US2711139A - Garbage incinerator - Google Patents

Description

June 2l, 1955 F. H. MARTIN GARBAGE INCINERATOR Filed Nov. 26', 1952 Z2; EL E L Zw;

47m/@Mers nted States Patent() 1 2,711,139 GARBAGE uvcINERAToR Frederick H. Martin, Huntsville, Ala., assigner to Martin ltamping & Stove Company, a corporation of Alaama Application November 26, 1952, Serial No. 322,613 Claims. (Cl. 110-8) off from the green or wet garbage when placed in the incinerator.

Still another object of my invention is to provide means for improving the draft through the incinerator together with improved means for overcoming both excessive L updraft and downdraft. A salient feature of my invention in connection therewith resides in the provision of means whereby elevated stack temperatures are initially promoted at the start of the incineration cycle, irrespective of any dampenng effect of the load, thereby to insure improved draft. In addition thereto a barometric control element integral with the body of the unit is provided to neutralize the effects of excessive updraft and downdraft in the system.

A further object of my invention is to provide means in an incinerator to pass the gases driven off from the main load in the incinerator through a restricted area in which a burner is located and in which the necessary elements of time, temperature, turbulence and air are present to insure complete combustion of the gases. To the above end a most important feature of my invention is the provision of a burner in the restricted area through which the products of the primary combustion of the load must pass, with an ample supply of secondary oxygen thereat, in the presence of baffle elements, cooperative to provide the aforesaid requirements for complete combustion.

In particular, my present invention is an improvement over that disclosed and claimed in my application Serial No. 310,750, iiled September 22, 1952, in that it provides for more complete combustion of the garbage, and improved control of the` draft in the incinerator.

Briefly my invention comprises a casing embodying a main combustion chamber, a grate, an ash pan, and a gas burner. At the rear of the main combustion chamber is a supplemental combustion chamber in which a gas burner is located. A suitable method is provided whereby the burner in the latter chamber may be lighted at` or near the same time as the burner in the main chamber. In the embodiment of the invention herein shown, the means disclosed is in the form of a carry-over flame from the main burner. The supplemental chamber is provided, at the bottom, with reticulated or perforated walls for the ready admission of gases driven olf from the garbage, and at the rear, openings through the casing for the admission of secondary air for combustion. The products of combustion pass from the supplemental chamber through a bailled opening Vinto an auxiliary chamber and thence to a smoke outlet. The auxiliary chamber, together with a'damper operable responsive to a difference in pressure on opposite sides thereof serves to overcome excessive updraft and downdraft.

Apparatus embodying features of my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing forming a part of this application, in which:

Fig. 1 is a transverse sectional view;

Fig. 2 is ka sectional view taken along the line II II of Figfl;

2,711,139 PatentedrJune 21, 1955 ice Fig. 3 is a view taken along the line III- III of Fig. 1 showing a portion removed, for the sake of clarity; and,

Fig. 4 is a rear elevational view.

Referring to the drawing for a better understanding of my invention, my improved incinerator embodies a casing 10 which is generally rectangular in shape. In the lower part of the casing is a grate 11 and beneath the grate an ash disposal pan 12. An openingA 13 in the cover 14 provides means for placing garbage in the incinerator to be burned. A door 16 normally closes the opening 13.` The space in the casing above the grate 11 comprises a main combustion chamber for the consumption of the solids in the garbage. Disposed at the rear of the main combustion chamber is a supplemental combustion chamber defined by a front wall 17 provided with a multiplicity of openings 18 and` which'may be formed economically from expanded metal. The upper portion of the wall 17 is provided with a lesser number of openings 19. All of these openingsprovide means for the passage of the products of combustion from the main combustion chamber, together with inflammable gases and water vapor driven off from the garbage.

At the rear of the supplemental combustion chamber is an auxiliary chamber defined by an outer wall 21, a top 22, bottom 23 and side walls 24 and 26 and which communicates with the supplemental chamber through an opening 27. The auxiliary chamber is provided with a smoke outlet 28 which, as will be noted in Fig. 1, is disposed below the opening 27, the rear wall of the casing 10 forming a bale 29 between the supplemental combustion chamber andy the smoke outlet. Disposed beneath the smoke outlet 28 is a gravity damper 31 such as is disclosed in my aforesaid application,

a horizontal pivot located above the center of gravity of the disc whereby it is normally closed but is free to open inwardly responsive to a decrease in pressure in the auxiliary chamber such as would be caused by an excessive updraft, and to open outwardly upon an increase in pressure in the auxiliary chamber such as would be caused by an excessive downdraft.

Disposed in Vthe lower part of the main combustionv chamber is a gas burner 34 Vwith lateral openings 36 and 37 so as to dischargev the llame laterally on both sides thereof. A plate 38 is preferably disposed above the burner openings whereby to protect them from direct contact with the garbage in -'the combustion chamber. The burner 34 is constructed to extend to the rear of the combustion chamber and is there provided with a branch 39 which extends upwardly into the supplemental combustion chamber and which has its burner opening at 41 so as to provide a gas flame approximately in the middle of the supplemental chamber. The member 34 and the member 39 areboth provided with small holes 42 along the length thereof whereby to provide forv igniting the burner at 41. It will be obvious that instead of making the burner member 39 a part of the member 34 there may be provided a separate burner for the supplemental chamber. Air admission openings 43 are provided inthe rear of the casing 10 for the admission of secondary air into the supplemental combustion chamber for the combustion of inflammable gases therein.

