US2725848A - Roll apparatus for applying volatile paint to articles - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 6, 1955 w, FARRELL ET AL 2,725,848

ROLL APPARATUS FOR APPLYING VOLATILE PAINT TO ARTICLES 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Sept. 115, 1950 w m s m mwwm m mnww m $1 F w n mew Tao MM #0 w J m wvv Dec. 6, 1955 w. o. FARRELL ETAL 2,725,848

ROLL APPARATUS FOR APPLYING VOLATILE PAINT TO ARTICLES Filed Sept. 13, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Snventors.

Gttornegs,

E atented Dec. 6, 1955 ROLL APPARATUS FOR. APPLYING VOLATILE PAINT T0 ARTICLES Waiter 0. Farrell and Homer D. Schnitzius, Indianapolis, Ind, and Gordon A. Ruschman, River Forest, 121., assignors to The Richardson Company; Lockland, Ghic, a corporation of Ohio Application September 13, 1950, Serial No. 184,676 12 Claims. (Cl. 118--2-39) Cur invention relates to. the provision of volatile paints having thermoplastic resins as the binder, and to methods and apparatus for applying volatile paints to' various articles, especially those which have raised or offset. portions which it is desired to paint with a color different than the remainder of the article.

Our invention is of particular importance in the painting of thermoplastic vent plugs and the like employed in storage batteries but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various facets of our invention have a broader range of utility than this. And although for purposes of illustration we shall describe our invention as applied to the solution of the problem of painting thermoplastic vent plugs, it is to be understood that we do not intend to be limited in the application. of our in:- vention except insofar as such limitations are specifically incorporated in the claims.

An object of our invention is to provide a paint which will adhere to articles made of thermoplastic resins with little or no preparation of the surface to which the paint is to be applied.

Another object of our invention is to provide a. paint having abrasion resistance sufiicient to- Withstand normal battery usage and the abrading developed in. positioning tumblers which are employed to assemble the various parts of the vent plugs.

Another object of our invention is to provide a paint which is resistant to acid at the concentration and operating, temperature usually found in storage batteries'and the like.

A further object of our invention is to provide a paintof Figure l, certain of the parts being shown in elevation and certain of the parts being removed,

Figure 4 is a sectional view taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 2,

Figure 5 is a, plan view diagrammatically illustrating a typeof article which maybe painted with our novel paint by our novel process and apparatus, and

Figure 6 is a perspective view diagrammatically showing an article generally similar to that shown in Figure 5 but having somewhat different configuration. 7

One of the particular problems with which we werefaced was that of coloring vent plug caps and battery plaques formed of thermoplastic resin in such manner thatt-he lettering thereon was highlighted in a color different from that with which the main bodyof the part was colored. Parts of this type are often made ofpolystyrene and we shall describe our invention as applied to parts made of this particular thermoplastic resin, but it is to be understood that in its broadestaspect-s, our invention relates to all thermoplastic resins of this general type. We have found thatja paint comprised of a binder consistingof the samethermoplastic resin as that from which the part to bepainted is made, a suitable solvent, a filler and a pigment, can be easily and quickly: applied to the parts as desired, and with good wear character- I istics when used under the conditions generally outlined which may be pigmented in order to meet color demands Without affecting any of the above characteristics.

Still another object of our invention is to produce a paint which is easily applied.

Another object of our invention is to produce a paint of this type which will dry very quickly.

A very important object of'our invention is to provide apparatus by means of which high volatile paint may be quickly and easily applied with a minimum of waste.

Another important object of our invention is to provide a method by means of which high volatile paint can be applied to certain portions of an article without damaging the other portions and with a minimum amount of deterioration occurring in the paint.

These and other objects and advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the art during the course of the following description and from reference to the accompanying drawing in which like numerals are used todesignate like parts throughout the same, and in which:

Figure l is aside elevation, partly diagrammatic, of our novel apparatusfor applying. high volatile paints to various articles, H

Figure .2 isa partial pIan view of the apparatus of Figure l but with certain parts removed in order to show some of the internal mechanism more. clearly,

Figure 3 is a sectional view takenon the line' 33 above.

