US2701383A

US2701383A - Door closer

Info

Publication number: US2701383A
Application number: US157664A
Authority: US
Inventors: Billeter Ernst
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1949-04-28
Filing date: 1950-04-24
Publication date: 1955-02-08
Anticipated expiration: 1972-02-08
Also published as: DE835722C; FR1016698A

Description

E. BILLETER Feb. 8, 1955 DOOR CLOSER 2 Sheets-Sheet Filed April 24, 1950 a 5 z w E Feb. 8, 1955 BILLETER DOOR CLOSER Filed April 24, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States Patent DOOR CLOSER Ernst Billeter, Kusnacht, near Zurich, Switzerland Application April 24, 1950, Serial No. 157,664 Claims priority, application Switzerland April 28, 1949 3 Claims. (Cl. 1659) The present invention relates to door closers and more particularly to door closers of the hydraulically operated type comprising a closing spring, such as are described in my earlier application Ser. No. 42,700, filed August 5, 1948, now Patent No. 2,522,252, issued September 12, 1950, and Swiss Patent No. 262,506.

According to my present invention, the door closer comprises a hydraulic check operating to additionally retard the door closing movement within a certain angle of aperture of the door.

One form of my present invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Figs. 1-5 show the check in longitudinal section in diiferent working positions,

Fig. 6 shows a section on the line VI-VI of Fig. 1, and

Fig. 7 a vertical longitudinal section through the check.

Numeral 1 designates a check cylinder in which a check piston 2 is movable. A crank axle 3 projects through the wall of the check cylinder, being disposed at right angles to the cylinder axis and carrying in cylinder 1 an arm 4 provided with a crank pin which is engaged by a piston rod 5. The latter, as known in the art, is pivoted to the piston 2 which, therefore, is moved in cylinder 1 on rotating the axle 3. In piston 2, further, there is inserted a check valve comprising aball 7 movable in a duct 6 and adapted for co-operationwith a seat 8 and a stop 9.

In the sliding face of piston 2 is provided a longitudinal groove 10 of rectangular cross-section (Fig. 6). Two

return conduits

11 and 12 with their two

ends

11a, 12a and 11b, 12b open to the inside space of cylinder 1 which through piston 2 is subdivided into a forward chamber 13 and a rear chamber 14 respectively. A closing throttle 15 is provided in the return duct 11, and an additional throttle 16 in the return duct 12. By

screwingthe throttle elements

15, 16 in or out, the passage cross-sections of the

respective ducts

11 and 12 may be reduced or enlarged respectively. The throttle elements always are so adjusted that the throttling action of element 16 is more pronounced than that of element 15.

On cylinder 1 is provided an override valve (Figs. 1-5) comprising a longitudinal bore 17 which opens into the two

cylinder chambers

13 and 14, and a valve plate 18 which opposes the flow of checking liquid through the said bore. The said plate 18 is loaded by a spring 21a which is adjustable by means of a screw plug 21. A longitudinal groove 19 is provided in the cylinder inside wall adjacent duct-end 12b. and another longitudinal groove. 20 on the side opposite the ends of the

ducts

11 and 12. The groove 20 is somewhat longer than the check piston 2.

As shown in Fig. 7, an arm 22 forming a part of an elbow-joint linkage of well known construction, which is connected to the lintel of the door, at one end is pinned to the free end of crank-axle 3. The check cylinder 1, however, is rigidly secured to the door. The cylinder 1 carries a spring chamber 26 in which is disposed a closing spring 27 which at one end is secured to the chamber 26 and at the other end to the hub 29 of a spur gear 290 fixed on a sleeve 28 which is co-axial with the crank axle 3 and freely rotatable in chamber 26, the spur gear 29a engaging a pawl 30 which is carried by the arm 22.

The operation of the closer otherwise is as follows. Let it be assumed that the door is in an opening position in which the check components occupy the position shown in Fig. 1. The checking liquid is oil for example.

