US2721732A - Apparatus for mixing liquids and gases - Google Patents

Apparatus for mixing liquids and gases Download PDF

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Publication number
US2721732A
US2721732A US327527A US32752752A US2721732A US 2721732 A US2721732 A US 2721732A US 327527 A US327527 A US 327527A US 32752752 A US32752752 A US 32752752A US 2721732 A US2721732 A US 2721732A
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United States
Prior art keywords
blood
annuli
oxygenator
groups
shell
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Expired - Lifetime
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US327527A
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English (en)
Inventor
Melrose Denis Graham
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National Research Development Corp UK
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Nat Res Dev
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Publication date
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
    • A61M1/32—Oxygenators without membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F29/00—Mixers with rotating receptacles
    • B01F29/60—Mixers with rotating receptacles rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis, e.g. drum mixers
    • B01F29/63—Mixers with rotating receptacles rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis, e.g. drum mixers with fixed bars, i.e. stationary, or fixed on the receptacle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S128/00—Surgery
    • Y10S128/03—Heart-lung
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/28—Blood oxygenators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improved apparatus for quickly bringing a gas into intimate contact with a liquid and, although not exclusively limited thereto, is particularly suitable for oxygenating blood.
  • a known way of re-oxygenating blood is to spread out the blood into a thin film and then fiow oxygen over the film, but in the past several difficulties have been experienced in carrying out such operations, among which may be mentioned that of providing an adequate rate of flow of oxygenated blood whilst avoiding undue foaming, haemolysis or other deleterious effect upon the blood, and
  • Figure 1 is a side elevation of a blood oxygenator
  • Figure 2 is a right-hand end elevation, on a somewhat larger scale, of the same apparatus
  • Figure 3 is a side elevation of one of several rings forming part of the oxygenator.
  • Figure 4 is a section on the line IVIV of Figure 3,
  • Figure 5 is a side elevation of one of several annuli making up the oxygenator
  • Figure 6 is a section on the line VI-Vl of Figure 5
  • Figure 7 is an elevation showing one ring and one annulus placed in face-to-face contact
  • Figure 8 is a section on the line VIIIVIII of Figure 7,
  • Figure 9 is a sectional elevation, on an enlarged scale, through a portion of the oxygenator shown in Figure 1,
  • Figure 10 is a section on the line X-X of Figure 9,
  • Figure 11 is a section on the line XIXI of Figure 10, and
  • Figure 12 is a circuit diagram illustrating apparatus for controlling the oxygenator of Figure 1.
  • the apparatus illustrated in Figures 1 to 11 comprises a transparent cylindrical shell 20 which is 30 inches long and of internal diameter 8 inches. It is made of a material which may be readily sterilised, such as compressed nylon. At its two ends it is closed by centrally apertured plates 21 and 22 each of external diameter 10 inches. The end-plates are mounted for rotation upon two pairs of rollers, such as those shown at 23, 24 and 25, with the axis of the cylindrical shell inclined to the horizontal at a small angle which may be 5 for example.
  • a parallel driving plate 26 Fixed on the left-hand end plate 21, and spaced from it, is a parallel driving plate 26 forming part of a continuously variable friction gear the other wheel 27 of which can be moved up and down a rod 28 with the aid of a manually operable screw 29 threaded through a yoke 30 which carries the friction Wheel 27.
  • the friction Wheel 27 is splined on the rod 28 and is rotated, through worm gear 31 at the lower end of the rod, by a fractional H. P. electric motor 32.
  • the motor may be, for example, of 3& H. P. running at 960 R. P. M. and the speed of rotation of the cylindrical shell may be varied to anything between about 24 to R. P. M. by moving the friction wheel 27 radially with respect to the driving plate 26.
  • ring-shaped plates Fixedly secured within the cylindrical shell 20 are a plurality of ring-shaped plates, also made of nylon, and arranged so that their apertures constitute a passage from end to end of the cylindrical shell.
