US2694268A - Calender - Google Patents

Description

2 Sheets-Sheet l CALENDER P. J. DORNBUSCH Nov. 16, 1954 Filed Sept. 7. 1949 PA! Jase! Do'rnb US'ck F/GZ.

Nov. 16, 1954 P. J, DORNBUSCH CALENDER 2 Shets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 7. 1949 Pia/Josef Darn by A Atfar H! vs same teeth do not come in contact with Unite States Patent The invention refers to a calender, in ,particular a calender press for embossing and pressing webs of material, inparticular webs of paper or textile fabric, leather or the like and has the object of facilitating the changing .and renewal of the calender rolls with. a consequent saving of time in the operation :of the calender, as well as. giving the same a more eflicient form.

It is known that in existing calender presses the rolls are provided at each end with stub axles carrying gear- Wheels, the gear-wheels of each pair of rolls being in engagement. When changing or renewing the-rolls-the same gear-wheels can be used for the new rolls prot-ided the new rolls are of the same diameter as the old rolls which have been removed. It is then necessary, however, to withdraw the gear-wheels from the axles of the old rolls and fixthem on those ofthe new rolls. Usually, however, each set of rolls retains its own gear-wheels which remain attached to their corresponding rolls. If the oldrolls to be removed have a different diameter from that of the new rolls to be fitted in their place, other gear-wheels will be required for the new rolls to be so fitted and 'in'such a case besides maintaining a stock of spare rolls it is also essential to maintain a corresponding stock of gear-wheels.

In accordance with thepresent invention, the gearwheels by which the rolls are driven and are coupled together are fitted separately from the rolls in the form of a gear train fitted on theiframe of the calender, and the rolls are detachably connected with the gear shafts. By this means the gear-wheels for the rolls always remain in place on the calender frame and it is no longer necessary to maintain a stock of gear-wheels, while the. troublesome removal and refitting of the gear-wheels is'likewise no longer necessary. Thus time is saved in operating the calender, while there is also a saving in material, and furthermore, owing to'the -longer effective working life of the calender, a savingin firstcost.

The gear wheels intended for coupling the rolls are suitably arranged to engage with each other through an intermediate gear, and, in. particular the'gear-wheel driving the adjustable roll is able to rotate around thegearwheel in engagement with it. This presents the particular advantage that the diameter of the roll does not influence the working of the gears, i. e., the same; gears can be retained on the calender even if the diameters 'of the rolls used are different; 'also the thickness or variation in the thickness ofthe material passing between the rolls has noinfluence on the'working of the gears.

It is. advisable to divide the transmission ratio among the gears, in such manner that the number ofiteeth in either one of two meshing gear-wheels is a fractional multiple of the number of teeth'in the other 'one of the pair of meshing gear-wheels, in such manner that the each other very frequently. This in addition to reducing the wear on the gear teeth, prevents the formation of streaks on the paper roll, which otherwise frequently occurs.

The attachment of the transmission gear casing to the calender frame can be effected, in accordance with the present invention, by elastic coupling flanges. By this means, any divergence of the rolls from parallelism is prevented from having any harmful effect on the gears, since owing to the elastic flange coupling the gears can adjust themselves to any relative position of the rolls. An elastic flange coupling is particularly necessary if the gear-wheel connected with the adjustable roll is rotatable about the gear with which it meshes to obviate disturbing be taken by 2,694,268 Patented Nov. 16, 1954 effects if the axis and radius -of.rotation ofthe, gear-wheel and the associated roll'respectively, should. fail to coincide .connectable couplingsbetween the axles ofatherolls and the ends of the gear spindles; such couplings-being suitably constructed as flange couplings.

In accordance with .the'present invention, however, :it is preferred to replace the roll axles by couplingzrnembets .on short shafts which members engage withand center'the ends of the rolls. This affords the further advantage that the stub axles hitherto required onthe rolls become superflous, resulting in a saving of weight and material in the rolls.