In the case of those parts wherein the thermoplastic resin of which they are formed is, for example, polystyrene, the paint contains a portion. ofv the polystyrene as inthe part, and a quantity of solvent which softens the surface towhich the paint is to be applied, permitting entry of the paint intothe part itself. In the subsequent flashing 01f of the solvent vapors, the pigment in the paint becomes an integral part of the piece itself.

From the above it is apparent that our paint comprises a binder whichis compatible with the thermoplastic resin of-which the part to be painted is formed, a solvent capable of actingas a vehicle for the binder and pigment and also capable of softening the surface of thepart to which it isapplied, and either a pigment or a filler, or both, depending on the opacity, color and" viscosity desired. lfjthe part to be painted is'formed of polystyrene, the binder may comprise polystyrene granules (these granules are of a common type used for injection melding and are well known to the industry), the solvent may comprise toluene, with carbon tetrachloride added as a diluent for the toluene, the filler may comprise titanium dioxide, either pure or diluted with common mineral or carbonaceous fillers such as kaolinic clay or whiting, and the pigment may comprise one of the mineral types such as chrome yellow or one of the organic types such as phthalocyamine, preferably in dry powder form. Also, other solvents satisfactory for use with thermoplastic resins of the type contemplated comprise: aromatic solvent such as xylene, esters and other types of active solvents.

Because ofits tendency to produce crazing, the carbon tetrachloride should be used as a diluent for the toluene and not as the main vehicle. The titanium dioxide is used for its covering ability to secure the desired opacity in the final. paint. The amount of titanium dioxide used is also determined by the viscosity desired. The polystyrene granules may be used. in a clear state or they may be: of a color similar to the desired finished color in order to reduce the quantity of pigment required. The viscosity and color of the paint can also be governed by the amount of pigment used and in some cases it may be that no pigment as such is used while in other cases it may be that no filler as such is used. In any event, however, there must always be: some filler or some'pigmentpat not-imewould both be absent. j

In general, it may be stated that an operative range I for our paint formula is as follows:

Parts Polystyrene granules 100 Toluene 200-800 Carbon tetrachloride 5 00 Titanium dioxide 0-200 Pigment 0-200 Parts Polystyrene granules 100 Toluene, carbon tetrachloride (equal parts) 333 Titanium dioxide 100 Pigment 15 Apparatus and process for'applying the paint The desired viscosity to permit optimum application may be varied by changing the solvent or the filler con- 7 tent but in any case it is desirable to hold the paint in a closed vessel and provide shielding to the applicating apparatus to maintain a relatively constant solvent content and viscosity.

The general operation of our mechanism and apparatus is as follows. The parts are first placed in a positioning tumbler that exhausts them onto a traveling belt conveyor in the proper position for painting.

.The paint is stored in a closed vessel supplied with a reciprocating plunger with an orifice adjacent to the upper of three rolls. The plunger may be actuated by the same drive that drives the rolls and spews paint onto the top roll. The three rolls are geared together and mounted on a common frame in contact with one another; the top roll may be of aluminum, the center polished steel, and the bottom roll an applicator roll of a glue-glycerin compound or some similar rubber'like substance. The center roll oscillates along its axis slightly by means to a cam mechanism in order to spread the paint evenly over the applicator roll. The belt runs under and beyond the roll assembly. This assembly is adjustable vertically in order to vary the distance between the applicator roll and the belt and thereby accommodate pieces to be painted of difierent thicknesses. Several infra-red lamps are mounted over the belt beyond the roll assembly to provide heat to hasten the release of the solvent vapors and hasten the drying time. The bank of bulbs is of the nature of 500 to 700 watts.

In Figure we have illustrated a vent plug cap made of a thermoplastic resin and having raised portions which diagrammatically represent lettering or other indicia which may be incorporated thereon. The cap is indicated at 10 and the raised portions at 11. Similarly, in Figure 6 we have diagrammatically illustrated a battery plaque 12 having portions 13 which are to be highlighted by a paint of the type described.

As shown in Figure 1, the parts 10 or '12 are carried on a conveyor belt 14 which is passed around a pair of rolls 15 and over a table or platform 16, see also Figure 3. The platform 16 is supported by a pair of angle irons 17 fixed between pairs of legs 18. The rolls 15 are journaled in bearings 19 fixed to the frame or leg members 18.

The shaft 20 to which one of the rolls 15 is fixed is provided with a pulley 21 on which there is placed a belt 22 driven by a suitable motor (not shown). The other end of the shaft 20 is also extended and to this end there is fixed a sprocket 23. This sprocket serves to drive the various gears, cams and rolls which will now be described.

