US3838017A

US3838017A - Regenerator for coke ovens

Info

Publication number: US3838017A
Application number: US00290361A
Authority: US
Inventors: O Messerschmidt
Original assignee: Dr C Otto and Co GmbH
Current assignee: Dr C Otto and Co GmbH
Priority date: 1971-10-21
Filing date: 1972-09-19
Publication date: 1974-09-24
Anticipated expiration: 1991-09-24
Also published as: FR2156717A1; ES406913A1; IT962322B; ZA725824B; FR2156717B1; BE790238A; GB1344974A; DE2152351B1

Abstract

A vertical regenerator for a horizontal coke oven chamber. Columns of superimposed checkerbricks are arranged so that each brick extends longitudinally between spaced parallel walls of the regenerator. Along the longitudinal length of each checkerbrick, there extends a projection which passes into a complementary formed recess in a vertically adjacent brick.

Description

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)l y l 'f @United States Patent O 3,838,017 REGENERATOR FOR COKE OVENS Otto Messerschmidt, Bochum, Germany, assignor to Dr. C. Otto & Comp. G.m.b.H., Bochum, West Germany Filed sept. 19, 1972, ser. No. 290,361 Claims priority, application West Germany, Oct. 21, 1971, P 21 52 351.3 Int. Cl. Clb 1/06, 5/12 U.S. Cl. 202--141 5 Claims ABSTRACT F THE DISCLOSURE A vertical regenerator for a horizontal coke oven chamber. Columns of superimposed checkerbricks are arranged so that each brick extends longitudinally between spaced parallel walls of the regenerator. Along the longitudinal length of each checkerbrick, there extends a projection which passes into a complementary formed recess in a vertically adjacent brick.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to horizontal coke ovens with a vertical discharge type of transverse regenerator having checkerwork consisting of checkerbricks placed one on top of the other. Transverse regenerators extend parallel to the oven chambers and also parallel to the series of heating flues which extend across the width of the chambers forming the battery of coke ovens. These regenerators are connected to one or several adjacent heating flues.

In order to provide a maximum heat transfer surface between the brick material of the regenerator and the gases which pass therethrough, it is logical to form vertically-arranged continuous iiow spaces in the checkerbricks. The checkerbricks may include longitudinal ribs divided by crosswalls to form cross-sectional squares along the length of the checkerbricks. The thickness of the ribs and crosswalls may be selected to correspond with the width of the flow spaces in the checkerbricks.

Such checkerbricks were placed one on top of the other with their longitudinal ribs extending parallel to the longitudinal walls of the regenerator. The height of the longitudinal walls was selected so as to project beyond the crosswalls and thereby form a horizontal hollow channel which connects all of the continuous liow spaces in the checkerbricks between the overlying parts of the longitudinal walls. .This .produces a concern that a blocking of the continuous flow spaces could occur at a location where a greater number of-bricks is provided as a result of falling mortar or brick fragments. In the event certain of the individual flow spaces were eliminated, in effect, then the eiciency of the regenerators could still be basically retained since a continuous liow of gases through adjacent spaces was made possible by the horizontallyarranged hollow channels. It has been discovered that the exposed upper edges of the crosswalls below the horizontal channels presented surfaces on which deposits of dust accumulate. Such dust deposits occur, foi example, due

to blast furnace gases which are frequently used for heating coke ovens. The dust contained in such gases not only produces deposits on the exposed surfaces in the regenerator that may even block the horizontal channels at the top thereof, but also forming cohesive layers of such dust over a period of time. As these cohesive layers of Vthe movement occurring in the masonry which borders the regenerators produce forces on the checkerbricks ice which are arranged in a straight column-like formation that impairs the entire structure. Moreover, the free passage of gases through the continuous flow spaces can no longer be assured and, as a result, gas pressure losses in the regenerator reach unacceptable values.

Vertically-arranged regenerators are frequently divided into individual cells by crosswalls. Each cell is associated with one or more heating liues in the overlying heating walls. In this manner, the largest possible quantity of heat can be accumulated from the waste gases flowing into the chamber on the one hand and a uniform vertical outward flow is made possible from the individual cells on the other hand. Moreover, the distribution of the preheated combustion agents can be maintained as usual at the base of the regenerator cells where there is maintained sliding bricks or lattice gates. The results are manifested by a pre-estab-lished distribution of combustion agents at the heating flues. In the iinal analysis, this serves the purpose of guaranteeing a uniform distribution of the combustion agents to uniformly heat the oven chambers over their entire length.

