US2709677A - Heating devices and heat regenerators of coke ovens - Google Patents

Description

3k E95 R. A. DELARUE HEATING DEVICES AND HEAT REGENERATORS oF com ovENs Filed my 1.0, 1951.

5 Sheets-Shee l Aornl y HOGER ANDRE DELARUE MW M, E95 l R. A. DELARLAE 2570957677 HEATING DEVICES AND HEAT REGENERATORS oF com: ovENs Filed July l0, A3.951 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 AAA Mm? El, 1955 R A DELARUE HEATING DEVICES AND HEAT REGENERATORS OF COKE OVENS Filed July. lo, 1951 5 Sheets-51166; 3

Inwm: on 2 ROGER Mmm BELMRUE W Mzmyf MEW' EL 1955 E. A. DELARUE 79y677 HEATING DEVICES AND HEAT EEGENEEATORS 0E GOEE ovENs Filed my 1o, 1951 5 sheets-sheet 4 Inwwmtor' 2 RDGEH ANDRE DEH@ ay L 1955 R. A. DELARUE 09,677

HEATING DEVICES AND HEAT REGENERATORS OF COKE OVENS Filed July 10, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 LP: Q9 A u "f5 3 it a I m w ll:

nvantor: ROGER ANDRE DELRUE HEATING DEVICES AND HEAT REGENERATORS F CKE OVENS Roger Andr Deiarue, Paris, France, assguor to Compagnie Generale de Construction de Fours, Montrouge, France Application -iuly 10, 1951, Serial No. 236,023

Claims priority, application France July 12, 1950 6 Claims. (Cl. 202-141) This invention has for its object to provide an improvement in coke ovens and, more particularly, in ovens comprising carbonization chambers for the coal.

For the sake of simplicity, the ovens will be hereinafter referred to as coke ovens, but the invention can be carried out in any other kind of ovens, such as gas-works ovens, or ovens wherein the heated material is diiferent from coal. More particularly, this invention relates to heat regenerator ovens with heating walls provided with coupled vertical heating flues, so that the combustion gases which ascend in a iiue, has to descend in the adjacent flue. Such an arrangement is commonly known as hair-pin heating iiues.

The invention is specially designed for use in compound heating ovens.

Compound ovens having coupled tiues and provided with heat regenerators are already known but they have not proved satisfactory.

ln existing ovens of a tirst type, the regenerators con taining gas and those containing lean fuel gas are separated by walls parallel to the heating walls. Such walls, which are very long in modern ovens and may reach a length of thirteen meters are susceptible to cracks whereby leakage of lean fue] gas may be caused, which is sucked into the waste gases regenerators through said cracks.

in another existing type of ovens, the gas regenerators containing lean fuel gas and the waste gas regenerators are separated by a single wall perpendicular to the heating walls; such ovens require, in the part thereof disposed between the burners and the regenerating chambers, horizontal iiues which render the structure of this part very complicated and may result in the loss of lean fuel gas into the waste gases through the walls of the tlues.

The present invention has for its object to obviate the drawbacks of the known types of ovens by ensuring the necessary tightness between the regenerators for preventing any loss of gas.

ln an oven according to the invention, the regenerators are in chambers parallel to the heating walls which .include the heating hues; each line is divided into compartments by a series of walls; moreover, the oven comprises means for evacuating the waste gases collected in the compartments and means for feeding with the gaseous uids into said compartments as required by the combustion and evacuating the waste gases so that two adjacent compartments in two difftierent chambers may both contain either waste gases or air in one and gas in the other; burners being provided for the heating ilues, so arranged that each of them communicates with the closest compartments without any interconnecting flue being required for connecting several burners. v

Further details and characteristics of the invention will become apparent from the following description with reference to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan view illustrating diagrammatically an arrangement according to the present `invention of the compartments of the regenerators and their connections Zfi?? Patented May 3l, i955 with the burners; this diagram being partly broken away and showing two superposed diagrammatical horizontal sections, one across the regeneration stage and the other one across the combustion stage.

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatical illustration of a horizontal section of an oven embodying this invention at the level of the bottom of the regenerators and diagrammatically showing the ues for the waste gases, air and lean fuel gas.