The three rolls by means of which the paint is applied to the parts 10 and which were mentioned above are best shown in Figures 3 and 4. The top roll, which is preferably made of aluminum, is indicated at 24. The center roll, which is preferably made of polished steel, is indicated at 25, and the bottom or applicator roll, which is preferably made of a glue-glycerin compound, is indicated at 26. The rolls 24 and 26 are fixed on shafts 27 and 28 respectively, which shafts are journaled in the pair of side plates 29. In order that the distance between the roll 26 and the belt 14 may be varied to accommodate different size parts 10, the side plates 29 are adjustably secured to the angle members 17. This is best illustrated in Figure l. Adjustment is accom plished by means of the bolts 30 operating in the slots 31 and extending through the angle irons 17.

The center roll 25 is so arranged that it may be adjusted slightly and in order to effect this its shaft 32 is supported in a pair of bearing members 33 mounted on the outside of side plates 29. As viewed in Figure l, the bearing member 33 is adjustably fixed against movement to the right, and against upward movement, by means of the set screws 34 and 35. Downward movement, and movement to the left, however, is permitted by the arrangement of the springs 36 and 37 as controlled by the screws 38 and 39. As seen in Figure 3 the shafts 27, 32 and 28 are interconnected by the gears 40, 41 and 42 and it is to be understood that these gears are so arranged as to permit the slightly adjustment which can be effected by the screws 38 and 39 of the mechanism just described.

The roll 25, in addition to being adjustable in the manner just described, is also arranged to oscillate on its shaft 32. In order to accomplish this, the roll 25 is keyed to the shaft 32 as indicated at 43 in Figure 4. Between one end of the roll 25 and the gear 41 there is positioned a coil spring 44. Fixed to the other end of the roll 25 and slidably mounted on the shaft 32 is a member 45 which is provided with a groove 46. Operating within this groove 46 is a finger 47 which is fixed to one of the side members 29. As the roll 25 is rotated, the finger and groove, and spring 44, serve to cause this roll to re ciprocate axially on the shaft 32.

The shaft 27 of the roll 24 extends through the side members 29 and to the end thereof there is fixed a gear 48. This gear meshes with a gear 49 fixed on a shaft 50 which is journaled in the side members 29, see Figures 1 and 2. Also fixed to the shaft 50 is a sprocket 51. A chain 52 connects the sprockets 23 and 51 and by this means the gears 49 and 48, and consequently the roll assembly 24, 25 and 26, are actuated by that motor which drives the belt 22. The gears 40 and 48 are each fixed to the shaft 27.

Through an intermediate gear 53, the gear 49 is operatively associated with the gear 54. The gear 54 is fixed to a shaft 55 which is journaled in the side walls 29. Fixed to the shaft 55 is a cam 56 which controls the operation of the plunger which ejects paint onto the top roll 24 in a manner now to be described.

Paint control and associated mechanism As is best seen in Figure 4, the paint is stored in a vessel 57 having a closure element 58. This vessel is fixed in a supporting block 59 which is slidably mounted on a shelf 60 fixed between the side walls 29. Depending from the vessel 57 is a spout-like element 61 which ends within a bore 62 provided in the block 59. Slidably mounted within the block 59 and extending through the bore 62 is a reciprocating plunger 63. This plunger will force paint from within the bore 62 to be discharged onto the top roll 24 through an opening 64 which is regulated by a spring 65 fixed to the block 59 as at 66. A stufiing box is provided for the plunger 63, this box comprising the plug 67, bore 68 and stuffing material 69. The spring 65 normally closes the opening 64 so that paint does not exit from the chamber except when it is caused to do so by actuation of the plunger 63 as will be described.

The block 59 is provided with a pair of cars 70 which are engaged by screws 71. Each of the screws 71 (see Figure 2) is anchored in blocks '72 which are fixed to the plate or shelf 60. Consequently, when the screws 71 are actuated, the block 59 is caused to slide on the shelf 60 and thereby approach or move away from the top roll 24 depending on the manner in which the screws 71 are actuated. In this manner the paint discharge opening 64 may be brought to the desired position with respect to the top roll 24. I

The plunger 63 extends through an opening 73 provided in a turned up portion 60a of the shelf 60. A pair of knurled nuts 74 are screwed on to the threaded portion of the plunger 63 and these nuts serve to limit the extent of movement of this plunger. The end of the plunger 63 is pinned to a lever 75 as is best illustrated in Figure 4. An opening 76 in the lever 75 permits this lever to be rocked and the plunger 63 thereby reciprocated.