In accordance with the present invention, the short shafts can :be permanently fitted in the calender housing and the coupling'members be arranged to move into-engagement with the rolls on at least one side. Thisresults in a considerable simplification inv the'removal and replacement of'the rolls, the replacement consisting essentially of a simple, self+centering insertion of the rolls in the calender frame. A further result is the possibility of a narrower construction of the calender, producing afurther saving in material and weight. In view of 'the fact that the short shafts serve for couplingas well as for driving the calender rolls, they can be permanently connected to the transmission gear shafts or spindles.

The couplings can suitably be designed as conecouplings, the ends of the rolls being formed with tapered spigots and the coupling members on the short sha'fts being given a corresponding form. The taper can be formed directly on the end of the roll, or on a projection from such end. In the latter case, the taper is independent of the diameter of the roll, enabling rolls of different diameter to be used in the same calender without any modification of the latter. An internal centering action .can *also be obtained if the arrangement is reversed and the tapered projections on the ends of the rolls are replacedby tapered recesses in the latter, engagingwithtapered spigots on-thestub shafts. In the case of hollow rolls, the :centeringpressure can :a continuous stayabolt.

The coupling members on-thefshort shafts transmitting the rotary motion'to the rollsi-are suitably provided with additional grippers such as driving dogs or pins for-en- "Figure 1 Figure *4-shows the adjustable, swivelling mounting of thepressureroll-inside elevation, looking at'the right hand end in Pigure 1; and Figure S-is'a detail'view'of thei sgupports .for the gear .casings shown in :Figures 1 an Referring to :thedrawings, the calender is equipped with a steel roll 1 and a paper or;.pressure roll 2, of which the roll .2 .is adjustable "by swinging its axis. The gears coupling the rolls together are arranged in the form of a gear train on the calender frame in such manner that the rolls and the gear-wheels form separate units. In the example according to Figure 1, a separate gear train 4 for driving the rolls is arranged on one side of the calender frame and the gears coupling the rolls are arranged on the other side of the frame, being supported from the housing 12, While in the example according to Figure 3, the driving gears are combined with the gears coupling the rolls. Disconnectable couplings are provided between the rolls and the gears in both forms of the invention. The roll 2 is supported on links 20 which can rock about the axis 21, to which a 3 force is applied in the direction of the arrow 22, by which means the roll 2 is pressed against the roll 1 as illustrated in Figure 4.

As shown in Figure 2, gear-wheels S and 6 coupled to the rolls 1 and 2, respectively, are mutually connected by intermediate gear-wheels 7, 8 and 9; the gear-wheel 7 being merely for reversing the direction of rotation. The gear-wheel 6 acting upon the swinging roll 2 is capable of rotating around the periphery of the gear-wheel 9 in correspondence with the swinging motion of the roll 2 as shown by the arrows 10. The gear-wheel 9 is coaxial with the pivot 21 of the link 20 upon the free end of which the gear wheel 6 is rotatably journalled.

The transmission ratio between the gear- wheels 5 and 6 is 2:1 and corresponds to the transmission ratio of the rolls to one another. The gear-wheels 8 and 9 split up the transmission ratio in such a manner that the number of teeth in the gear-wheel S meshing with the gear-wheel 7 is not an exact multiple of the number of teeth in the latter gearwheel 7. Similarly, the number of teeth in the gear-wheel 6 is a fractional multiple of the number of teeth in the gear-wheel 9.

The gear cases 3 and 4 are elastically connected by flanges to the calender frame, a rubber cushion 13 being introduced between the flange 11 and the frame housing 12 as illustrated in Figure 5.

In Figure 1 flange couplings 14 are provided between the roll axles and the gear spindles. The bearings of the roll axles are indicated by 15. In the example according to Figure 1, they are provided with half-bushings 23, of which those on the ends of the links carrying the roll 2 are arranged at the bottom and those on the arms 24 carrying the roll 1 are arranged at the top.

In the example according to Figure 3, the rolls have at their ends tapers 16, made on shoulders of the rolls. The gear spindles connecting with these rolls are provided with correspondingly tapered coupling members 17 and 18. The coupling members hold the rolls by the ends, and simultaneously center them. On one side, the coupling members 17 are made movable to and from the rolls. This latter motion is in the example effected in the manner already used for tailstock spindles of lathes; but can, of course, be effected in any other suitable manner; thus, pnuematic or hydraulic operation can be provided.