Fig. 3 is an horizontal section of a compartment of a regenerator embodying the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a section along line IV-IV of Figure 3.

Fig. 5 is a section along line V-V of Figure 3.

Fig. 6 is a vertical section of a coke oven showing a piping system for ensuring tightness between two regenerator compartments.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary perspective view of a choquer of regenerator elements.

Fig. 8 is a vertical iongitudinal section along line VIII-VIII of Figure 2 of the lower portion of a regenl erator chamber and a double flue provided under said regenerator chamber.

Fig. 9 is similar to Figure 8 along line lX--IX of Figure 2.

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary longitudinal section of one of the ues provided under a regenerator chamber.

Fig. 11 is a section along XI-Xi of Figure 10.

Fig. 12 is a general view of the oven according to the invention, in section, taken along line X11- XH of Fig. 13.

Fig. 13 is a section along line XlIl-XHI of Figure l2.

Fig. l illustrates diagrammatically the arrangement of the compartments of the regenerators and their connections with the burners in an oven embodying the present invention. The burners are placed in the usual way, at the lower ends of the heating fiues which are located within heating` walls separating the carbonization chambers.

Lines PiPz etc. represent the heating walls divided into pairs of coupled flues, with the pairs of ilues being numbered from I to XI.

In the illustrated oven, it has been supposed that ll pairs of ues are involved, but it is to be understood that the number of pairs of ilues may be varied.

Lines RsRi, ctc. represent or identify the regenerator chambers placed under the carbonization chambers, which are omitted from the diagrammatic illustration in order to expose the connections between the regenerators and the heating ues.

Each regenerator chamber is divided into compartments which are numbered from 1 to l2, and each chamber is deiined between two heating walls except, of course, for the waste gases regenerators Ro which has a heating Wall only at one side.

As a rule, each compartment corresponds to two burners on either side, namely in the whole, to four burners. But it is possible to divide each compartment into four parts as diagrammatically illustrated by the dash line of Figure 1, in case that it is desired to obtain quite independent burners.

An oven according to the invention may operate either with a rich gas needing no preheating, or with a lean gas, needing pre-heating in the regenerators in the same way as the combustion air; it is the latter case that is illustrated on Figure l, this figure shows the circuits of air, lean fuel gas and waste gases at a given moment; these circuits are periodically reversed. Gn said tigure,

lthe reference letters a and g respectively identify the ber compartments receiving the ascending flow of air and lean fuel gas and F illustrates the chamber compartments receiving the descending flow of waste gases.

The regenerators operate according to the well known rule of reversion. The air and the gas ascend within the regenerators where they are heated upon contact with the substances heated by the waste gases that had descended therein during the preceding phase.

On the other hand, when the waste gases descend within the regenerators, they cool and yield their heat to the chequers contained in the regenerators.

In each line of the even rows of regenerators Re, R2, etc., one of two adjacent compartments receives ascending lean fuel gas and the other one descending waste gas.

in each odd regenerator chamber R1, Ra, etc., one of twov adjacent compartments receives ascending air and the other one descending waste gas.

As is apparent from Figure l, the ascending and de scending compartments in two adjacent regenerator chambers are so arranged that the adjacent compartments in two different chambers both ensure the upward flow at a given moment and the downward flow after reversal.

ln the case where each compartment is divided into many elements as there are burners fed by the comlll not be absolutely tight since the fluids which circulate within the elements of each compartment are of same nature and, practically, under the same pressure.

As a result of the arrangement illustrated on Figure l., the walls which separate the regenerator chambers, parallel to the carbonization chambers, and which are susceptible to cracking owing to their excessive length, separate adjacent compartments both containing ascending flows at a given moment and both containing descending ows after reversal.

The first consequence of such an arrangement is that due to the fact that the pressures at the opposite sides' of said walls are almost the same, no suction can occur from one compartment into the other one, and therefore the only leakages caused occurring through said walls are those resulting from the diffusion of the gases and, consequently, they are very small.

A further consequence is that the leakages that may occur though they are very small, occur between two waste gases compartments, which is not disadvantageous, or between a gas compartment and an air compartment whereby no material loss is caused as the heat produced by the partial combustion resulting therefrom is totally recovered at the burners.