A spring 77 is fixed at 78 to the lever 75 and at 79 to the shelf 60. This spring tends to maintain the plunger 63 in its position of farthest extent into the paint discharge opening 64. The lever 75 is connected to the block 59 by means of a lever 80 which is pivotally connected to the lever 75 and to the block 59.

The lower end of the lever 75 has positioned therein a set screw 81 which is adjustable. The end 82 of the screw 81 is designed to be maintained in contact with the cam 56 by the spring 77. When the cam 56 is so turned that its cam surface 56a moves the lever 75 in a clockwise direction about its pivot point 83, the plunger 63 is drawn to a position within the bore 62. Upon further rotation of the cam 56, the spring 77 moves the lever 75 in a counterclockwise direction about its pivot 83 with the result that the plunger again moves into the opening 64 and thereby discharges paint onto the top,

roll 24.

By the mechanism above described applicants have provided an arrangement in which the plunger 63 is actuated by the same drive that drives the rolls 24, 25 and 26.

In order to shield the applicating apparatus so as to maintain a relatively constant solvent content and viscosity of the paint during its application, we provide a panel 84 which comprises a pane of glass mounted within slots 85 provided in the side walls 29. The glass panel, of course, enables the operator to observe the action of the applicating roll assembly. Also shielding the rolls is a back panel 86 which is fixed between the side walls 29. The panel 84 and the panel 86 depend to a position just above the conveyor belt 14 as is clearly shown in Figure 4. The upper portion of the chamber formed by the panels 84 and 86 is closed bythe shelf 60, the block 59, a wall member 87 and a top closure member 88 having a flange 89 depending within the slots 85 above the panel 84. A strip 90 may also be provided between the member 88 and the top of the side wall 29. By this construction We have located the closed paint vessel 57 and the roll assembly 24, 25 and 26 within a chamber which is substantially closed except for the bottom of the chamber which is open. We have found this arrangement to be quite successful in maintaining desired viscosities in high volatile paints of the type above described. It is to be understood, however, that while this apparatus is indeed useful in that process by which we apply paints of the type disclosed herein to articles formed of thermoplastic resins, this apparatus undoubtedly has great utility in the application of any paints wherein it is desired to carefully maintain the viscosity of the paint and to prevent undue evaporation of certain of its constituents too soon.

In operation, parts such as or 12 are positioned on the conveyor belt 14 by any suitable means. The conveyor belt is continuously driven by means of a motor which drives the belt 22, shaft 20 and roll 15. The roll assembly 24, 25 and 26 is adjusted by anchoring the side walls 29 to the angle irons 17 at the desired position by the bolts 30 operating within the slots 31 and angle iron 17. The rolls 24, 25 and 26 are driven, bythe same motor which drives the belt 22, through the sprockets 23 and 51 and the chain 52. Rotation of the sprocket 51 and its shaft 50 results in the rolls being driven through gear 49, gear 43, shaft 27, gear 46, gear 41 and gear 42. Also driven bythe sprocket 51 and its shaft 50, through gearing 53 and 54, is the shaft 55 and cam 56. Rotation of the cam 56 results in a rocking movement of the lever 75 and a reciprocation of the. plunger 63 with the result that paint is discharged from the bore 62, which is fed from the closed vessel 57, through the opening 64 on to the top roll 24. Paint from this roll is then transferred to the oscillating, adjustable roll 25 and then spread on to the applicator roll 26. Paint thus evenly distributed on the applicator roll is then rolled onto the raised portions of the parts I0 carried by the conveyor belt 14. Immediately after these parts have been so painted, they pass beneath a battery of infra-red lamps 91 whereby the solvent vapors are released and the paint is dried. These lamps are of the nature of 500 to 700 watts. The parts thus painted are then discharged into receiving means (not shown) located near the end of the assembly 16, 17 and 18.

