relay
GB517000A (en) Improvements relating to electromagnetic relays
US2575812A (en) Electric relay
US2301992A (en) Electrical relay
US2587983A (en) Electromagnetic device operable by alternating current
US2435001A (en) Polarized electromagnetic relay
US2352948A (en) Electromagnetic device
US1918473A (en) Polarized relay
US1699782A (en) Electromagnetic relay
GB708133A (en) Improvements in or relating to devices having a magnetic circuit comprising highly-permeable material
US1959562A (en) Electrical relay
US3533033A (en) Biassed electrical relays
US1809633A (en) Electrical relay
US2270966A (en) Electromagnetic relay
US2166091A (en) Relay
US3160796A (en) Magnetic stick type relay having saturable core member