Fig. 2 diagrammatically illustrates a system for connecting the regenerator compartments with the Huid (air,- lean fuel gas or waste gas)` distributing members at a given moment.

On Fig. 2, the regenerator chambers, and their compartments, have the same reference numerals as on Fig. l.

A and G respectively represent the introduction of-air and lean fuel gas in the compartments in which said iluids ascend, while F represents the evacuation of the. waste gas which descends in the other compartments.

Ao and G0 identify the distributing members or reversing devices for the air and lean fuel gas when they are open. Ax and Gx identify the distributing members or reversing devices in closed position.

Fo and Fx identify the waste gases reversing devicesA in open position and in closed position respectively. y' y And CG and CF identify the lean fuel gas main pipe and waste gases main 'flue respectively. v

In the diagrammatical illustration of a system in Fig. 2, it has been supposed that all the reversing devices are placed on a same side of the oven battery. Obviously, F

to prevent leakage of any gaseous fluid through the walls that divide each chamber into compartments since said walls separate the compartments containing the waste gases from those containing lean fuel gas or air.

The tightness of the last mentioned walls is ensured in the manner hereinafter described with reference to Figures 3 to 6.

Figure 3 is a horizontal section view of the walls perpendicular to the heating walls which divide each chamberinto compartments. Each of these walls comprises two vaults 13 having vertical generatrixes the curvatures of which are opposite one another. Each vault includes comparatively moderate sized elements forming arches and having for instance, rounded abutting surfaces or assembled together by groove and tongue joints.

Back of the joints provided between the elements forming the arches of the vaults 13, plates 14 having a small thickness can also be provided to overlap the joints.

Between the two vaults, there is a space 15 which is filled with pulverulent material. This fills up the joints which might part a little between the elements 13 forming the arches and moreover provide a pressure against the vault for increasing the closeness of the joints between `the elements forming the arches.

The pulverulent material moreover'presses the plates 14 against the vaults.

Fig. 3 illustrates the Walls separating the regenerator compartments, arranged in lines between the walls 16 separating the regenerator chambers which are parallel to the heating walls. Said walls 16 can be adapted to be jacketed with thin fire bricks 18 to increase the tightv ness of the walls in case cracks occur in the latter.

are thus solid and strong while the walls formed by the 'vaults 13 do not support any weight and are flexible enough to undergo -the stresses due to temperature changes without their tightness being lessened.

Fig. 5 shows the ducts 23 from the regenerator chamber v burners 22.v

A special device for ensuring tightness is moreover provided between the vaults 13 forming the walls prependicular to the heating walls and the upper part of the regeneratorcompartments, said upper part forming the .I lower limit ofthe intermediate part separating the regeneration stage from the coal carbonization stage including the heating flues.

Said device for ensuring tightness is illustrated in Figure 4. The uppermost arches 13 are widened into a part 25 provided with grooves 21 packed with a jointing material.l The -plates 14 are a little higher than the arches thus engaging a groove provided in the masonry 24 of the intermediate part.- The masonary 24 is grooved over each separation so as to provide a recess 19 which cornmunica'tes with the space 15 between the inner surfaces;

of the arches 13 which form the wall. The recesses 19 communicate, moreover, with a channel 20 and are filled with a pulverulentmaterial thus forming a reserve of said material whereby not only are the spaces 1S continuously filled with pulverulent material but so is also the joint at the Aupper part of the walls in spite of the shitting or displacements that may occur.

The longitudinal channels 20 communicate with all the empty spaces between the vaults 13 positioned placed in a same regenerator chamber and open on either side of the outside of the ovens.

In ordertojprevent the very light leakages of gas that mghi OCCHI between the regenerators containing gas lean fuel and those containing waste gases, waste gases are forced into the channels 2t) under a pressure slightly above the relative pressure of the gaseous fluids contained in the compartments of the regenerators. Under such conditions, all the leakages that may occur are either leakages of waste gas into waste gas, which has no effect, or leakages of waste gas into air or intoithe lean fuel gas which has no drawback because that does not mean any loss of lean fuel gas. The channels also make it possible to ll the recesses 19 with pulverulent material.

The feeding of the channels 20 with waste gas under a pressure slightly above the pressure prevailing in the regenerator compartments can be ensured by an arrangement as illustrated in Figure 6.