From the foregoing description, the operation of my improved incinerator will be readily understood. Garbage is dumped into the main combustion chamber through the opening13 and the burner 34 is ignited. This brings about ignition of the burner 39 in the supplemental chamber which immediately creates suicient heat in the supplemental chamber to provide an initial stack up'draft which aids in drawing off the moisture evaporated'out of green garbage. the initial stages of incineration, the usual accumulation Serial No.l 310,750 and which comprises a disc 32 pivoted at 33 by This prevents, during in the main combustion chamber of a large volume of foul volatile gases and smoke which in other types of incinerators with which I am Vfamiliar might be expelled in minute but objectionable quantities through the main chamber opening through which the load is charged. As soon as the inflammable gases are driven off from the garbage they are ignited and burned in thel supplemental combustion chamber, which thus does away with any objectionable odors which might be brought about by u nburned gases. The products of combustion and vapor from the supplemental combustion chamber pass over the baille member 29 and thence out through the smoke outlet 28. In case there is an excess of dry garbage being burned it creates an excess updraft, and the resulting lowered pressure in the auxiliary chamber causes an inward opening of the damper 31 and allows air to enter the auxiliary chamber to correct the updraft. Should an excessive downdraft occur in the smoke outlet 28, it creates an excess of pressure in the auxiliary chamber which causes the damper 31 to open outwardly and correct the downdraft. The baffle 29 serves to even out the draft through the supplemental combustion chamber and to intercept downdraft from the stack outlet.

It will be seen that the supplemental chamber provides a restricted area for the passage of the products of combustion and inammable gases from the main combustion chamber, which together with the supplemental burner provides an area in which the necessary elements of time, temperature, turbulence, and air for combustion are present to insure complete combustion of the gases. More particularly, these elements coact to effect the eicient operation of a unit designed to provide more nearly `perfect consumption of the incinerated material together with volatile gases and smoke produced there- :2

from. The combination of the intense flame of the supplemental burner, fed by the ample supply of secondary oxygen introduced through the holes 43 in the chamber wall, with the effect of the baille provided in the opening at 2.7, produces turbulence in the mass of gases passing through the supplemental chamber, with .a sutiln cient delay in the flow of said mass in the presence of the llame of higher temperature to cause combustion to proceed to a higher degree. While a separate gas K system may be provided for the supplemental burner, it

will be readily apparent that the integration of this burner into the system of the main burner provides many additional advantages in operation. An important one of these resides in the ability to regulate the amount of flame needed for combustion proportionately, a feature desirable from the standpoint of economy of operation, as well as one which enables theuscr to choose a sufficient amount of heat to handle a variety of materials comprising the normal charge. It will thus be seen that I have devised an improved incinerator which includes improved means to insure complete comb-ustion of garbage, the obviation of obnoxious odors, `and an improved draft control, as well as a unit which is simple in design and economical from the standpoint of operation yas well as production.

While I have shown my inventionV in but one formit will be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited but is susceptible of various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit thereof, and I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as are specifically set forth in the appended claims;

What I claim is:

1. In a garbage incnerator., a casing including a main combustion chamber having a gas burner in the lower part thereof anda supplemental combustion chamber disposed at the rear of the main combustion chamber and separated from the main combustionVY chamber by a perforated wall, a gas burner in the supplemental chamber,4 an auxiliary chamber disposedfat the upper rear ofY chamber and disposed to receive products of combustion the casing behind the supplemental combustion chamber and in communication therewith, a smoke outlet 'at` the rear of the auxiliary chamber, a baille between the smoke outlet and the supplemental chamber, and a damper in the lower part of the rear wall of the auxiliary chamber operable to openresponsive to a difference, in x let and the supplemental chamber, a damper in the lower part of the auxiliary chamber operable to 'open responsive to a difference in pressure on opposite sides thereof, and meansy to supply air for combustion to the Y supplemental combustion chamber.

3. Apparatus as defined in claim 2 in which the burner in the supplemental combustion chamber is an upright extension of the burner in the main combustion chamber.

4. In an incinerator, a casing embodying a main combustion chamber having a burner therein and a supplemental combustion chamber in communication with the main combustion chamber and disposed to receive and burn inflammable gases driven olf from Vmaterials burned in the main chamber together with products of combustion from the main chamber, a burner in the supplemental chamber, an auxiliary chamber joined to` the.

upper part of the casing in communication with the supplemental chamber and disposed to receive products of combustion fromthe supplemental chamber and hav ing a smoke outlet, a baffle between/the supplemental chamber and the auxiliary chamber, and a damper in the outer auxiliary chamber wall disposed beneath the smoke outlet and operable to open responsive both to excessive updraft and downdraft in the smoke outlet.

5. In an'incinerator, a casing enclosing a main combustion chamber and a V'supplemental combustion chamber laterally disposed with respect to the main chamber and in communication with said'- main chamber for receiving and burning inflammable gases driven oft' frommaterials burned in said main chamber together with products of combustion from the main chamber, .a burner in the main chamber, a supplemental burner in theV supplemental chamber integral with the burner of the main chamber, a single control for both of saidvk burners, an auxiliary chamber joined to the upper part of the casing in communication with the supplemental from 'the supplemental chamber and having a smoke outlet, a baille between the supplemental chamber andv 'i the auxiliary chamber, and a damper in' the outer auxiliary chamber wall disposed beneath the smoke outlet and operable to open responsive both to excessive updraft Iand downdraft in the smokeoutlet.

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