  • the plates are of two somewhat similar kinds and the two kinds are arranged alternately throughout the length of the cylinder. Henceforth the two kinds will be called rings (of which there may be 77) and annuli (of which there may be 76) in order to distinguish them one from the other.
  • a ring is shown in detail at 33 in Figures 3 and 4. It is circular and of external diameter such that it is a sliding fit in the cylindrical shell 20. It is formed with a central aperture 34 of 4% inches diameter and is V inch thick. It is also formed with eight equi-angularly disposed holes such as those shown at 35.
  • Each annulus 36 ( Figures 5 and 6) is similar in shape to a ring except that it is inch thick and is formed with a circular aperture 37 of 5% inches diameter, the centre of which is eccentric by 1 inch.
  • the rings and annuli are also arranged in groups of two kinds which alternate along the length of the cylindrical shell 20.
  • One group consists of five rings and five annuli having the maximum depth of the crescent-shaped troughs 39A arranged at 6 oclock in end view, as shown in Figure 10.
  • the other group consists of five rings and five annuli arranged with the maximum depth of the troughs (393 in Figure 9) all arranged at 12 oclock in end view, as shown in Figure 11.
  • the rings and annuli are assembled in this manner upon four chromium plated steel rods such as those shown at 40 and 41 in Figure l and are tightened together with the aid of four nuts (42, 43, 44 and 45 in Figure 2) so as to be liquid tight. They are then fitted into the cylindrical shell 20 (after the end-plate 22 has been removed) upon four other chromium plated steel rods 46, 47, 48 and 49, whereupon the end-plate 22 is assembled on these four rods and tightened on to the end of the cylindrical shell with the aid of suitable nuts.
  • the end-plate 22 is formed with an aperture 50 through which are passed an inlet pipe 51, for blood, dipping into the rear or upper end of the oxygenator, an outlet pipe 52, also for blood, dipping into the forward end of the oxygenator, an outlet pipe 53 for oxygen and a pipe 54 with the aid of which the depth of blood in the oxygenator may be measured.
  • the left-hand end plate 21 is also formed with an aperture through which is passed a pipe 55 serving to suply oxygen to the oxygenator.
  • the cylindrical shell, rings and annuli thus together constitute a kind of elongated cylinder-like shell or hollow body, the general axis of which is inclined to the horizontal and through which cylinder-like shellthe blood may be flowed downwardly under gravity while oxygen is passed in contra flow over the surface of the blood.
  • the container has been converted to an elongated cylinder-like shell or hollow body, the outer surface of which is cylindrical but the internal surface of which is in the form of a plurality of end-to-end cylinder-like assemblies all having their'axes eccentric with respect to a predetermined axis, namely the axis of the external cylindrical surface of the shell. Furthermore, the axis of one cylinder-like assembly is displaced by 180 with respect to each of the two assemblies adjacent to it and with reference to the predetermined axis.
  • the present invention possesses several advantages as compared with known apparatus for achieving the same end, not the least of which is that it avoids the use of plates having edges which cut through the blood at high speed, in a direction transverse to the edges, and in this way damage the blood. It will be seen that, in the present apparatus, the edges of the rings are the only ones which move through the blood and each edge moves not only at a relatively low speed, but also in a direction approximately parallel with itself, thus avoiding damage to the blood.
  • the patient is represented at 56, the venous and arterial sides being at the left and right-hand respectively.
  • Blood is drawn from the venous side of the patient by a pump 57 driven by a motor 58 under the control of a controller 59 which is both manually and automatically operable and which supplies power to the motor 58 independently of the mains voltage.
  • the rate of supply can be determined either by a manual setting 60 or by electric signals generated in a manner to be described.
  • Re-oxygenated blood is extracted from the oxygenator, and returned to the patient on the arterial side, by a pump 61 the pressure of which is recorded by an electromagnetic manometer 62, whilst a similar manometer 63 records the suction produced by the pump 57.
  • a level recorder 64 gives a continuous record of the level of blood in the oxygenator and also provides signals when the level rises or falls to danger limits.
  • the pump 61 is driven by a motor 65 under the control of a controller 66 similar to 59 and having a manual setting 67.