At the upper part of a heating flue l, waste gases are collected through a pipe 26 connected to a metal duct 27 located outside the oven. The duct 27 is connected at its lower extremity with the channel 20 which opens outside the oven.

The metal duct 27 is not insulated and is even preferably combined with a cooling device (such as a finned tube). The waste gases flowing inside the duct 27 are thereby cooled and their average temperature is much lower than the temperature prevailing in Vthe heating ilues. The density of the waste gases in the ducts 27 is thus much higher than the density of the warm gases inside the heating flues.

Such a difference between the densities causes the desired excess of pressure in the channel 20.

Fie. 7 is a perspective view of a portion of the packing of the regenerator chambers; said packing is made of ribbed plates.

Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate diagrammatically the circulation of the gaseous lluids at the bottom of the regenerators, during the descending ow of the Waste gases and the ascending flow respectively.

They illustrate the arrangement corresponding to the odd compartments l, 3, 5, etc. of one file; the arrange ment corresponding to the even compartments 2, 4, 6, etc. is identical.

The circulation of the gaseous fluids under the regenerator compartments is ensured by means of a ilue divided into two stages which communicate with each other through a certain number of apertures 33.

During the descending phase (Fig. 8) the waste gases from the regenerator compartments are introduced into` a flue through apertures 28 and are evacuated through the upper stage 29 of the flue towards the waste gases main lue CF after they have traversed the reversing device 3ft.

During the ascending phase, the lean fuel gas flows from a lean fuel gas main pipe CG through a reversing device 3l to the lower stage 32 of the flue. `Said stage communicates with the upper stage 29 through apertures 33 provided substantially under the apertures 28.

Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate the feeding with lean fuel gas; practically similar arrangements (not shown) are` employed for the feeding with air. ln the latter case, however, the reversing apparatus 31 would communicate freely with the atmosphere instead of communicating with the lean fuel gas main pipe CG.

The lower stage 32 can be packed inside with an insulating material. However, since that lower stage does not contain waste gases when the latter are descending, it can only receive heat through conductivity of the masonry which surrounds it and, in fact, it so `receives only very small amounts of heat, owing to the insulation.

lt results therefrom that for all practical purposes during the ascending phase the lean fuel gas is not heated when flowing from one extremity of the lower stage'32 of the iiue to the other one, no matter how long the period of time elapsed from the last reversion.

Moreover, during the journey effected by theA gas between the lower stage 32 and the regenerator compartments, the lean fuel gas is heated homogeneously, whichandere ever one of the orifices 33 it passes through, since the journey between the orifice 33 and the corresponding regenerator compartment is the same all over the whole extent of the flue.

Such an arrangement allows a very accurate control of the iiow of air and lean fuel gas to the burners by providing adjusting orifices having predetermined sections at the bottom of the corresponding regenerator compartments. The temperature of the gas and of the air there are, actually, constant and the flows of fluids are exactly proportionate, by weight, to the sections of l*the adjusting orifices.

At the locations of the adjusting orifices,l the temperature is moderate and the adjustment of the burners can be effected by means of gauged orifices which do not deform since they are remote from the burners and do not heat excessively.

On the other hand, the adjusting orifices can be moved into the upper stage 29 of the iiues placed under the regenerators where a moderate temperature prevails, so that installation and removal of the orifices can be readily effected.

The adjusting orifices are gauged orices 34 provided in wedge shaped slabs 35. Each slab rests on a supporting slab 36 which is also wedge shaped. The latter is slidable on two flanges 37 provided on the lateral walls of the upper stage of the flues placed under the regen erators.

The angles of the wedges 35 and 36 are identical and as the lower face of the slab 36 is horizontal, so is the upper face of the adjusting slab 35.

The slab 36 is provided with an orifice having a diameter greater than the diameter of the gauged orifice 34 so that the supporting slab may not partly close the orifice 34 when the slab 36 is brought to rest under the orifice 28 of the lower part of the regenerator.

An auxiliary slab 33 is provided to facilitate position ing of each adjustaing slab.

Said positioning is effected in the following manner:

A supporting slab 36 and an auxiliary slab 38 are placed one behind the other and the adjusting slab 35 is laid on the slabs 36 and 38. The assembly of three slabs is then driven under the oriiice 28 and the position of the adjusting` slab 34 is locked by acting on the wedge 36.