In order to lend stability to the apparatus above described, a plurality of tie rods 92, see Figures 2 and 4, may be provided between the side walls 29. By our arrangement as herein disclosed and described, we have provided mechanism'which is compact, easily adjusted to meet varying demands and the operating parts of which are driven by common means thus providing excellent synchronization of such parts.

Polystyrene vent caps painted with the described paint by means of our apparatus and method have been tested under various conditions and have been found to be quite satisfactory. For example, such caps were placed in rotating tumbling positions for a period of 30 minutes with no apparent abrading. Also, some of the caps were placed in 1.300 gravity sulphuric acid at F. for 24 hours with no apparent harmful results.

It is to be understood that modifications may be made within the scope and spirit of our invention and although we have shown our invention as embodied in certain specific structure and by way of certain specific examples, we do not intend to be limited by such structure and such examples except insofar as these are specifically set forth in the subjoined claims. Having thus described our invention what we claim as new and what we desire to protect by United. States Letters Patent is:

1. Apparatus for use in applying volatile paints to articles, said apparatus comprising a closed vessel for the paint, a plurality of rolls mounted in a vertical arrangement, means to discharge periodically a small quantity of paint from said vessel onto the uppermost of said rolls, said rolls being arranged to transfer said discharged paint to the lowermost of. said rolls, means to shield said rolls and said discharge means from substantial contact with the atmosphere, conveyor means to pass a succession of said articles beneath said lowermost roll in paint transfer contact therewith, common means to drive said conveyor means and said rolls, and means to eifect said periodic discharge of paint from said closed vessel onto said uppermost roll in timed relation to the movement of said succession of articles passing beneath said lowermost roll.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 including paint drying means located beyond said lowermost roll and said shielding means.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 in which said periodic paint discharge means comprises a member having a paint receiving well supplied with paint from said vessel, a plunger adapted to be reciprocated within said well, said well defining member having a wall provided with an orifice extending therethrough, said plunger normally seating in said orifice, and means to reciprocate said plunger so as to periodically push paint from within said 7 well through said orifice, said last mentioned means being operatively connected to said common means.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 in which thereare three of said rolls, the center roll having means whereby it is oscillated as it is driven.

5. The apparatus of claim 3 in which said rolls are mounted in plates which are movably mounted on frame members provided for said apparatus.

6. Apparatus for use in applying volatile paints to an article, said apparatus comprising a closed vessel for said paint, a plurality of rolls mounted in a vertical arrangement, said vessel being mounted in a member slidable with respect to said rolls, said member having walls defining a paint holding well, a said wall having an orifice therethrough, a plunger mounted for reciprocation in said member through said well and orifice so that paint is pushed from said well through said orifice onto the uppermost of said rolls when said plunger is reciprocated, means to cause said plunger to reciprocate, means to transfer said discharged paint from said uppermost roll to the lowermost of said rolls, means to pass an article under said lowermost roll in paint transfer contact therewith, and means to shield said rolls and the discharge end of the orifice located in said slidable member from substantial contact with the atmosphere.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 in which said shield means comprises a pair of side members in which said rolls are positioned, a front panel extending between said side members and depending in front of said rolls to a position slightly spaced from said article passing means, a shelf between said side members, said slidable member being supported on said shelf, a rear panel extending from said shelf between said side members to a position slightly spaced from said article passing means, and a top cover shield extending from the top of said slidable member to the top of said front panel.

8. Apparatus for applying paint to articles which comprises a frame, a housing supported by said frame, said housing including a pair of plates vertically movable with respect to said frame, a plurality of rolls journaled in said movable plates and disposed vertically within said housing, paint discharge means within said housing, means to actuate said paint discharge means whereby paint is deposited on the uppermost of said plurality of rolls, one of said rolls being mounted on a shaft supported in a pair of bearing members movably mounted on the said plates, and each said plate having rigid means preventing movement of its respective said bearing in one direction and having resilient means urging its said respective bearing member against said rigid means.