  • Mixers 68 and 69 are electronic valve-operated units -which combine the signals from the manometers and deliver master signals to the electronic controllers 59 and 66 and also to alarm devices 70 and 71 which include steady green and winking red lamps together with buzzers, as desired, to provide visible and/0r audible warning of any dangerous condition, approaching or present.
  • the rate at which blood is supplied to and withdrawn from the patient i. e. the rate at which it passes through the oxygenator, normally should remain constant and a large part of the function of the control apparatus is to ensure this.
  • the controller 59 is such as to boost it up. If, however, the boosting is still insufficient, an alarm is provided at 70, in which case any one of a variety of expedients may be adopted.
  • the mixer 68 may operate on 69 so as to reduce the output of pump 61, via controller 66 and motor 65, until the blood rates at opposite ends of the oxygenator are again equalized.
  • the control apparatus may be operated manually until the desired functioning is arrived at, whereupon it may be re-set to operate automaticaly.
  • control apparatus should be of the greatestflexibility so that, in order to compensate for a change in any one of these factors, any or all of "the others-may be'adjusted either automatically or manually.
  • a'by-pass circuit 73 may be provided with the aid of which saline may be continuously circulated through the oxygenator, and air bubbles in the various pipes opened to the atmosphere and thus excluded from What I claim is:
  • Apparatus for bringing a liquid and gas into intimate contact including an elongate hollow body member, means for supporting said member so that it is inclined to the horizontal, means for rotating said member about a central axis, inlets and outlets to said member such that a liquid may be flowed through it under gravity and a gas may be passed through it above the liquid, the internal shape of said member being in the form of a plurality of groups of annuli having inner cylindrical surfaces the axes of which are eccentric with respect to said central axis, the axis of said groups of annuli being displaced 180 with respect to that of each adjacent group of annuli with reference to said central axis, and a plurality of spaced rings, each formed with an aperture coaxial with said central axis, arranged at spaced intervals throughout the length of said groups of annuli so as to subdivide said groups.
  • Apparatus for bringing a liquid and gas into intimate contact including a hollow elongate cylinder-like shell, means for supporting said shell so that it is inclined to the horizontal, means for rotating said shell about a central axis, inlets and outlets to said shell such that a liquid may be flowed through it under gravity and a gas may be passed through it above the liquid, the internal shape of said shell being in the form of a plurality of sets of alternately arranged crescent-shaped troughs, those of one set being arranged with the maximum depth of trough angu' larly displaced with respect to the maximum depth of an adjacent set.
  • Apparatus for bringing a liquid and gas into intimate contact including a hollow elongate cylinder-like shell, means for supporting said shell so that it is inclined to the horizontal, means for rotating said shell about an axis, inlets and outlets to said shell such that a liquid may be flowed through it under gravity and a gas may be passed through it above the liquid, the internal shape of said shell being in the form of a plurality of sets of alternately arranged annuli, the inner cylindrical surfaces of which are eccentric with respect to said axis, the eccentricity of one set being angularly displaced with respect to those of another set, and a plurality of rings each formed with an aperture coaxial with said axis and ar ranged at spaced intervals throughout the length of said shell.
  • Apparatus for bringing a liquid and gas into intimate contact including a cylinder-like shell having its axis inclined to the horizontal, means for rotating said shell about its axis, inlets and outlets to said shell such that, while it is rotating, a liquid may be flowed through it under gravity and a gas may be passed through it above the liquid, a plurality of centrally apertured rings and a plurality of eccentrically apertured annuli stacked within said shell, the annuli being arranged in sequentially arranged groups the eccentricities of successive groups being displaced angularly and a ring being located between each adjacent pair of annuli.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
US327527A 1952-01-03 1952-12-23 Apparatus for mixing liquids and gases Expired - Lifetime US2721732A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB286/52A GB727141A (en) 1952-01-03 1952-01-03 Improved apparatus for mixing liquids and gases