An important consideration must be given to the structure forming the vertical intermediate walls dividing the regenerator into cells. Specifically, this structure must be independent of the longitudinal walls in the regenerator in view of the expansion phenomena of the oven masonry. In many cases, therefore, the bricks forming the intermediate walls are not connected with each other or with the bricks in the walls of the regenerator. The regenerator walls are constructed, for example, from bricks which lit into each other. Another aspect to be considered relates to the pressure equalization of gases passing through the regenerators at the intermediate Walls. It is desirable to dimension the regenerator bricks themselves in such a way as to prevent a horizontal flow of gases in a longitudinal direction of the regenerator, which is perpendicular to the intermediate walls.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide checkerwork for a vertical discharge regenerator of a horizontal coke oven employing checkerbricks designed in a manner so that there are no exposed horizontal faces and in a manner for exact alignment of superimposed bricks to assure continuous flow spaces for heat exchange gases.

It is another object of the present invention to provide crosswalls for dividing a coke oven regenerator into individual chambers wherein the crosswalls are formed by loosely positioned bricks which project into depressions in the longitudinal walls of the regenerator.

According to one form of the present invention, there is provided for a horizontal coke oven, a vertical disA charge regenerator formed by checkerbricks having in` ternal spaces divided into groups, one behind the other, and each group defining continuous flow spaces. These flow spaces are further characterized as vertically-extending passageways having a length and width defined by continuous crosswalls and longitudinal ribs, the latter being arranged parallel to the longitudinal walls of the bricks. The invention further provides in such checkerbricks, that the relative height of the crosswalls and the longitudinal ribs in relation to the height of the outer longitudinal walls is such as to define depressions at the upper side of the bricks and projections at the underside of the bricks. The bricks are arranged as courses of interfitting bricks, each course spanning the distance between the outer walls of the regenerator with courses arranged side-by-side along the width of the regenerator,

The depressions formed in the upper side of the bricks may be, according to an alternative arrangement, formed at the underside of the bricks. The projections are then formed at the upper side of the checkerbricks. According to this alternative arrangement, the superimposed courses of checkerbricks are protected from mutual displacement in the transverse direction of the bricks since the outer longitudinal walls pass over the inner longitudinal ribs either above or below the latter where they are tightly placed on each other. This prevents escapement of gases in the longitudinal direction of the regenerator since the bricks occupy the entire width of the regenator. Thus, it is important to note that the intermediate walls which divide the regenerator into cells are relieved of the usual tightitting requirements and may be arranged in an independent manner. The danger of dust deposits is avoided since exposed horizontal faces are eliminated from the checkerwork. Due to the solid interftting relation between the checkerbricks by the depressed and projecting faces, the checkerwork overcomes the effects of stresses and expansion which occur in the masonry of the regenerator walls due to temperature changes and changes in the brick material.

These features and advantages of the present invention will be more fully understood when the following description is read in light of the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. l is a fragmentary vertical transverse section through a row of coke ovens and regenerators;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary vertical section taken along line II-II of FIG. l;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line V-V of FIG. 4; and

FIG. 6 is an enlarged plan view of a checkerbrick shown in FIG. 3.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings, a series or rows of laterally-spaced coke ovens are shown in which each horizontal coke oven chamber 1 has side walls 2, a oor 3 and a roof 4. The roof' is provided with vertical passages 5 for filling the ovens with coal that is to be coked, and with other passages 6 through which the gases formed during coking leave the ovens to enter small ducts 7 that are connected with large ducts 8 extending along the tops of the ovens. 'Ihe spaces between the ovens form heating flues 9.

Below the iioor of the ovens and tiues there is a series of side-by-side regenerators 11, each of which includes longitudinal walls 10A and 10B. The space between these walls is divided by vertical crosswalls 12 into separate cells which is best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The upper ends of the cells are connected by inclined passages 13 with the bottom of the flues. At the bottom of each regenerator there is a horizontal duct 14 admitting to the cells the air that is to be heated and to remove from the cells the combustion gases when the regenerators are reversed.

Each of the regenerator cells is filled with columns of superimposed checkerbricks 16 for alternately absorbing heat and imparting heat to incoming gases to preheat them. The columns of bricks are supported side-by-side such that each checkerbrick extends longitudinally between the walls 10A and 10B where the bricks abut the vertical surfaces of these walls.