Under the action of the closing spring 27, the crank axle 3 is rotated by way of the

parts

29, 30 and 22, whereby the piston 2 is moved to the right, as shown in Fig. 1. With the check valve 69 closed, oil is moved out of the cylinder chamber 14. The said oil flows through the return duct 11, the piston groove 10 and the groove 19 into the cylinder chamber 13. A relatively small portion flows through the duct 12 into the said chamber 13. The closing movement, therefore, is checked more or less in dependency on the setting of the

throttle elements

15, 16. When, however, a certain reduced door opening angle has been reached, i. e. when the check components occupy the position shown in Fig. 2, the piston 2 interrupts the communication between the

grooves

10 and 19. The

return ducts

11 and 12 now are series-connected by the piston groove 10. The extent of delay of the closing movement is defined by that throttling element which has the more pronounced throttling action, i. e. by the throttling element 16. It has to be noted that, according to the extent of such throttling, the door closing movement within the said certain door opening angle which corresponds to the positions of the piston 2 in Figs. 2 and 3, may be delayed as desired, i. e. down to standstill, in which case the throttling element 16 is entirely closed. When the piston 2 is positioned as shown in Fig. 4, i. e. when it uncovers the mouth of duct-end 11b, the displaced oil flows from the cylinder chamber 14 through the duct 11 directly into the forward chamber 13 so that the door closing movement again is checked only through the action of throttle element 15. In order to slightly accelerate the closing movement at the end of the piston stroke,

for the purpose of ensuring proper engagement of the door latch, the said groove 20 is provided in cylinder 1. When the piston 2 has attained the position shown in Fig. 5, the oil may escape from chamber 14 through an additional passage past piston 2, namely through the longitudinal groove 20, so that the door closing movement is checked to a lesser extent. When it is desired from any reason whatever to quickly close the door by hand, the pull exerted on the door by a person closing the door, causes the piston 2 to move faster, whereby the oil pressure in cylinder chamber 14 is raised. The increased oil pressure is propagated through the bore 17 and, overcoming the action of spring 21a, causes valve 18 to open, whereby a direct passage of relatively large cross-section is produced between the

cylinder chambers

14 and 13. The door closing movement thus is checked substantially less by the

throttle elements

15 and 16 respectively.

When opening the door, the excess pressure built up on the forward piston end face causes the ball 7 in piston 2 to leave its seat 8, the ball 7 through the stop 9 being prevented from leaving the bore 6. Thus there is provided direct communication between the

cylinder chambers

13 and 14 so that the piston 2 may be moved, and thus the door opened without encountering any appreciable checking action.

lt is to be noted that the range within which the piston will be additionally checked through the throttling element 16, may correspond to any desired range of door opening angles. The arrangement suitably may be such that the piston movement is additionally checked during that time in which the displacement rate is a maximum andl, therefore, the check piston 2 is checked most effective y.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A door closer comprising a hydraulic checking device including a cylinder and a piston therein, throttling means in said device for controlling the closing movement of the door, and a second throttling means in said device for producing a throttling action limited to a certain range of the door closing movement, the throttling action of said second throttling means being superposed to the throttling action produced by said first mentioned throttling means to provide for an unhindered passage through the door opening by an increased door braking action during said range of closing movement.

2. A door check comprising a hydraulic checking device including a cylinder and a piston therein, a pair of throttle passages in communication with said cylinder to by-pass fluid around said piston, said passages overlap- 301,883 3 4 ping with the outlet of one passage intermediate the inlet 3. A door check as defined in claim 2 wherein the and outlet of the other passage, said cylinder having a second of said passages is more restricted than the first groove in its wall extending from the outlet of said other passage.

passage to a point adjacent said intermediate outlet of saggl oned passage, and saic'l1 piston having a groove in its 5 References Cited in the file of this patent w an operative as sai piston moves to successive y place said intermediate outlet in communication with said UNITED STATES PATENTS cylinder groove, whereby said passages are in parallel re 1,848,371 Moore Mar. 8, 1932 lation, and to place said intermediate outlet in communl- 2,116,185 Bernhard May 3, 1938 cation with said other passage inlet, whereby said passages 10 2,586,135 Woodruff Feb. 19, 1952 are in series.