Removal of the adjusting slab is effected similarly but in a reverse way.

The slabs can be easily handled with tools which may be very long, as said tools, even if they are very long, may be provided with shoes resting on the flanges 37 when they are being engaged in the flue or removed therefrom.

The auxiliary slab 38 is bored with an orifice 39 adapted to receive a tool for removing it. Said tool may be used for unlocking the adjusting slab 35 by introducing same in the gauged orifice 34.

I claim:

1. Regenerative coke oven comprising carbonization chambers separated by heating walls including coupled hair-pin shaped heating ues and regenerator chambers parallel to said heating walls and divided into compartments by a series of walls perpendicular to said heating walls, every heating flue being connected directly toV the next regenerator compartment through an individual channel, means for admitting the gaseous fluids required for combustion into said compartments and for exhausting the waste gases from said compartments so that, at any time, two adjacent compartments of two different chambers both contain descending waste gases, While, after reversal, both of said two adjacent compartments contain ascending gaseous fluids required for combustion, the walls dividing each row of regenerator chambers into compartments being each formed of two partitions separated throughout their breadth by a pulverulent material and provided by juxtaposed elements, the vertical joints 7 of these elements being in planes which traverse the vertical longitudinal plane of symmetry of the regenerator compartments along a vertical line externally of the Space between the` two partitions forming the dividing wall.

2. Regenerative coke oven comprising carbonization chambers separated by heating walls including coupled hair-pin shaped heating ues and regenerator chambers parallel to said heating walls and divided into compartments by a series of walls perpendicular to said heating walls, every heating ilue being connected directly to the next regenerator compartment through an individual channel, means for admitting the gaseous fluids required for combustion into said compartments and for exhausting the waste gases from said compartments so that, at any time, two adjacentcompartments of two different chambers both contain descending waste gases, while, after reversal, both of said two adjacent compartments contain ascending gaseous uids required for combustion, the walls dividing each row of regenerator chambers into compartments being each formed of two partitions separated throughout their width by a pulverulent material and having their internal faces overlaid by lapping plates, each of said partitions including juxtaposed elements, the vertical joints of these elements being in planes which cross the vertical longitudinal plane of symmetry of the regenerator chambers along a vertical line externally of the space defined between the two partitions forming the dividing wall.

3. Regenerative coke oven comprising carbonization chambers separated by heating walls including coupled hair-pin shaped heating ues and regenerator chambers parallel to said heating walls and divided into compartments by a series of walls perpendicular to said heating walls, every heating flue being `connected directly to the next regenerator compartment through an individual chan-v nel, means for admitting the gaseous fluids required for combustion into said compartments and for exhausting the waste gases from said compartments so that, at any time, two adjacent compartments of two different chambers both contain descending waste gases, while, after reversal, both of said two adjacent compartments contain ascending gaseous fluids required for combustion, the walls dividing each row of regenerator chambers into compartments being each formed of two partitions separated throughout their width by a pulverulent material and provided by juxtaposed elements, the vertical joints of these elements being in planes which cross the vertical longitudinal plane of symmetry of the regenerator chambers along a vertical line externally of the space between the two partitions forming the dividing wall, and at least one ue communicating with the upper portion of the space between the two partitions and with a waste gas feed under pressure higher than that in the regenerator chamber. 4 v

4. Regenerative coke oven comprising carbonization chambers separated by heating walls including coupled hair-pin shaped heating ues and regenerator chambers parallel to said heating walls and divided'into compartments by a series of walls perpendicular to said heating walls, every heating flue being connected directly to the next regenerator compartment through an individual chan-j nel, means for admitting the gaseous fluids required for combustion into said compartments and for exhausting' along a veritcal line externally of the space between the two partitions forming the dividing wall, the space between the two partitions being in communication with an upper space forming a reservoir for the pulverulent material, said upper space being itself in communication with at least one ue connected to a conduit having waste gas therein at a pressure higher than that in the regenerator chamber.