9. Apparatus for applying paint to articles which com prises a frame, a housing supported by said frame, a plurality of paint transfer rolls journaled in said housing and vertically disposed therewithin, paint discharge means within said housing, means to actuate said paint discharge means periodically whereby paint is deposited on the uppermost of said plurality of rolls, other rolls mounted in said frame, a conveyor belt driven by said other rolls, said conveyor belt passing beneath said housing, means to drive said other rolls, meshing gears on said paint transfer rolls, and drive means connected between said other rolls and said meshing gears whereby said paint transfer rolls are driven by the means which drive said other rolls, said means for periodically actuating said paint discharge means having an operative connection with the means to drive said other rolls.

a 10. The apparatus of claim- 9 in which said paint discharge means comprises a shelf located within said housing a block on said shelf, said block defining a well and havingan orifice extending therethrough to said well, a paint containing vessel in communication with said well, and a plunger mounted for reciprocation in said block, said plunger normally extending through said Well and seating in said orifice, and in which the means to actuate said paint discharge means comprises a first lever pivotally fixed to said block, a second lever pivotally connected to said first lever and to said plunger, a shaft, a driving connection between said shaft and said meshing gears whereby said shaft is rotated, a cam on said shaft, and means on said second lever engaging said cam, whereby said plunger, said conveyor belt and said paint transfer rolls are driven in timed relation by common means, reciprocation of said plunger resulting in paint being pushed from said well through said orifice onto the uppermost of said paint transfer rolls.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 including means to slide said block on said shelf.

12. Apparatus for applying paint to articles which comprises a frame, a housing supported by said frame, a plurality of paint transfer rolls journaled in said housing and vertically disposed therewithin, paint discharge means within said housing, means to actuate said paint discharge means .whereby paint is deposited on the uppermost of said paint transfer rolls, and means to drive said paint transfer rolls, said paint discharge means comprising a shelf located within said housing, a block on said shelf, said block defining a well and having an orifice extending therethrough to said well, a paint containing vessel in communication with said well, and a plunger mounted for reciprocation in said block, said plunger normally extending through said well and seating in said orifice, and said means to actuate said paint discharge means comprising a first lever pivotally fixed to said block, a second lever pivotally connected to said first lever and to said plunger, a shaft, a driving connection between said shaft and the meansto drive said paint transfer rollers, a cam on said shaft, and means on said second lever engaging said cam, whereby said plunger and said paint transfer rolls are driven in timed relation by common means, reciprocation of said plunger resulting in paint being pushed from said well through said orifice onto the uppermost of said paint transfer rolls.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,375,126 Willwerscheid Apr. 19, 1921 1,405,198 Frothingham et al. Ian. 31, 1922 1,530,292 Bietz Mar. 17, 1925 1,710,953 Sullivan Apr. 30, 1929 2,094,348 Carlson Sept. 28, 1937 2,097,885 Koppe Nov. 2, 1937 2,133,933 Daley Oct. 18, 1938 2,307,591 Kokay Jan. 5, 1943 2,330,300 MacDonald Sept. 28, 1943 2,370,533 Rose Feb. 27, 1945 2,455,890 Fawcett et al. Dec. 7, 1948 2,507,665 Ford May 16, 1950 2,555,536 Faeber June 5, 1951 2,556,262 Faeber June 12, 1951

Claims (1)

1. APPARATUS FOR USE IN APPLYING VOLATILE PAINTS TO ARTICLES, SAID APPARATUS COMPRISING A CLOSED VESSEL FOR THE PAINT, A PLURALITY OF ROLLS MOUNTED IN A VERTICAL ARRANGEMENT, MEANS TO DISCHARGE PERIODICALLY A SMALL QUANTITY OF PAINT FROM SAID VESSEL ONTO THE UPPERMOST OF SAID ROLLS, SAID ROLLS BEING ARRANGED TO TRANSFER SAID DISCHARGED PAINT TO THE LOWERMOST OF SAID ROLLS, MEANS TO SHIELD SAID ROLLS AND SAID DISCHARGE MEANS FROM SUBSTANTIAL CONTACT WITH THE ATMOSPHERE, CONVEYOR MEANS TO PASS A SUCCESSION OF SAID ARTICLES BENEATH SAID LOWERMOST ROLL IN PAINT TRANSFER CONTACT THEREWITH, COMMON MEANS TO DRIVE SAID CONVEYOR MEANS AND SAID ROLLS, AND MEANS TO EFFECT SAID PERIODIC DISCHARGE OF PAINT FROM SAID CLOSED VESSEL ONTO SAID UPPERMOST ROLL IN TIMED RELATION TO THE MOVEMENT OF SAID SUCCESSION OF ARTICLES PASSING BENEATH SAID LOWERMOST ROLL.

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