Referring to Figure 3, the drive is provided by a V belt pulley which drives the pinion a which engages with the toothed wheel b. The toothed wheel b is preferably mounted on the shaft of the toothed wheel 7 which is shown in Figure 2, although it may be mounted directly on one of the shafts carrying the coupling members which drive the roll 1 as shown in Figures 1 and 3. The bearings for the shafts carrying the coupling members 17 and 18 may be mounted in the shells or half-bushings 23 of the levers 20, one of which appears in Figure 4. In view of the fact that in the left hand half of Figure 3, the coupling parts 17 must be movable, they are preferably splined in the shells.

The shafts carrying the coupling members 17 and 18 for the upper roller 1 are mounted in bearing shells or half-bushings 23 which are concave downwardly, whilst hangers or other means can be provided in order to secure the bearing members in the shells.

Grippers, such as dogs or pins 19 engaging in the coupling members 18 and the right hand ends of the rolls, are provided for driving the latter.

The bearings of the shafts carrying the roll 2 which are not visible in Figure 3 but are like those shown in Figure l, are of the kind shown in Figure 4, except that the bearings are fixed in relation to the links 20.

I claim:

1. A calender for embosssing and pressing webs of material such as paper, textile fabric, leather and the like, of the type comprising a pair of relatively adjustable changeable rolls supported by axles journalled in frames and driven by gearing from a suitable power source, said calender having means for supporting the rolls mounted in parallel frames, gearing for driving the rolls held in place by means including a housing separate and apart from the roll frames and supported thereby as a unit, driving shafts in alinement with and disconnectably connected to said rolls extending into said housing, driving gears mounted on the ends of said shafts within said housing, interengaging gears mounted for rotation in said housing and operatively connecting said driving gears, and power operated means for rotating one of said pair of rolls.

2. A calender as set forth in claim 1 wherein one of the rolls is supported for swinging movement about an axis parallel to the other roll and a gear is provided in the driving gearing for said first roll rotatably journaled upon the axis about which said first roll swings.

3. A calender as set forth in claim 2 wherein the number of teeth of one of the interengaging gears in the gearing connecting the rolls to one another is a fractional multiple of the number of teeth in another of these gears.

4. A calender as set forth in claim 1 wherein the housing for the gearing is attached to the adjacent roll supporting frame by means including a flanged connector and an intermediate cushion or elastic material between it and said adjacent frame.

5. A calender as set forth in claim 1 wherein a releasable coupling connection is provided between the ends of the rolls and the driving shafts comprising members separable endwise thereof.

6. A calender as set forth in claim 5 wherein the endwise separable members are rotatably supported in the adjacent roll supporting frame and are free to engage on their roll facing ends against the roll ends.

7. A calender as set forth in claim 6 wherein the roll ends have conical surfaces of revolution and the endwise separable members are correspondingly conical.

8. A calender as set forth in claim 1 wherein the driving shafts are joinable at their inner ends to the rolls at the end faces thereof and said shafts are formed with releasable centering coupling members facing the rolls.

9.; A calender as set forth in claim 8 wherein the coupling members have grippers catching hold in the end faces of the rolls.

10. A calender as set forth in claim 1 wherein a releasable coupling connection is provided between the ends of the rolls and the driving shafts.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date Re. 14,327 Clarke July 17, 1917 1,329,325 Mascord Jan. 27, 1920 1,555,184 Choate et al Sept. 20, 1925 1,737,378 Littell Nov. 26, 1929 2,317,493 Stout et al Apr. 27, 1943 2,460,504 Huebner Ian. 1, 1949 2,563,117 Hurley Aug. 7, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 189,883 Great Britain Dec. 11, 1922 309,657 Great Britain Apr. 18, 1929 320,340 Great Britain Oct. 4, 1929 599,619 France June 16, 1925 426,529 Germany Aug. 7, 1924

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