` S. Regenerative coke oven comprising carbonization chambers separated by heating walls including coupled hair-pin shaped heating ilues and regenerator chambers parallel to said heating walls and divided into compartments by a series of walls perpendicular to said heating walls, every heating flue being connected directly to the next regenerator compartment through an individual chan nel, means for admitting the gaseous fluids required for combustion into said compartments and for exhausting the waste gases from said compartments so that, at any time, two adjacent compartments of two different chambers both contain descending waste gases, while, after reversal, both of said two adjacent compartments contain ascending gaseous fluids required for combustion, the walls dividing each row of regenerator chambers into compartments each including two partitions separated throughout their width by a pulverulent material and formed of juxtaposed elements, the joints of these elements being in planes which cross the vertical longitudinal plane of symmetry of the regenerator compartments along a vertical line externally of the space between the two partitions forming the dividing wall, the space between the two partitions being in communication with at least one flue connected to the upper portion of the heating ilues by piping having at least a portion external of the furnace.

. ments by a series of walls perpendicular to said heating the `waste gases from said -compartments so that, at anyi time, two adjacent compartments of two dilerent cham-y bers both contain 'descending waste gases, while, after reversal, both of said two adjacent compartments contain ascending gaseous fluids required for combustion, the' walls dividing each row of regenerator chambers into compartments each including two partitions separated throughout their width by a pulverulent material and formed of juxtaposed elements, the vertical joints of these elements being in planes which cross the'vertical longi; tudinal plane of symmetry ofthe regenerator chambers walls, every heating Hue being connected directly to the next regenerator compartment through an individual channel, means for admitting the gaseous fluids required for combustion into said compartments and for exhausting the waste gases from said compartments so that, at any time, two adjacent compartments of two different chan1- bers bothv contain descending waste gases, while, after reversal, both of said two adjacent compartments contain ascending gaseous uids required for combustion, the

. walls dividing each row of regenerator chambers into vided with a cooling arrangement.

Y References Cited in the le of this patent v UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,21 1,503

Thackrag Jan. 9, 1917 1,510,857 Munster Oct. 7, 1924 2,008,658 Otto July 16, 1935 2,180,857 Becker Nov. 2l, 1939 2,205,839 Van Ackeren June 25, 1940 2,216,983 Otto Oct. 8, 1940 FOREIGN PATENTS 102,529 Australia Nov. 16, 1937 Germany 1930

Claims (1)

1. REGENERATIVE COKE OVEN COMPRISING CARBONIZATION CHAMBERS SEPARATED BY HEATING WALLS INCLUDING COUPLED "HAIR-PIN" SHAPED HEATING FLUES AND REGENERATOR CHAMBERS PARALLEL TO SAID HEATING WALLS AND DIVIDED INTO COMPARTMENTS BY A SERIES OF WALLS PERPENDICULAR TO SAID HEATING WALLS, EVERY HEATING FLUE BEING CONNECTED DIRECTLY TO THE NEXT REGENERATOR COMPARTMENT THROUGH AN INDIVIDUAL CHANNEL, MEANS FOR ADMITTING THE GASEOUS FLUIDS REQUIRED FOR COMBUSTION INTO SAID COMPARTMENTS AND FOR EXHAUSTING THE WASTE GASES FROM SAID COMPARTMENTS SO THAT, AT ANY TIME, TWO ADJACENT COMPARTMENTS OF TWO DIFFERENT CHAMBERS BOTH CONTAIN DESCENDING WASTE GASES, WHILE, AFTER REVERSAL, BOTH OF SAID TWO ADJACENT COMPARTMENTS CONTAIN ASCENDING GASEOUS FLUIDS REQUIRED FOR COMBUSTION, THE WALLS DIVIDING EACH ROW OF REGENERATOR CHAMBERS INTO COMPARTMENTS BEING EACH FORMED OF TWO PARTITIONS SEPARATED THROUGHOUT THEIR BREADTH BY A PULVERULENT MATERIAL AND PROVIDED BY JUXTAPOSED ELEMENTS, THE VERTICAL JOINTS OF THESE ELEMENTS BEING IN PLANES WHICH TRAVERSE THE VERTICAL LONGITUDINAL PLANE OF SYMMETRY OF THE REGENERATOR COMPARTMENTS ALONG A VERTICAL LINE EXTERNALLY OF THE SPACE BETWEEN THE TWO PARTITIONS FORMING THE DIVIDING WALL.

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