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2721732A true US2721732A (en) 1955-10-25

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US327527A Expired - Lifetime US2721732A (en) 1952-01-03 1952-12-23 Apparatus for mixing liquids and gases

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2721732A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1071898B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1072596A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB727141A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (2) NL174966B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3026871A (en) * 1958-01-30 1962-03-27 Const Mecaniques De Stains Soc Apparatus for oxygenating blood
US3074699A (en) * 1958-10-17 1963-01-22 Technicon Instr Apparatus for treating a liquid with a gas
US3201786A (en) * 1961-06-12 1965-08-17 Korry Mfg Co Multiunit electric terminal and indicator panel assembly and components
US3226198A (en) * 1962-10-18 1965-12-28 Technicon Instr Method and apparatus for treating gases
US3731680A (en) * 1971-10-21 1973-05-08 F Wright Pressure regulating controller
US3756234A (en) * 1971-06-04 1973-09-04 Vital Assists Single needle dialysis
US3830234A (en) * 1971-06-04 1974-08-20 Vital Assists Dialysis control system and method
US3881483A (en) * 1972-09-12 1975-05-06 Rhone Poulenc Sa Extracorporeal blood circuit
US3890969A (en) * 1974-01-21 1975-06-24 Baxter Laboratories Inc Cardiopulmonary bypass system
US3946731A (en) * 1971-01-20 1976-03-30 Lichtenstein Eric Stefan Apparatus for extracorporeal treatment of blood
USRE29346E (en) * 1971-06-04 1977-08-09 Vital Assists, Inc. Single needle dialysis
US4637917A (en) * 1983-10-14 1987-01-20 Reed Charles C Bubble oxygenator

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE138694C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
US1253401A (en) * 1914-07-09 1918-01-15 John H Lorimer Apparatus for treating air with liquids.
US1592231A (en) * 1922-06-20 1926-07-13 Farbenfab Vorm Bayer F & Co Apparatus for intimately mixing gases and liquids
GB348244A (en) * 1930-02-21 1931-05-14 William Edgar Durrad Improvements in and relating to treating liquids with gases
US2575688A (en) * 1946-04-27 1951-11-20 Maytag Co Fractionation column

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE138694C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
US1253401A (en) * 1914-07-09 1918-01-15 John H Lorimer Apparatus for treating air with liquids.
US1592231A (en) * 1922-06-20 1926-07-13 Farbenfab Vorm Bayer F & Co Apparatus for intimately mixing gases and liquids
GB348244A (en) * 1930-02-21 1931-05-14 William Edgar Durrad Improvements in and relating to treating liquids with gases
US2575688A (en) * 1946-04-27 1951-11-20 Maytag Co Fractionation column

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3026871A (en) * 1958-01-30 1962-03-27 Const Mecaniques De Stains Soc Apparatus for oxygenating blood
US3074699A (en) * 1958-10-17 1963-01-22 Technicon Instr Apparatus for treating a liquid with a gas
US3201786A (en) * 1961-06-12 1965-08-17 Korry Mfg Co Multiunit electric terminal and indicator panel assembly and components
US3226198A (en) * 1962-10-18 1965-12-28 Technicon Instr Method and apparatus for treating gases
US3946731A (en) * 1971-01-20 1976-03-30 Lichtenstein Eric Stefan Apparatus for extracorporeal treatment of blood
US3756234A (en) * 1971-06-04 1973-09-04 Vital Assists Single needle dialysis
US3830234A (en) * 1971-06-04 1974-08-20 Vital Assists Dialysis control system and method
USRE29346E (en) * 1971-06-04 1977-08-09 Vital Assists, Inc. Single needle dialysis
US3731680A (en) * 1971-10-21 1973-05-08 F Wright Pressure regulating controller
US3881483A (en) * 1972-09-12 1975-05-06 Rhone Poulenc Sa Extracorporeal blood circuit
US3890969A (en) * 1974-01-21 1975-06-24 Baxter Laboratories Inc Cardiopulmonary bypass system
US4637917A (en) * 1983-10-14 1987-01-20 Reed Charles C Bubble oxygenator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1072596A (fr) 1954-09-14
NL81254C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE1071898B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB727141A (en) 1955-03-30
NL174966B (nl)

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