As clearly shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, each checkerbrick has three groups of

iow spaces

20, 21 and 22 arranged one behind the other longitudinally of the bricks. The checkerbrick has

longitudinal walls

17 and 18 and outer crosswalls 26 and 27. Within the outer walls there is provided three inner longitudinal walls 19 and inner crosswalls 23 and 24. Side projections 28 extend from the outer surface of the

longitudinal walls

17 and 18. Other projecting surfaces 29 extend from the crosswalls 26 and 27 at the four corners of each brick.

As best shown in FIG. 3, the position of the bricks in the regenerator cell forms additional ow spaces 30 by 4 f the cooperation between the projections 28 on the bricks.

According to the features of the present invention, the design of the individual bricks attains the goal of assuring continuous ow spaces through the bricks and throughout the entire height of the regenerator cell and eliminating horizontal surfaces where dust deposits may be co1- lected.

This is accomplished by providing the

inner walls

23 and 24, outer crosswalls 26 and 27 and the inner longitudinal walls 19 with extensions 32 at the upper sides of the bricks and identically-shaped depressions 31 at the underside of the bricks. An arrangement of superimposed course of bricks is such that the upper projections are engaged in the lower depressions, as clearly shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. In vertical cross section, FIG. 5, the depressions essentially form troughs defined by a plane bottom and relatively steep ascending side walls.

In the longitudinal direction of the regenerator, an almost gas-tight seal is produced between the checkerbricks by the depressions 31 and projections 32 which are arranged in a superimposed relation such that the

longitudinal walls

17 and 18 are placed firmly on top of one another. In this manner, a substantially gas-tight enclosure is provided by the outer longitudinal walls of the bricks at adjacent regenerator cells. This gives rise to the possibility of omitting the crosswalls 12. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the crosswalls are actually formed from

plates

34 and 35 which extend into recesses 36 formed in the longitudinal walls 10A and 10 B of the regenerator. A Z-shaped joint 37 is formed where the

plates

34 and 35 engage each other. As shown in the drawings, the

plates

34 and 35 are of different lengths such that the joint 37 is adjacent the wall 10B in the course of bricks shown in FIG. 3. The joint 37 is staggered from course-to-course of bricks such that throughout the even-numbered brick courses, the joint is adjacent the wall 10B and throughout the odd-numbered brick courses, the joint is closely adjacent the wall 10A.

Although the invention has been shown and described in connection with certain specific embodiments, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in form and arrangement of parts may be made to suit requirements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

I claim as my invention:

1. In combination with a horizontal coke oven chamber, a vertical regenerator comprising:

spaced regenerator walls extending along the. length of said coke oven chamber,

a column of superimposed checkerbricks with each checkerbrick arranged longitudinally to extend between and in abutment with said spaced regenerator walls,

a plurality of side-by-side continuous flow spaces extending through said column of checkerbricks and defined by a plurality of superimposed abutting checkerbrick walls aligned vertically between each superimposed checkerbrick,

a recess formed in one horizontally-extending end of each checkerbrick and extending from one regenerator wall to the other regenerator wall along the entire longitudinal length of the checkerbrick, and

a projection formed on the other horizontally-extending end of each checkerbrick and extending along the entire longitudinal length of the checkerbricks, the projection of one checkerbrick extending into the recess of a vertically adjacent checkerbrick, said checkerbricks defining outer longitudinal' walls that are independent of said recess and said projection.

2. The combination according to claim lvfurther comprising a plurality of spaced-apart crosswallsformed by courses of loosely set bricks arranged to extend between said spaced regenerator walls, said crosswalls dividing said regenerator into cells, each cell comprising a plurality superimposed of said columns of superimposed checkerbricks arranged side-byside between said crosswalls.

3. The combination according to claim 2 wherein said regenerator walls have recesses for loosely receiving said crosswalls.

4. The combination according to claim 1 wherein said checkerbricks each comprise spaced-apart parallel arranged crosswalls, outer longitudinal walls and inner longitudinal walls defining groups of said plurality of continuous flow spaces, each of said groups being ar ranged one behind the other along the longitudinal length of the checkerbricks.

5. The combination according to claim 4 further comprising spaced parallel wall extensions formed by said outer longitudinal walls projecting from one end of said cllggkerbricks beyond said crosswalls and inner longitudinal walls, and spaced parallel wall recesses delined by said crosswalls and inner longitudinal walls projecting from the opposite side of said checkerbricks beyond said outer longitudinal walls.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS NORMAN YUDKOFF, Primary Examiner D. SANDERS, Assistant Examiner U.S. C1. X.R. 52-602, 603